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Aim The purpose of the present study was to compare the levels of Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and Human beta 3 Defensin (hBD-3) in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and to assess if there is a correlation between this two parameters and the orodental clinical status in peri-implantitis. Microbial colonization of dental implants and infection of the peri-implant tissues can cause peri-implant bone destruction and may lead to implant failure. Inflammatory mediators of the host, such as IL-1beta, and antimicrobial peptides, as hBD-3, from saliva and crevicular fluid, produced as a response to bacterial infection, have an insufficient known implication in periimplantitis. Methods The study comprised 24 patients with dental implant (16 with 3 implant/subject, 8 with 5 implants/subject) which were clinically orodental evaluated in a private dental clinic from Constantza, Romania during 2016. They were examined after 1 and 4 week since dental implant installation. The PICF samples were collected by using sterile paper points which were introduced into each peri-implant site for 30 seconds. After clinical exam we quantified the hBD-3 and Il-1beta in PICF by using ELISA method (Alfa Diagnostic, Salimetrics, USA). The results were statistically analyzed by MedCalc 11.0 and for a p<0.05 was considered to have statistical significance. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for medical research from Ovidius University of Constanta and the signed agreement from each subject was obtained. Results After the clinical examination we found: 9 healthy implants (5 males, 55,6% and 4 females, 44,4%; mean age 47.7±5.46 years; PD≤3, BOP=0) and 15 patients with peri-implantitis (9 males, 60% and 6 females, 40%; mean age 53.3±2.70 year; PD≥3, BOP=1). The results show that there are high statistically significant differences between the level of IL-1beta (p<0.0001) and hBD-3 in healthy implant sites versus peri-implantitis patients (p<0.0001). Also, there is a high correlation between the level of IL-1beta and the peri-implantar sulcus depth at peri-implantitis patients (r=0.799, p=0.0003 at 1 week and r=0.765, p=0.0009 at 4 weeks); we found correlation between the levels of hBD-3 and the peri-implantar sulcus depth at our patients (r=-0.965, p<0.0001 at 1 week and r=0.700, p=0.03 at 4 weeks). Conclusions The relationship between the oro-dental status, hBD-3 and IL-1beta suggests that the levels of these two parameters can be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of the peri-implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present, implant reconstruction is preferred by the majority patients over prosthetic dentures. One of the most important problems than can appear after oral implant insertion is peri-implantitis. The ethiopathogenesis of this disease is complex; one of the major causes is the presence of pathogens bacteria, among which species of Prevotella genus is highly significant. The extent of antibiotic resistance phenomena in peri-implantitis imposes that the choice of antibiotics should be made after the susceptibility test of associated bacteria species. The aim of this study is to determine in vitro antibiotic resistance of Prevotella species isolated from peri-implantitis lesion. Materials and methods: A total of 12 patients (7 males, 5 females) aged 50-55 years, with dental implants, were included in the present study as follows: 5 with 1 implant/subject, 4 with 3 implant/subject, 3 with 5 implant/subject. The microbiological samples were collected by using sterile paper point, which was introduced into each peri-implant site. Bacterial identification was made by biochemical tests- Rapid ID 32 A-bioMerieux, France. Antibacterial susceptibility test was made by E-test (bioMerieux, France) that is a predefined stable gradient of 15 antibiotic concentrations on a plastic strip. We measured the minimum inhibitory concentration for the following antibiotics (breakpoint in μg/mL): Clindamycin, Metronidazole, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid and Piperacillin/Tazobactam according European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recomandation (Interpretive Criteria, Etest Quality Control Strains and Ranges, 1962B-2014/01). Results: We identified 10 strains of Prevotella intermedia, 4 strains of Prevotella melaninogenica, 3 strains of Prevotella bivia, from a total of 32 microbiological samples. The strains of Prevotella species were resistent to Metronidazole (R=4 μg/mL) in proportion of 52.9%, Clindamycin (R=4 μg/mL) 22%, Piperacillin/Tazobactam (R= 16 μg/mL) 11% and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid (R=8 μg/ mL) 0%. Conclusions: Beta-lactam agents with beta-lactamase inhibitors, such as Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid and Piperacillin/Tazobactam were the most active antibiotics against Prevotella species isolated in peri-implantitis. The most effective antibiotic was Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, because we have not identified strains resistant to this antibiotic. The high variation of antibiotic resistant level among species of Prevotella genus in peri-implantitis requires us to do antibiotic susceptibility test for the correct antibiotic choice at patients with peri-implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]