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In this paper we present the importance of upgrading power stations with numerical protection relays. We will study the gravity and the economic impact of a power system fault when it appears and it is not cleared by old protection devices. Also we will compare how an old protection scheme works when it clears a power fault with how modern numerical protection relays work. The trip decision and the actual circuit breaker open times will be compared and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work achieved by the VDE-group DKE/AK 353.0.1 Non-contact electric vehicle charging [1] describes some minimal design requirements for an inductive charging system dedicated to electric road vehicles. This standardization process gives the opportunity to implement a multitude of parameter combinations in a conform system. The resulting degrees of freedom are: The size and the shape of the stationary primary coil and the mobile secondary coil, the resonant circuit topology and the related control strategy of the power flow. This paper constitutes a survey of the possible parameter combinations and some proposals for the further development of the standard. In this context the intention of interoperability between systems of different technology suppliers appears as a central issue, which is addressed with suggestions for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]