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The gas turbine has become a critical component in a wide variety of applications. The turbine's blades are regarded as its beating heart, and everything else in the machine exists to serve them. Combustion chamber exhaust gas at high temperature and high velocity affects the turbine blade. So, the purpose of this study is to evaluate how a gas turbine blade with different angles might improve its mechanical efficiency. The static and modal analysis of a turbine rotor blade angle of 21° is examined in this study. ANSYS 16.0 version is used for analysis and design in conjunction with CATIA V5 3D modeling software. To do static and modal analysis calculations, engineers use ANSYS, a commercial programme. Wind turbine blades are critical to the rotor's performance. Energy can be generated from wind using a wind turbine, which is an alternate method. It's all about the blade design when it comes to extracting energy! At high-wind locations, wind turbines can capture a significant amount of energy for use on-site. The analysis was done with structural steel as a raw material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicle crash analysis is final level testing in vehicle manufacturing. The importance of crash analysis is to see how the vehicle at accident condition by using FEA simulation process. FEA is one of the application is to find vehicle crash analysis. Now a days in research arrears to research different ways of working on the plan. In this work we are designed model of car body frame and using ANSYS software to analyses the simulation work. Any vehicle frame is one of the important part in chassis. It must also withstand different types of loads like static and dynamic loads with minimum deflection. The designed model is tested only frontal portion accident conditions. Here, for simulation of result in this result, aluminium and Glass Fiber Reinforced matrix (GFRP) has been used. Among different material steel is used wildly in car as it is economical compare to other material. The results have compared with alteration of material (GFRP) of car body, the deformation is more but stress acting on the cabin was less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the retardation effect of the engine for braking purpose, by varying the valve timing of an internal combustion engine to increase the compression ratio of a relatively low compression ratio engine enhance starting, and promoting breathingoptimization to improve the engine performance over the useful operating speed range. By changing the cam profile, the valve timing is varied by which the valve opening and closing actions are determined. This paper discusses the design changes of the cam profile thereby the engine performance may be increased. The engine used for the camshaft design is a single cylinder four stroke vertical engine and used for braking purposes. The very high compression ratio used in this type of engine makes it essential to be able to alter the valve open periods affecting exhaust valve opening and intake valve closing, whilee not changing the valve motions around overlap top dead center avoiding valve to piston contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the impact of blending biodiesel made from veggie oil refining sector Groundnut Acid Oil with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the efficiency and pollution levels of a diesel engine. Here, biofuel was combined with gasoline and MWCNTs. Experimental assessment focuses on the following criteria: particular fuel usage; brake heat efficiency; smoke density; hydrocarbon; carbon monoxide; and oxides of nitrogen. In this study, a DI diesel engine was used to conduct a series of tests. The engine put through its paces in the experiment was a one-cylinder, water-cooled, compression-ignition model with direct injection. Ultrasonication of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) mixes with fuel and biodiesel (B20). Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with 20% biodiesel mixes like B20EEGAO and MWCNT at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm with fuel powered the motor. The best MWCNT blend with 20% biodiesel is picked based on performance and emission parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timing belts or chains are commonly used in automotive engines to transmit crankshaft rotation to the camshaft and accessories. The chain drive is prone to wear due to the extreme operating conditions, resulting in elongation of the timing chain, which affects engine performance. As a result, a tensioner unit is used to maintain constant tension and has been shown to improve chain life. The steel spring material is enclosed in a tensioner arm and is pre-loaded, assembled on the driving side of the timing chain cam drive, which could account for chain elongation compensation automatically up to a certain limit, eliminating the need for a separate tensioner unit, resulting in reduced equipment size and cost. Timing Chain Cam Drive, Design & Analysis are keywords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In small scale farming, farmers have to input more effort for various agricultural activities to be done. The wheeled robots that are used in farming grasp more work from the farmers on uneven lands. Legged robots have more advantage to walk on smooth and irregular terrain. The problem has been acknowledged is that the wheeled robots need more energy to perform work on uneven lands. The solution is to afford a cost-effective adaptable vehicle which could be able to perform various agricultural activities on uneven lands. A six-legged robot is designed to navigate smoothly on uneven terrain with an overall dimension of the vehicle of about 600mm×650mm is considered for easy mobility purpose. This vehicle is then incorporated with broadcast seed sowing which is inspired from traditional agricultural seed sowing methods carried out by installing a hopper of about 100mm×100mm with an ability to carry half kg of small seeds to spread over the agricultural land. Also, pesticide spraying and bird repellent activities are included in this vehicle. The designed required torque for the movement of vehicle of about 16.43 Nm is achieved and from calculation of power requirement, a 0.12HP motor is selected for locomotion purpose. A spur gear is designed with the transmission ratio of 1.5 which is used to increase the torque of the vehicle. Chain drive is designed with a transmission ratio of 1 to obtain same speed for all the legs and to transmit the power of 90W obtained from the motor to the vehicle. During strolling they can move three legs all at once, hence leaving three different legs consistently on the ground framing a triangle. The main reason for selection of a hexapod is its extra stability and portability especially when climbing obstacles. US army investigation reports that about half the earth surface is inaccessible to wheeled tracked vehicles, whereas this terrain is mostly exploited by legged animals. The agricultural lands are in an irregular manner during ploughing and seed sowing. Farmers require more energy and time to do such activities which results as a tedious job on these lands. Broadcast seed sowing is a traditional way of sowing the seeds which requires less time and energy and also prevents loss of money. Even though it has some disadvantages by correctly determining the climatic conditions this method gives higher grain yield compared with other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this project is to create biodegradable plastics for single-use and experiment with the different methodologies of production of biodegradable plastic and investigate its different properties of it. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) estimated the average plastic waste in India is around 6.92 percent of municipal solid waste. It is also estimated that by 2050, plastics could already be responsible for 15 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. However, the main objective is to provide the methodologies to produce biodegradable plastics by using renewable biomass resources which will reduce the effects of plastic wastes in the environment. The project deals with various factors in the production of biodegradable plastics with a detailed survey on these factors. We hope to find an alternative to replace conventional petroleum-based plastics with biodegradable plastics which will be less harmful to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The braking mechanism is a crucial part of contemporary cars' basic safety infrastructure. The energy of the moving components (Wheels) is absorbed by the brake and released as heat into the environment. The disc brake is put under a lot of pressure whenever the brakes are engaged, which can cause structural and corrosion problems. Consequently, structural, stress, and temperature studies are all favoured when deciding which low-stress substance to use. In order to evaluate the performance of disc brakes made from various materials, such as cast iron and AlSiC, this research will simulate and analyse stress accumulation, structural distortion, and temperature gradient. The disc brake is built in Solid Works and analysed in ANSYS Workbench. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Super capacitors or Ultra capacitors have slowly become the next generation energy storage devices for the rapidly evolving EV industry. Graphene shows promising application in supercapacitors by having excellent properties like electrical conductivity, high chemical stability. This paper mainly reveals the study on graphene EDLC super capacitor which has a drawback of rapid discharge, in-order to overcome this effect graphene is synthesised and fabricated such that discharge rate is minimized. This study is also accompanied with activated carbon based EDLC super capacitor and its testing. Overall the performance and characteristics of graphene super capacitor was impressive and yielded best results compared to activated carbon supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project aims to fabricate an in-situ composite shaft composed of aluminum and zirconium dibromide. Composites with volume portions of 3:5, 7:5, and 7:9 will be tested for toughness and wear characteristics. The ZrB2 particles that formed eventually coalesced into the tiniest of aluminum matrix granules. The majority of the ZrB2 particles were located close to the grain boundaries. In-situ ZrB2 particles enhanced microhardness and ultimate tensile strength. Various ways of reinforcement were identified. The use of in-situ liquid reaction to create aluminum matrix composites is a novel approach to eliminating flaws in ex-situ reinforced metal matrix composites. The most common approach is the creation of composites via in-situ bromide salt liquid metallurgy. Using Al-3%, 5%, and 7%Zr master alloys in Al6063 alloy, in-situ composites of Al6063-ZrB2 were fabricated for this research. Studies have been conducted on the microstructure and tensile properties of in-situ reinforced ZrB2 in Al6063 alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research to produce and describe composites consisting of Al, SiC, Al2O3, and ZrO2. In order to accomplish this goal, the matrix of aluminum (Al) was fortified with micron-sized powders of silicon carbide (SiC), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in two different proportions: I Al90 %-5 %SiC – 2.5 % Al2O3 −2.5 % ZrO2 and (ii) Al 92.5 %-2.5 % SiC – 2.5 % Al2O3− 2.5 percent ZrO2. During the process of casting, the powder after being combined was poured. An examination of the material's microstructure confirmed the presence of reinforcements and their even distribution throughout the Al matrix. There was no evidence of severe agglomeration. It was noticed that the mechanical properties of cast composites, including tensile strength, compression resistance, and hardness were improved along with an increase in the concentration of silicon carbide particles inside the matrix. When contrasted with the cast composition, it was discovered that the optimal composition consists of 90% aluminum, 5 % silicon carbide, 2.5% aluminum oxide, and 2.5 % zirconium dioxide. Additionally, the composition may be appropriate for the production of Automotive applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer patients are more likely to have serious health problems and have a higher mortality rate. The primary reason could be radiologists misinterpreting dangerous lesions as a result of technological challenges with imaging quality and varying breast densities. Breast cancer early identification may increase survival rates. Mammography is a reliable method for spotting breast cancer in its early stages. A few of the image processing techniques required for the detection of breast cancer include preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Segmentation is crucial in the tumor's identification process, meanwhile. This review focuses in particular on several problems with traditional and typical methodologies that make use of machine learning and deep learning techniques. Using conventional machine learning methods for manual breast cancer screening misunderstood the erratic feature-extraction process, requiring patients to return for biopsies to rule out any concerns. Although a number of deep learning-based methods for precise breast cancer categorization and prognosis have been established, few have offered a thorough analysis of lesions segmentation. We have proposed a domain specific Deep Learning based Modified U-net model at the end of this paper. In order to offer a thorough analysis of current diagnostic approaches, this study also looks into a variety of well-known databases using the phrase "Breast Cancer." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homogeneous Charge CI Engine is a capable new engine technology which has gained a lot of attention in recent times. This is because of the relatively lower stages of nitric oxide and particulate matter emissions and higher thermal efficiency as equated to conventional SI and CI engines. This investigation focuses on the conversion of a 4-stroke 1-Cylinder Diesel Engine into an HCCI Engine. The trial set up consists of a 4-stroke single cylinder water cooled and direct injection Diesel Engine. It is modified to work as an HCCI Engine by using two alternative methods. First one involves pre-heating the induction gases before entering the combustion chamber using a pre-heater. The next one is circulation of the exhaust gases to pre-heat the air. A mixture of ethanol and diesel (E-diesel) is used as fuel along with air to obtain homogeneous charge. Results show superior combustion and emission characteristics when operated in HCCI method. Pre-heating of induction gases improve the brake thermal efficiency. Exhaust gas recirculation shows better ignition timing control and causes lesser NOx emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]