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To protect plants from harmful activity of pests and diseases, more attention should be paid to development and establishment of environmentally friendly regulation actions. Conifer trees produce a wide variety of compounds, such as terpenoids and phenolics. Several studies on coniferous components fungicidal and insecticidal activity are known Since 2010, LU Institute of Biology in cooperation with Latvian Forest Research Institute "Silava" are working on the development of new environmentally friendly plant protection products from coniferous extracts against pathogenic fungi and pest insects. General aim of the framework of current study is development of new, innovative plant protection products for agriculture, thus facilitating the integration of science and production for sustainable usage of forest resources and development of integrated and biological agriculture. Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) processing waste products (needles and bark) of were tested. Different solvents (ethanol, NaOH) were used for extraction. Fungicidal activity of extracts was proven. During 2013 to 2017 several laboratory investigations (bioassays) were carried out to test the effectiveness of selected coniferous extracts against pest insects: Acanthoscelides obtects, Pieris brassicae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Myzus persicae and Schizaphis graminum. Different extract concentrations were tested, cumulative mortality were calculated. We observed low impact on Pieris brassicae and Acanthoscelides obtects larvae. Bark ethanol extract cause significant mortality of whiteflies and aphids. We also tested impact of extracts on mycelia growth of entomopathogenous fungi, used in pest control. The inhibition of intensity of mycelium growth, sporulation and spore germination was determined for the entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium lecani, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and. Aspergillus niger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different species of plant aphids can be found in greenhouses worldwide, depending on the crop and climatic condition. Aphids may occur in large colonies on new growth, the base of buds, or the undersides of mature leaves. The aphids damage the plants directly by sucking plant sap from the plant tissues and indirectly as a vector of different plant viruses. The aim of this paper was to identify the most abundant aphid species causing damages to pepper cultivated in greenhouses. The two year experiment (2015 and 2016) was set up in greenhouses located in the village Bernice, municipality of Prishtina, while the experiment design was set according to randomized Fisher blocks in three replications. From the total number of aphids recorded, the following percentage belongs to the different aphids: Aphis nasturtii (46.87%), Myzus persicae (31.14%), Aphis gossypii (9.72%), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (6.18%), and other non identified aphids (6.09%). According to the ANOVA there were shown to exist statistical significant differences with regard to the number of aphids species according to the pepper hybrids cultivated in greenhouses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]