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A new home industry selling food product that try to enter the market amidst of high competition in the business may have many challenges and limitations. Thus, it requires innovative strategic target marketing to survive the competition. The purpose of this study was to determine the internal & external conditions of such a business, to obtain alternative innovative strategies that suit the business conditions, to priorities the strategy to be implemented and to design a target marketing system that aligned with the chosen strategy. The result of the IFE & EFE Matrix analysis recommends the management to change strategy. Thus, Blue Ocean Strategy is used to generate alternative of strategies. Next, the best strategy was chosen using the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix. The result is the strategy to build customer relationships with specific customer by focusing the product variant followed by interesting packaging. Those become the basis to design the customer acquisition concept developed using the Sales Funnel Framework as part of the strategic target marketing. Consequentially, although providing fast customer service and fast provision-delivery are still the required strategies to manage decent quality standard, it become less stressful to achieve. Lastly, deciding clear and aligned tagline become a positioning that strengthen the marketing strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disposal of nonbiodegradable wastes in densely populated regions of the world has become a significant challenge for waste management systems due to the use of plastic composite materials in packaging. The demand for eco-friendly bio-composite packaging materials with biodegradable properties has increased to replace the petroleum-based synthetic polymers. Meanwhile, different varieties of food waste can be utilized to obtain biodegradable tableware. This study involves the production of biodegradable tableware through the application of pressure and temperature on the fruit peel or other alternative resources as substitutes. As a result, the utilization of a hot-pressing apparatus is imperative. An assessment was made on the effectiveness of a semi-automatic hydraulic hot-pressing machine in creating biodegradable cutlery from alternative resources. This hot-pressing machine was created through a literature review, working drawings, manufacturing design, and functional testing. Through the utilization of a hydraulic mechanism, the machine can apply a pressing force of up to 5 tons and generating temperatures of up to 120°C. The contact time can be adjusted up to 60 mins with a heater cross-sectional area of 200 cm2. In addition, this hot-pressing machine can produce tableware in accordance with exact specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilayered packaging (MLP) waste is one of Indonesia's most plastic waste types. MLP have various composition, ranges from paper to plastics to metals, and short lifespan making their waste management became harder. Here we present an innovative method to recycle multilayered packaging waste as a paving block. This can assist in providing a recycling process options on reducing the negative impact of MLP waste to the environment. Shredded MLP waste is mixed with shredded polyethylene (PE) bag waste then the mixture is processed by the hot press at 240°C. Six formulas were used to mold the paving block, and the weight ratio of PE to MLP were varied from 0.33 to 3. Paving blocks were tested for their compression strength, according to ASTM D695, to investigate the effect of MLP addition on compressive properties and its compliance to the compressive requirement from SNI 03-0691-1996. According to ASTM D792 and SNI 03-0691-1996, the density and water absorption tests were conducted to support the investigation. MLP Increment increases the compression strength and influences the density. MLP can act as binder and filler, thus filling the void inside the paving block and increasing compression strength. From the obtained results it can be concluded that LDPE_MLP (75) paving block can follow the SNI minimum requirement, in term of compression strength (50.4 MPa) and water absorption (9.95%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent phenomenon where people are increasingly concerned with appearance and how they look, leads to the increase of cosmetics and skincare consumption, especially in big cities among young people. Consequently, the waste generated from the products packaging, which mostly are made of plastic, paper, glass, and aluminium, are also increasing. To minimize the environmental burden caused by this packaging waste, the participation of consumers in the 3R (Reduce Reuse Recycle) activities of the product packaging they use plays an important role. This research aimed to identify the role of consumers participation in reducing waste generation and the factors affecting their intention is also analyzed. This research was conducted in Surabaya involving respondents from university students with the age range of 16-30 years old. Secondary data from literature and primary data from the online survey were collected to complete this study. Participation intention was examined according to the Theory of Planned Behavior by Ajzen with the three factors being analyzed which are attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control. Through online questionnaires distributed using the Zoho survey, the data of cosmetic packaging waste generation rate and composition was obtained. Furthermore, the designed questionnaire also revealed the factors that most influence students' participation intention. The data were analyzed using various tests such as validity, reliability, Likert scale, and Spearmen rank correlation tests to identify the correlation between variables and determine the greatest influence. The cosmetics packaging waste was found to be generated at the rate of 1 package/person/month for skincare product, and 0.3 package/person/month for makeup product. Materials used for the package were mostly bottles and palettes made of plastics especially PET. The factor that has the greatest influence on students' intention on participating in cosmetic waste reduction was found to be perceived behavior control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recyclability of plastic components has become an important objective in the product development process of packaging and technical products. Especially for multi-component parts which are processed via overmolding technology, mechanical recycling shows several challenges regarding separation, sorting, and the following treatment in recycling plants. Combining different functions in one process step or saving costs by reducing the amount of expensive high-performance thermoplastics are two of possible advantages using multi-component parts. In the context of electric mobility and lightweight engineering, multi-material mixes are very important due to a variety of requirements that cannot be met by a single material. At the end-of-life stage, multi-component parts are mostly thermally disposed of because the substance-to-substance bond of two different types of plastic makes mechanical recycling difficult. A separation of the different materials in such components has to be done to get pure materials for the further recycling process. In this study, the adhesion of plastic materials, which are processed by overmolding, is investigated by using the temperature during testing the bond strength as the main parameter for a simulated separation process. The idea is to conduct the separation process in a hot washing unit in common recycling plants. The bond strength is tested by applying normal, shear, and peel stress to the samples. The temperature is varied from ambient conditions up to 110 °C. The results show a decrease in bond strength for the tested material combinations. A further approach to produce multi-component parts with better recyclability is to use an intermediate layer out of an additional plastic material that shows good adhesion to both main materials. In a recycling process, the two components can be separated by melting the intermediate layer and shearing the parts in recycling machines. The results show the basic feasibility of this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the food industries a significant aspect of several products is the package system. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a tool that can guide the company to recognize and to identify the customer' needs to be transformed into diverse forms of planning and strategy business that would be able to offer to the continuous improvement of a given product or service produced. QFD also can help in developing packaging systems by improving packaging components or the package itself. One part of the famous food industries in Yogyakarta, Indonesia is the XYZ Noodles restaurant that sells noodles with a certain level of spiciness. The packaging of XYZ Noodles restaurant is using Styrofoam that harms health and the environment. Also, the packaging of XYZ Noodles restaurant does not have enough information for consumers. This resulted in many consumers have less knowledge to the identity and information of the XYZ Noodles restaurant's product. Therefore, this research is aimed to study in designing the packaging of the XYZ Noodles restaurant for better introduction of the product as well as the safety in delivering and consumption to reduce the level of environmental pollution using Quality Function Deployment (QFD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic in the environment poses significant problems for the present, as well as for future generations. The consequences and the exposure of living organisms to plastic pollution are not yet fully understand. The risks to health, environment and climate, due to the ubiquity and persistence of plastic are of great interest. The current study analyzes the perception of the Romanians regarding plastic pollution, in order to determine any pro-recycling behaviour of the local people and to recommend specific actions to reduce plastic pollution and the environmental risks associated with the studied region. The population is an important agent in waste management, in addition to local and central authorities, sanitation and recycling companies and/or public institutions. In order to achieve our goals, we developed a questionnaire that includes a series of questions related to people's behaviour, knowledge, perceptions and feelings about waste management in relation to the environment, reducing single-use plastic and plastic hazards. The results demonstrated that 95.6% of the interviewees agreed that the use of plastic bags is harmful to the environment, 87.9% consider that plastic packaging of some products is sometimes unnecessary, 88.5% believe that recycling is the solution for removing plastic from the environment, and only 59.3% believe that the sanitation company is able to collect the waste selectively. The average of the answers related to the use of recyclable packaging shows that people are more and more concerned about the packaging of the purchased products, their recyclability, and the risks posed by plastic in the environment. Based on the people's responses and willingness to get involved in reducing environmental plastic pollution, some measures adapted to the region have been recommended as useful for increasing the plastic recycling rate and reducing risks to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to select an optimal recycling mode of express package and provide suggestion for Yunnan University. There are two recycling methods in the campus; Cainiao courier station and campus garbage sorting recycling mode. Then, two major factors were derived through literature reviews which comprises of subjective factor and objective factor. Subjective factors compose of consumer recycling awareness and convenience of packaging recycling. Moreover, factors concern with objective factors are recovery cost, unified packaging standard, incentive policies, recycling channels, and intelligent management of packaging recycling. After extracting all the factors, the interview questions were designed based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and interviewed experts for rating the score. The pairwise comparison was computed given the result of Cainiao courier station recycling mode (0.83) and campus garbage sorting (0.15). The result shown that Cainiao courier station recycling mode is the best candidate for recycling method in the campus. In addition, weight of all factors are recycling awareness (0.39), incentive policies (0.14), Convenience of packaging recycling (0.19), recovery cost (0.12), unified packaging standard (0.04), recycling channels (0.09) and intelligent management of packaging recycling (0.03), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Commission aims at making Europe climate neutral in 2050 through a set of policies assumed in The European Green Deal. In view of this important goal, the main purpose of this research paper was to highlight how the European Union Member States have progressed towards becoming climate neutral, especially focusing on two key factors: the recycling rate of municipal waste and the amount of recycled bio-waste per capita. Based on the previously mentioned indicators, a cross-sectional econometric model was designed which indicates that 63.62% of the variation of the recycling rate of municipal waste is explained by the variation of the recycled bio-waste per capita. Therefore, in order to meet one of the targets of the Waste Framework Directive -- reaching a recycling rate of municipal waste of 50% by 2020, the results of this study are meant to encourage recycling, as each contribution counts towards consolidating the desirable greener economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on plastics polymer packaging waste research has been carried out in Citizen Association at Kampong Melayu by conducting counseling, sorting waste with two sorting containers, and sorting plastic for 8 days. The study with the Survey Method was conducted in East Jakarta, with a total sample of n = 61 houses chosen randomly. The findings are as follows that obtaining 0.02 kg plastics packaging waste per person per day consisting of, food and drink 16 types and 3 types of waste products in the form of disposable shopping bags whose plastic consists of plastic polymers cannot be decomposed naturally. With producers more attention to their waste, the completion of waste management can be done according to waste management policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible plastic films from food packaging trays make up one of the largest fractions of the plastic waste stream and recycling is one of the most important actions to deal with this fraction, reducing the impact of these plastics on the environment. However, the recyclability of multi-layered films is not straightforward and in most of the cases these fractions are landfilled or incinerated. Recycling of discarded mixed polymers without previous separation often results in low mechanical properties which have lead researchers to investigate novel solutions for recycling. In this research, the concept of microfibrillar composites (MFCs) was investigated aiming to upcycle mixed polymer waste streams. A blend based on polypropylene (PP) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) at a weight ratio of 80/20 PP/PET was studied. The final step of the MFC processing was conducted using a conical twin screw extrusion. The morphological results confirmed the presence of PET microfibrils in the composites, leading to an improvement in mechanical properties such as in the tensile yield strength and strain at break. Subsequently, the MFC samples were successfully moulded into trays via thermoforming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns’ is one of 17 goals of The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015. The target is by 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse and the key indicator is the Recycling rate measured by tons of material recycled. The aim of the research was studying of the regional aspect of municipal waste management disparities in Bulgaria. The progress for achievement of the Bulgaria’s national targets was analyzed for 4-years period from 2015 to 2018. The objects of study were the regions at LAU 1 (Local Administrative Units) level, according the European Union legislation. The regions with problems in municipal waste management were identified. The number of municipalities in Bulgaria with recycling rate less than 1% in 2015 year was 90 (34.1% of municipalities) and in 2018 year was 67 (25.3% of municipalities). The correlation between the recycling rate at local level and key economic indicators such as the number of enterprises, gross value added, turnover and etc. were analyzed. The analysis showed weak positive correlations for 2018 year at local level between: the number of enterprises and the recycling rate (0.216); the turnover and the recycling rate (0.194); the output and the recycling rate (0.204); the gross value added ant the recycling rate (0.196). The identified disparities at regional level in the municipal waste management are a base for studying of good management practices and their implementation in problem regions. The research contributes to the scientific and practical discourse in the decision-making process for the regional management and the regional planning in field of municipal waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a survey it was found that a plastic can be long lasting more than 4000 years. It was good to know that life of plastic is more than any other packaging material. Plastics, are versatile packing materials and commonly used by man but they become problem to the environment. Nowadays we can use plastic in road construction purpose. Plastic increases the melting point of the bitumen and makes the road retain its flexibility during winters resulting in its long life. Shredded plastic waste acts as a strong - binding agent for tar making the asphalt last long. It is observed that Marshall Stability value increases with polyethylene content up to 4% and thereafter decreases. Marshall flow value decreases upon addition of polythene i.e. the resistance to deformations under heavy wheel loads increases. Also the values of the parameters like VMA, VA, VFB are within the required specifications. Also from energy conservation point of view 1 to 15% of energy can be conserved by utilizing PET in asphalting of roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]