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Mild steel is widely used in industries. So, it is very important to keep the metal in pristine condition. One of the ways is by using the acid-cleaning method which also leads to the acid stripping of the metal. Thus, corrosion inhibition is deployed which forms a barrier between the metal and the acidic environment. In this study, Musa Acuminata is chosen as the basis for the corrosion inhibitor. The concentration of the corrosion inhibitor, the soaking temperature, and the time of soaking have been kept constant at 500 ppm, 70°C, and one hour. Corrosion inhibition efficiency is recorded at 32.74 percent. Three types of additives are added to the inhibitor namely potassium iodide, potassium chloride, and potassium bromide. As a result, the maximum inhibition efficiency increased to 47.69 percent. The majority of the synergism effect has shown a positive increment of efficiency up to 15 percent compared to the usage of Musa Acuminata alone. The surface coverage increases following the addition of halide ions into the system. In a conclusion, the corrosion inhibitor is capable to reduce the corrosion rate in the high-temperature setting. This finding has also been amplified by the addition of halide ions into the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A newly developed biopolymer agarose gel electrolyte along with titanium dioxide-graphene (TiO2−G) as a photoanode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) was prepared and investigated towards green approaches and electrolyte stability. To develop a biopolymer electrolyte, potassium iodide was added to the agarose biopolymer matrix to produce a gel electrolyte system. As for the photoanode, TiO2 with different graphene concentrations was prepared. It was recorded that the bandgap was reduced from 3.0 eV to 2.50 eV with the increasing graphene concentration. The formation of agarose gel electrolyte and TiO2−Graphene photoanode were determined by the FTIR analysis. Meanwhile, XRD analysis was conducted to identify the crystallinity of agarose gel electrolyte and TiO2−G affecting the performance of the cell. The XRD spectra measured in a range of 2⊖ from 5° to 80° showed a diffraction peak at 2⊖ = 22°, 25.5° and 36° for agarose gel electrolyte and 2⊖ = 24.88° for TiO2−Graphene. The results illustrated that the TiO2−G combination improves the crystallinity and thus exhibits higher surface area and mesoporous structure for better electrical conductivity and simultaneously strikes the performance stability of DSSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Ultrasonic wave can be widely used for water treatment; however, the efficiency is low compared to the input power used to generate the ultrasonic wave. To address this problem, the coiled-up space metamaterial, a zig-zag like spatial structure that can amplify the acoustic wave by creating the resonance, was adopted. The model structure of metamaterial with the optimized parameters found by using FEM simulation was fabricated with a 3D printer in order to test the advantage of this structure. The fabricated structure was submerged into the potassium iodide solution, and we compared the KI (aq) dosimetry result between the solution with and without the structure. As a result, we found that the coiled-up space metamaterial can increase the efficiency of the ultrasonic water treatment by 41% under the resonance condition of the container of the target solution. This result implies that the application of the coiled-up space into water treatment can increase the efficiency dramatically. The result can be widely implemented into ultrasonic cleansing and cell death induction as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury and its compounds migrate between environmental components. contaminating water bodies. It poses a danger in aquifer systems: inorganic mercury. by the action of microbes. converts to its highly toxic forms such as methyl- and dimethylmercury. minor exposures of which have devastating effects on central nervous system. According to the research conducted in the Russian Federation. mercury used for producing consumer items tends to get into residues (29 tons). Almost 11 tons of mercury is released in soil. 4.8 tons is emitted in the atmosphere and 4.9 tons is migrated into waters. Mercury in mercury-containing waste is prone to leaching. that causes its migration into aquifer systems. The conversion of residual mercury compounds to the most stable form - mercury sulfide will reduce the water bodies pollution. We show that low octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) value significantly reduce impact on the environment. In order to do that values of Kow were measured for several mercury compounds to determine which ones are the most environmentally safe. To immobilize mercury in this paper. we analyze the reactions in a system containing mercury. sulfur. and glass. Glass is used as a common substance accompanying mercury in solid household waste such as thermometers and/or lamps. To evaluate quantities of mobile mercury compounds compared with its sulfide the respective methodologies were developed. including the examination of dissolution rate of elemental mercury in nitrogen acid in varying concentrations and carrying the series of experiments of indirect titrations using potassium iodide. sodium chloride and direct titration with ammonium rhodanate. As a result. the developed method describes recommended concentrations of the standard solutions and titrated substances. In addition. equations for determination of residual concentrations and the detection limit of Hg2+ ions were described in this work. Reaction masses and reaction products need to be drained and pumped; this study suggests using bentonite for this purpose. Low viscosity allows easily remove suspensions from apparatus and pump them to the dryer. The parameters for the preparation of bentonite-glass-water suspensions were selected. taking into account the possibility of such operations as pumping suspensions with appropriate pumps and pumping them into the dryer. The necessary parameters were such ratios as Tsum. (A mixture of bentonite-glass).Tsum-water.as well as the ratio of the mixture of sulfur-glass.in which the viscosity of the suspension in the Marsh funnel was in the range of 180-300 seconds (this range is required for the pump for pumping the kaolin slurry). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iodine adducts are increasingly being used as the drugs and materials with antimicrobial properties. Using them as biocidal reactive materials in the highly crowded premises, hospitals and maternity homes, can stop the development of epidemics caused by microbes that are resistant to common antibiotics. The iodine adducts formed in the lysine-iodine-potassium iodide system served as the object of the present study. The purpose of the work was to obtain data on structural-phase transformations in the genesis of iodine adducts and their thermal properties to determine the possibilities of using as precursors for new composite materials, in biomedicine, tissue engineering, and nanoelectronics. The research methods used in this work included X-ray phase, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analysis. The results obtained in the present work will be sent to the appropriate data banks for subsequent use in the synthesis of new drugs and materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an effort to more quickly evaluate the conditioning of our 18F-fluorine target and determine the amount of F2 that is released with each unload, a simple spectrophotometer was fabricated that aids in quantifying the I2 produced as a result of bubbling F2 gas into a solution of potassium iodide. A narrow range LED (470 ± 10 nm), combined with a wide range photodiode (320-1100 nm) were used to construct the simple spectrophotometer device. We were able to use this device to quantitate the amount of F2 released and obtained a good correlation (R2>0.991) with the values obtained by the 'traditional' titration method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination of potassium iodide (KI) and copper sulfate (CuSO4) as prepared solution at room temperature to produced p-type conductivity γ-phase copper (I) iodide thin film have been studied. The solution was first prepared by simple calculation of both concentrations and disolved in certain amount of water. Mixing both liquid produced CuI precipitate where then disolve in acetonitrile which resulting CuI solution. This solution then deposited in silicon and glass substrates by spin coating technique to make CuI thin film. In order to study further details of it crystalline behaviour, annealling temparature was conducted at 4 different stages which are as deposited, 50°, 100° and 150°. The results were examined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for their atoms arrangement within CuI crystalline, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for surface morphology and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) for chemical characterization. Results showed that the chemical compound tested were purely copper iodide element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A passive cavitation detection (PCD) system has been constructed around a National Physical Laboratory (NPL) cavitation sensor. This system, which has been used to detect the acoustic emissions when ex vivo tissue is exposed to a number of different HIFU intensities, can monitor acoustic emissions throughout an exposure. It has been observed that for the higher harmonics, specifically the 4th (6.77 MHz), the emissions undergo a sharp transition from a low magnitude slowly varying signal, to rapidly varying and high magnitude signal. A sonochemical reaction (in a potassium iodide solution) was simultaneously monitored with the passive cavitation detection and a correlation with free radical production (caused by inertial cavitation) and high frequency broadband emission (7–8 MHz) was observed. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1995, there have been great advances and extremely exciting results in the search for brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. In the formation of their spectra, the far wings of the alkali resonance lines, especially Na I and K I, play an extraordinary role. Model atmospheres are necessary in order to calculate synthetic spectra and colors and to derive reliable parameters and the atmospheric chemical composition for such objects. Using alkali resonance line profiles [1] and [2], the differences in the synthetic spectra compared to earlier results [3], [4] will be outlined. Besides the line formation process dependent on the effective temperature and the chemistry in the atmosphere will be discussed. For the synthetic spectra, the general purpose stellar atmosphere code PHOENIX [5] is used. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]