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High-compressibility, low-shear-strength soils are notoriously difficult to engineer on, so traditional chemical stabilising additives like cement and lime have been used extensively to improve their engineering qualities. Soil stabilisation methods, both chemical and mechanical, are employed to improve the material's engineering properties. There is a growing need for more environmentally friendly and long-lasting materials in construction and landscaping, which could have a profound effect on the field of soil improvement around the world. Recent research shows that geopolymers and biopolymers can be used to stabilise bentonite clay, improving its engineering properties in a sustainable way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Making decisions based on multiple attributes works well with fuzzy information. First of all, fuzzy information is by nature more reflective of people's real-world thoughts. People's perceptions of things are frequently not binary, meaning that there is some degree of ambiguity. Second, the evaluation values of several characteristics may exist concurrently in an information unit in various representations of fuzzy information. Fuzzy theory forms the basis of nearly all multi-attribute decision-making techniques used today for the reasons mentioned above. The review of fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making is the aim of this study. The following are the primary goals: To assist novices in comprehending the primary study findings and fundamental fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making. The present work provides a framework for the problem of decision making in course exit survey using fuzzy rough approximations. On the basis of attributes used in course exit survey a conclusion is drawn through fuzzy lower and upper approximations in decision table. Finally, an algorithm is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the nonlinear Rosenau-Hyman equation with time dependent variable coefficients is considered for inves-tigating its invariant properties, exact solutions and conservation laws. Using Lie classical method, we derive point symmetries admitted by the governing equation. Symmetry reductions are performed for each components of optimal set. Also nonclassical approach is employed to find some additional supplementary symmetries and corresponding symmetry reductions are performed. Later three kinds of exact solutions of considered equation are presented graphically for different parameters. In addition, local conservation laws are constructed for the considered equation by multiplier approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

December 2019 was marked by the arrival of the novel coronavirus, which has now reportedly resulted in 4,200,412 deaths (as ofJuly 30, 2021) world-wide. Although the casualty rate of SARS-CoV-2 is lower than other viral infections, yet its uncertainty poses a global threat. The virus that causes Covid-19 diseases is spreading among people, and more people are becoming infected. According to clinical studies, SARS-CoV-2 develops and migrates through the respiratory tract along the conducting airways, eliciting a robust innate immune response that leads to severe clinical manifestations such as cytokine storms, the release of chemical mediators including IL-2 and IL-6 at vital organs, and worsens in patients with co-morbidities. The treatment is largely focused on the assessment of patients since the studies are evaluating a wide array of medications for possible outcomes during this emergency period of the Covid 19 epidemic. On the contrary, few conventional drugs have been disapproved, such as hydroxychloroquine while others like ribavirin and lopinavir, are effective in combination therapies as per the studies. Monoclonal antibodies, kinase inhibitors, and basic febrifuges, along with anti-tussive syrups, have become a growing therapy for coronavirus patients. Although this virus seems to have a specific treatment due to the effects of viral variation and mutation, it's causing a leading global challenge for researchers. This article aggregates the conventional and new breakthrough therapeutics for tackling Covid 19 and its emerging therapeutic rationale reviewed by WHO, ICMR, FDA, PubMed, Google scholar, and the Covid update newsletter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ADINA stands for 'Artificially Developed Intelligent Assistant' which is developed as an application software. The purpose is to fulfill the basic requirements of its users and based on the usage of the user to predict its behavior. The basic requirement of this user that this application covers include making web-based as well as Wikipedia searches, event scheduling of users (calendar and planner), exploring real time news headlines throughout the globe as well as exploring new places. We have developed our own artificial intelligence assistant 'ADINA' using python language. This paper provides what services a modern assistant can provide along with scalability to add more existing services and also incorporate the services of the future. It can also be used to incorporate and control 'IOT' applications as they majorly use Raspberry Pi processor which can be easily integrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chalcogen (S, Se, Te) rich pseudobinary glassy systems have potential applications in nonlinear optical limiting and switching devices. A pseudobinary glassy system (Ge20Te80)x(Se80Te20)100-x has been investigated for different important physical parameters viz. molar volume (Vm), average heat of atomization (Hs), lone pair electrons (L), number of constraints (Ncon), average coordination number (), cohesive energy (CE), mean bond energy (), and glass transition temperature (TgL), etc. with the variation in (Ge20Te80) content. Linear variation in glass transition temperature with varying heat of atomization and variation of high refractive index as a result of increasing density may account for the optical limiting effect. The approximated critically calculated physical parameters in the present study reveal the structural detail of investigated glass for optical limiting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocomposites have gained enormous attention in recent times due to their synergetic effects and excellent properties. Sensing properties improve after addition of graphene oxide to zinc oxide. Large surface area, high electric conductivity and good thermal stability make graphene oxide suitable material for composite based device fabrication. The prepared composite material ZnO/rGO is characterized by various techniques like XRD, UV-visible, RAMAN and FTIR. Crystallite size of graphene oxide doped zinc oxide was found to be 24.85nm. UV-visible confirms that band gap of the composite materialis reduced to 3.11eV from 3.37eV.An increasein yield amount of the product is found without harmful effects and less destruction of surface structure by using ecofriendly reducing agent ascorbic acid. Composite materials have large number of applications in sensing, optoelectronic devices and medical field.ZnO/rGO composite material is used for piezoelectric devices for pressure sensors and nanogenerators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effort is made to prepare the ZnO and Polypyrrole composite thin film. ZnO and Polypyrrole sols were prepared using sol-gel technique. Nanocomposite thin film was prepared using spin coating on glass substrates. The gas sensing studies were done for ammonia (NH3) gas by depositing the films on Inter-digital electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structures and electronic properties of PbS quantum dots (QDs) are examined by using first principles density functional theory (DFT) for their potential applications in the design of novel solar cells. The effect of the type of passivating agent on geometrical optimization and the electronic properties of the QDs are investigated. The energies of optimised QDs are obtained from the computational study of these QDs attached with different carboxylates having different carbon numbers and iodine atoms as negative ions for surface passivation. The length of the chain of the ligand is found to affect the electronic structure of the QDs under consideration leading to increase in energy band gap with the increase of carbon chain length of the passivating ligand and corresponding blue shift in absorption spectrum of the QD system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws the comparison between two different geometry designed PCFs and compares the optical parameters like confinement loss, dispersion, birefringence, non linearity and effective area. The two structures are 3rings Hexagonal PCF and Circular PCF. Comsol Multiphysics 5.6 software is used to model them and the physics used for the simulation is the electromagnetic waves frequency domain. The propagation constant and propagating mode are computed using mode analysis. The study of the parametric sweep has been used to find the wavelength mode. Air is used as the material for holes and silica glass of refractive index 1.46 is used for cladding. For both the structures, the diameter of air holes and lattice pitch is kept the same and the same wavelength 1.55µm is used for simulating various properties. From the simulation results, it is found that hexagonal PCF provides -1.08e−5 dB/km and circular PCF provides -2.18e−12 dB/km confinement loss. Hexagonal PCF provides 6.0720e−12 m2 effective area while circular PCF offers a low effective area of 9.149e−12 m2 because of the air holes present. The birefringence was investigated for hexagonal and circular PCF and was found to be 0.015 and 0.016 respectively. Nonlinearity in the case of hexagonal PCF has a value of 9.36368e−12 W−1km−1 and that for circular PCF has 6.1919e−11 W−1km−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contents of this part is in continuation of part 1 of the paper titled "A Review on Evolution of Airfoils and their Characteristics in Last Three Centuries" For engineers and scientists in the field of Aeronautics and Aerospace, complete knowledge of characteristics of airfoil is of utmost importance. This paper collects the information related to the development of airfoils to improve the performance of airfoils. This paper is an attempt to provide a roadmap to the engineers and scientists working in this area and allied areas. This attempt will make smooth sailing of the beginner to locate the literature and will be motivated by the pioneers' work and perseverance which made us to fly and save valuable time. It will encourage people to improve the existing characteristics of an airfoil for benefit to the mankind as well as open the path of new research in this field. This paper reveals significance of cl,max, Stall/Separation. Paper defines critical mach number and drag divergence mach number and development of super critical airfoils to increase the gap between critical mach number and drag divergence mach number. Paper also presents results obtained from experimental data in useful graphical relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]