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Open-ended design projects for engineering students can lead to the integration of technical skills between courses, expose gaps in knowledge, and encourage students to engage with a relevant design context. The second and third "middle year" curricula of typical undergraduate electrical and computer engineering (ECE) programs consist of technical classes that teach students the fundamentals of their field. Project-based learning that engages students in more authentic applications of knowledge is often absent from these courses. These years have notable attrition, but relevant design projects can motivate engineering students by reminding them what they enjoy about the field and showing them that their work can benefit society [1], [2]. In this paper, we describe development of a project in a fourth-semester ECE laboratory design course that engages students in designing an autonomous tractor. This project was created to use skills across first- and second-year courses to make a challenging but achievable capstone project aligned with the university's ECE curriculum revision that expands the range of disciplinary experiences for students. The foundational knowledge students will be required to integrate into their design are a simple controls system, microcontroller programming, Bluetooth communication, and circuit design. Following Prince and Felder's findings that it is more likely that students can connect their learning to existing cognitive models when engineering work is related to a local context, we chose to situate technological design in autonomous farming because the university is in a rural area [2]. The effectiveness of this project in terms of encouraging student engagement, the alignment of skills to course goals, and appropriateness to the relevant population were qualitatively assessed by pilot studies of usability and faculty assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Complete Evidence-Based Practice paper describes the use of reflection in a first-year engineering design course. Reflection is an essential part of learning, but it is not widely used in engineering curricula. However, using reflective learning techniques in the classroom can help students develop critical thinking skills [1] [2], which are highly valued in the modern workplace [3]. Critical thinking consists of an objective analysis and reconstruction of available information, often from multiple sources, before deciding what to accept as valid. While we expect that the ability to think critically develops with practice and time, it would be useful to discern how well our students could learn to reflect and think critically during their first year of college, even with minimal guidance in reflection. Two theoretical models are useful when evaluating student performance on reflective learning tasks. The Perry Model of intellectual development [4], as interpreted by Pavelich and Moore [5] suggests that students with extensive practice in open-ended problem solving involving reflection will be more successful than their peers. Similarly, the King and Kitchener Reflective Judgment Stages model [6] contains a scale which is useful for measuring increased complexity of reflective thinking over time, another indicator of future success. Both models emphasize that knowledge is largely contextual, meaning that it is sometimes true, and sometimes not true, depending on the applicable context. Thus, context is another important factor to consider when evaluating students' reflective learning performance or ability. In the present study, we assess the extent to which students use reflective judgment when writing about their experiences in a semester long introductory design course. Based on our theoretical models, we hypothesized that students whose reflections acknowledge the role of context in learning will additionally show a higher intellectual level of thinking over the course of the semester, as well as earn a higher grade on successive assignments. Therefore, we wanted to determine whether students' ability to reflect on their experiences in the course improved over time. Sixty-five first year engineering students completed a series of five graded short essays. Four essays incorporated reflection about a specific three-week period in the course, while the fifth essay prompted reflection about the entire course content. In each case, students answered three questions whereby they identified the most important item of knowledge that they learned, why it was important, and where else they could use this knowledge, outside of the course. Assignment prompts also stipulated that reflection should extend beyond the specific needs of the course. We operationalized the ability to exercise reflective judgment by using the Perry Model and King and Kitchener's Reflective Judgment Stages in parallel with an internally-developed grading rubric. Rubric criteria included the extent of relevant detail in describing items of knowledge and their context, and the application of specific knowledge to aspects of lifelong learning. By comparing the grades for each assignment over time, in conjunction with corresponding Perry Model and King and Kitchener stages, we expect to find a mixture of continual, sporadic or lack of progress. These results will help further develop this course in the future and can provide new insights as to how students view the importance of reflection for their learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work in progress studies the impact on students and faculty and their perceived value of integrating project-based labs with lectures on student learning in a sophomore-level electrical and computer engineering course. Historically, engineering courses have been structured with a division between the theoretical lecture and the applied lab, preventing students from making clear connections between the two. Today's students do not find this legacy approach effective [1], [2]. In order to enhance student learning and concept retention in a large electrical and computer engineering program, a faculty team is redesigning the sophomore year experience using a project-based learning approach. This study describes the work of one instructor teaching a freshman-level course as part of the experience of exploring the full integration of labs and lectures that incorporate industry-level, real-world problems. The questions we seek to address are: ● How does integration of project-based lab and lecture contribute to students' perceptions of value, motivation and success? ● How does integration of project-based lab and lecture contribute to instructors' perceptions of value and motivation to modernize instruction? In this paper we discuss the historical approach to the design of the course, which we discovered was from the early 1980s, the time of the last major curriculum revision. In addition, using the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation together with course data, we present baseline data from current students and instructors in regards to overall performance. Finally, using the MUSIC Model and course data from instructors and students in the revised course, we report some insight on perceived value and performance in order to make comparisons between the old and revised curriculum. Additional data sources were pulled from student feedback as well as analytic memos from the instructor. For the purpose of this paper, the combination and cross-analysis of this data resulted in a set of lessons learned and recommendations for faculty looking to adjust the design of their course to be more integrative. For the broader purpose of this grant project, this data will be used to influence the trajectory of the course and refine methods for more thorough integration of the labs. While our original expectation was that the integration of project-based labs would increase student success, as measured by course grade distribution as well as self-reported perceptions through the use of the MUSIC survey, we actually found little to no change in these measures. In addition, we anticipated the results from the research would reveal that having students participate in industry-level, real-world scenarios would contribute to increased authenticity students assign to the course content, also to which we found little to no change. Even though our original presumptions were unfounded in these two specific quantitative measurements, there are several other factors that have arisen that allow us to nevertheless make meaningful recommendations to other electrical and computer engineering instructors, as well as department administration, as we continue to modernize the student experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ways in which students encounter school can markedly shape how they form professional identities and continue into the engineering workforce. This is particularly true for those students who experience a variety of disabilities, as they must simultaneously manage and navigate disability-related cultural, academic, physical, and bureaucratic university structures and form professional identities. In this paper, we describe the evolution of an ongoing NSF-sponsored project exploring professional identity formation in undergraduate civil engineering students with disabilities as they experience their undergraduate careers and move into the workforce. To provide context for this ongoing work, we summarize the background, sensitizing concepts, and updated research procedures underpinning this study. We then focus our discussion on our emergent findings to-date, which include the identification of a sub-process referred to as Establishing Definitions of Self. Overall, these findings begin to highlight the nuance and fluidity of disability identity as students form professional identities as civil engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some have hailed the emergence of maker spaces as an opportunity to broaden participation of underrepresented groups in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education, engaging participants in open, creative, and supportive spaces for learning and applying practical STEM knowledge. Others have questioned the potential of these spaces, as many maker and hacker spaces seem to be enacting norms that are more conducive to participation of white, male, middle-class, able-bodied hobbyists. So while there are maker spaces noted for their engagement of homeless makers, women, people of color, veterans, LGBTQ+ folks and people with disabilities, there are many more maker spaces that intentionally or unintentionally exclude these populations. This project considers how diverse maker spaces are conceived, constructed and operated to actively involve groups traditionally underrepresented in STEM, and collectively identify practices that can inform the design and operation of campus and community maker or hacker spaces that presently struggle to achieve diversity. In 2018, we report an update on the project's data collection and the June 2018 unconference where we will bring all our partners together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While recent calls throughout the engineering education community have focused on increasing diversity and broadening participation in STEM, these conversations typically center on race and gender with little to no work addressing disability. But research in higher education broadly suggests that cognitive, physical, and learning disabilities can markedly impact the ways in which students perceive and experience school, develop professional identities, and move into the engineering workforce. To address this gap, we build on emerging conversations that explore the ways in which students experience disability within the context of engineering education. In particular, we conducted an initial grounded theory analysis of interviews examining professional identity formation in undergraduate civil engineering students who experience disabilities. From our analysis, we observed three themes that begin to highlight ways in which the experience of students with disabilities may contribute to their development as emerging civil engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Funded by a recently awarded NSF RED grant, we aim to transform the curriculum and culture of a large electrical and computer engineering department with a model that foregrounds design and innovation to offer students a variety of pathways to a degree. We are developing a combination of approaches to create a program with disciplinary depth and a range of learning experiences, including a participatory design approach that involves not only curriculum redesign, but also engagement of faculty and students in industry and K-12 outreach. Through these combined approaches, we hope to increase the diversity of students entering the program, the variety of pathways through the program, and the kinds of careers graduates pursue. We begin with the goal of effectively employing the Threshold Concepts Framework to identify transformative targets for curricular revisions. Our first step in approaching the RED grant from the perspective of curriculum develop includes a literature review that both systematically canvases existing resources and summarizes and synthesizes themes that enable us to answer the following questions: 1. What research findings have been reported about threshold concepts across disciplines, in the field of engineering, and in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science? 2. What are the perceived strengths and weaknesses of the threshold concepts framework, both in theory and practice? 3. Which methods are most effective for identifying threshold concepts? 4. How have threshold concepts been used to enact change? In exploring these questions, we investigate the history and evolution of the threshold concepts framework with attention to sociotechnical patterns such as whether and how "professional" and "technical" concepts are delineated. In terms of methodology, we consider whether data collection prompts guide people away from the center of their discipline, and whether there is less of a dichotomy between social and technical than often portrayed in engineering education narratives. Finally, we are employing a participatory design process in which we are not only asking department stakeholders to identify sites of threshold concepts, but also to enroll them in a grassroots, transformative effort. To that end, we explore ways that the process of understanding threshold concepts serves as an opportunity for dialog that can kick-start the culture shift of the department. This paper will be framed as a literature review beginning with the seminal three volume collection on threshold concepts (edited by subsets of the team Ray Land, Jan Meyer, Jan Smith, Caroline Baillie, and Michael Flanagan), a search of ASEE and Frontiers in Education proceedings, then concluding with the Education Research Complete database for other relevant articles between 2003 and 2016. In this review, we will (1) summarize the theory of threshold concepts, (2) identify what threshold concepts have been proposed in both Electrical and Computer Engineering, (3) explain how the concepts have been used in curriculum development to enact change, and (4) discuss how the existing literature will inform our participatory design process in revolutionizing the ECE department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) play important instructional roles in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. However, current practices within graduate education do not reflect the importance of this teaching role. This missing support for developing professional identities that include teaching roles within graduate students is a driving factor for this paper. To this effect, we review recent literature related to graduate student development, provide background on ePortfolios, and suggest tips for utilizing ePortfolios as a reflective space for graduate students to track and monitor their own development as teachers and researchers. To that end, this paper presents a brief literature review of the current reflective practices used to develop professional identities of graduate students as teachers, researchers, and learners. The literature search focuses on two key themes - first, the typical professional practice of valuing research over teaching is explored and second, the creation of electronic portfolios is examined to determine their potential applications for teacher identity development in the face of this adversity. An electronic portfolio, or ePortfolio, is a digital archive or collection of artifacts (audio/video clips, text, and graphics are typical examples of the types of media incorporated) that represent its creator. Personal reflection on one's own work and the process of selecting the artifacts for inclusion are key elements in many ePortfolios. Findings from this review show that portfolios have previously been used in educational settings for a wide variety of purposes - among these are assessment, learning development, and professional presentation. Portfolio creation has also been used extensively for assessment purposes within student-teacher training programs, but only modest work has been done within a research-based framework for identity development for graduate students. Within engineering settings, portfolio research and practice has been mainly focused on the undergraduate population, not on graduate students. Therefore, our tricks of the trade focus on the use of ePortfolios specifically within the graduate student population, using it as a reflective space for development within professional roles. We argue that the potential uses of ePortfolios as a method for graduate students to develop integrative professional identities through the use of a narrative process would combine the theories and practices of teacher education programs with students in engineering disciplines; as these students are the future of the STEM professoriate, it is important that they develop as reflective practitioners who are able to use their multiple professional identities (in this case, focusing on being both a researcher and a teacher) together in order to accomplish the performance of professional tasks. Furthermore, the practice of creating an ePortfolio prompts graduate students to reflect on their actual achievements within each professional role, further developing their identification within those roles. Applying ePortfolio practices to graduate students can open a new avenue for future research into graduate professional identity development practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research being done on disciplinary culture of engineering students in different disciplines and how they perceive their majors. Topics include the impact of U.S. engineering education system on engineering culture for recruiting and retention efforts, and top develop more creativity and interdisciplinary fluency in engineers.

The article discusses comparative analysis of PhD programs in engineering education. The purpose of evaluation of engineering education is to increase the attraction and retention of students in engineering programs, as well as developing in engineering students, the required professional skills and competencies that are expected in industry to increase innovation in the globalized economy.

Teaching materials have evolved from mere text to multi- and hyper-media contents, leading to substantial growth in both information density and accessibility. One of the accompanying challenges with this evolution is the growing need to accurately quantify the degree of students' stimulation and engagement in this new environment. Game-aided pedagogy can stimulate students' interest and can complement their individual learning styles. It can also provide them with the appropriate amount of information density and accessibility, utilizing multimedia and hypermedia contents. This paper introduces a gravity model to measure the level of students' engagement in game-aided pedagogy. The output of this model is the students' engagement. Information density, ability of students to absorb knowledge, and knowledge delivery are considered in this model as impact factors. A multi-level web game was designed to enhance students' understanding of certain concepts in transportation engineering (driver behavior in dilemma zone) and is used as a platform for testing our proposed concept. Our objective is to increase the students' engagement and decrease the difficulty of knowledge-delivery. The game can simulate traffic operation scenarios and collect users' gameplay data using refined 3D scenes. Vivid scenes attract students and multi-level design increases the appeal of the game and thus can stimulate students. Gameplay data collected from users can monitor students' responses and gather their understanding of the delivered knowledge. This game has a "client" part and a "server" part. The client part interacts with students' operation and renders scenes, while the server part stores students' gameplay information and responds with different game levels accordingly. The client part was programmed with unity 3D and C# language together with HTML and Javascript. The server part was achieved by ASP.net and MS Access database. The output of this game can be used to assess the students' learning outcomes. The result of this research can be used to quantify the students' engagement gravity model's parameters, which can in turn be used to guide the revision and development of the next generation game-aided pedagogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the Rising Engineering Education Faculty Fellowship (REEFF), a collaborative venture by a research university and a teaching-focused university which aimed to support connections between research and practice and promote experiences in the profession for future faculty members. Topics discussed include description of the REEFF program, experiences of the graduate students, and professional identity development of the students.

Graduate students balance the roles of teacher, researcher, and lifelong learner at a point in their careers when they are transitioning into professional identities. We examine the roles of students in engineering, education, and engineering education through a quantitative survey to better understand their unique experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which offered a game-aided pedagogy to improve students' learning outcomes and engagement in transportation engineering. Topics discussed include the benefits of educational games and simulations, proposed game modules in undergraduate transportation curriculum, and results of continuum of motivation constructs in self-determination theory.

The objective of this project is to improve undergraduate engineering education through the development of biologically-inspired educational tools, expose middle and high school students to exciting facets of engineering through the lens of biology, and enhance the educational programs at New Jersey Academy of Aquatic Sciences (NJAAS). To achieve this, a junior-level undergraduate course was developed and taught at Drexel University's Mechanical Engineering department. The course was closely coupled with the educational programs at NJAAS. The university and academy collaborated to simultaneously enrich the education of middle school, high school and undergraduate students through development and use of biologically-inspired educational devices. The experience of all students was recorded through surveys, observations and interviews. The partnership was assessed through surveys and interviews with the academy staff and observations and surveys of undergraduate students. The results suggested that the course, coupled with a real world partnership outside the university, improved the experience of undergraduate students by making it more engaging and practical and helped the undergraduate students develop a broader skill set. The results also suggested an increase in the interest of middle and high school students in learning about engineering through the use of biologicallyinspired devices. The partnership also improved the educational programs at the academy through the use of biologically-inspired educational tools and enabled NJAAS to expand their curriculum to teach engineering topics. The collaboration helped increase engagement of undergraduate students in a university course, improved retention of undergraduate students in the field, developed a broader skill set for undergraduate students, and enhanced education for middle and high school students in Philadelphia and Camden school district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Product archaeology refers to the process of reconstructing the lifecycle of a product to understand the decisions that led to its development and has been used as an educational framework for promoting students' consideration of the broader impacts of engineering on people, economics, and the environment. As a result, product archaeology offers students an opportunity to reconstruct and understand the customer requirements, design specifications, and manufacturing processes that led to the development and production of a product. This paper describes: 1) the identification and development of assessment tools for evaluating the impact of product archaeology, 2) the implementation of the product archaeology framework during two recent academic year semesters in undergraduate engineering courses at all levels across six universities, and 3) assessment results with evidence of the effectiveness of the product archaeology framework. This project uses existing survey instruments, including the Engineer of 2020 survey and the engineering design self-efficacy instrument to assess positive student attitudes and perceptions about engineering. Our assessment plan also uses two newly-developed design scenarios. These scenarios require students to respond to open-ended descriptions of real-world engineering problems to assess students' ability to extend and refine knowledge of broader contexts. Emerging pre-test/post-test comparison data reveal that the product archaeology activities lead to more positive student ratings of both their own knowledge of broader contexts and their self-efficacy regarding engineering design. Analysis of the design scenarios (used to assess students' ability to apply contextual knowledge to engineering design situations) includes results from the Spring and Fall 2013 semesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]