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The conference was convened to provide a forum for educators, human rights representatives, and government officials to discuss decision-making processes of local education authorities. The focus of the conference was on the increasing influence on educational policy formation of federal and state court decisions, regulatory agencies, professional associations and unions, publishing houses, and schools of education. Much of the discussion centered on the impact of rulings from the Office of Civil Rights (OCR) on policy making in education in New York City. The keynote speech presented by Michael Usdan, Commissioner for Higher Education for Connecticut, stressed changing relationships between federal, state, and local governments in education, accretion of federal power, fragmented political structures, urban educational problems, and educational finance. Other speakers discussed the constitutional framework of educational policy formation, Supreme Court involvement in education, discrimination in employing teachers, selective enforcement of OCR policies, and flight of middle income families to the suburbs. In the summary of conference discussions, a recommendation was made to increase interaction between local school boards and the OCR for the purpose of dealing with issues currently overlooked in OCR rulings. (DB)

Convened to offer a forum for discussion of values education to over 100 representatives of public and private schools, the conference explored moral dilemmas, educational trends, cognitive moral development, and educational objectives. The keynote address by values education exponent Dr. Edwin Fenton (Director, Carnegie-Mellon Education Center, Pittsburgh) characterized the variety of values education programs which have proliferated in public and private schools in the United States since the 1950s. Examples of types of programs include values analysis, values clarification, hidden curriculum changes, and programs based on cognitive moral development concepts. Fenton also identified key issues related to values education in the schools, including the relationship between the school and the home, the role of the general public in setting educational guidelines, and moral education and the educational community. Other conference sessions dealt with goal setting, in-service programs in values education, moral development theory, and responsibility education. A directory of conference participants concludes the document. (DB)

The purpose of this conference was to bring together leaders of public and private schools to discuss matters of mutual concern and interest. The morning session was concerned with the topic "The Child, the Teacher, the Machine" and focused on educational technology with emphasis on computer-aided instruction. The morning workshops dealt with "The Child as One of the Continuing Foci of Education" and "The Role of Technology in Communicating with the Child." A luncheon keynote speech was on "Connecting Education Resources," specifically the coordination among the many educational and cultural agencies in New York City. The afternoon session examined "The Expanding Role of the School," especially in the provision of social services and environmental education. Workshops were entitled "The School as the Local HEW?" and "Education and Survival." All the major presentations and workshop reports are included in the document. (JM)

This document presents an overview of issues concerning the relationship between Federal, State, and local governments in education, the impact of Office of Civil Rights' (OCR) rulings on educational policy-making in New York City, and views held by various individuals towards the impact of such rulings on local policy-making in education. Michael Usdan points out the impact of politics on such issues as educational finance, civil rights and affirmative action, church-state relationships, Federal influence, and teacher negotiations. Norman Redlich provides a geographical review of racial desegregation in the United States as an introduction to his case study presentation of New York City and Office of Civil Rights rulings. Ongoing litigation between the New York City Board of Education and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) concerning HEW's rejection of the Board's application for a basic grant under Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA) is described in the case study presentation. Critical responses and general views submitted by five individuals regarding this case are included. Also presented in relation to the local impact of OCR's rulings is a description of four conference workshops which dealt with various educational controversies and their relationship to OCR policy. Among the issues discussed in this section of the paper is the question of what constitutes the most appropriate criteria for the selection of staff. A bibliography of selected references is also included. (EB)

The introduction of knee cartilage scaffold production and its preliminary in-vitro testing is the main subject of the presentation. Scaffolds are produced by combination of electrospinning and 3D printing. The electrospun materials are patterned to obtain a higher porosity with maintaining fiber diameter for better cell migration and good cell adhesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at a study on the combination of three-dimensional printing and electrospinning technology with more open nanofibrous structure based on special patterning. Topics covered include medication of knee cartilage damages with the use of scaffolds, preparation of materials for in-vitro and in-vivo testing, and an image of poly-e-caprolactone patterned electrospun layer.