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Discrete Elements Method simulations are carried out to investigate waves propagation in isotropic, frictional granular media. The focus is on the effects of confining pressure, microstructure and input frequency on both wave velocity and attenuation. The latter is described via the seismic quality factor Q and three different measurement approaches are compared, in time and frequency domain. The simulation data validate previous findings on the scaling of wave velocity with confining pressure and coordination number. The quality factor Q shows a non-monotonic behavior with input frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, one of the fastest growing regions in the world, there is a lack of research and exploration on the architectural form of folk beliefs. By choosing representative branches to conduct in-depth exploration, we can complete the basic work of revitalizing and activating such buildings. From ancient times there are a variety of forms to transmit and commemorate Guangong Faith, an important part of Chinese fork beliefs. Guandi Temple is the most extensive and common one of the forms, and can be found all over China. Guanyu was a famous senior general of Shuhan in the Three Kingdoms Period. He was eulogized everywhere for his loyalty. After his death, Guanyu had been regarded as a deity, called Guangong, and often been praised by emperors of the past dynasties. From Song Dynasty, Guangong became a national god from the folk god. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the develop ment of Guangong culture has been peaked and its influence on the society has reached an unprecedented level. With the prosperity of Guangong worship, the development of Guandi Temples in the country is very rapid, and soon to a considerable number and scale. Guandi temples are usually built in the city, by the city guard and in the natural village. The phenomenon that almost every village has a Guandi Temple is more obvious in Shanxi province. The Guandi Temple in natural village is not only the place where villagers worship Guangong, but also the activity center of local cultural life. It plays a very important role in the form of local settlements. Staring from the origin and the evolution of Guangong culture, this paper discusses the location, type, form and characteristics of Guandi Temple Buildings in Shanxi natural villages, and tries to explore the expression and transmission of folk beliefs in rural settlements, so as to put forward new ideas for the preservation and revitalization of such kind of heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]