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One of the uses of Artificial Intelligence in education is an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS). ITS supports personalized and adaptive learning. The implementation of an Intelligent Tutoring System for the vocational study is still limited. This study aims to review the implementation of the technology and characteristics of the Intelligent Tutoring System for Air Traffic Control (ATC) Surveillance Training, considering ATC has a high workload to provide the safety of aircraft operation and needs holistic learning also in a good performance. Studies from 2016 to 2021 were extracted from databases and 33 articles were obtained out of 160 articles using PRISMA Protocol. The result shows mostly the purpose of ITS in ATC Training improve behavior and learning style, and the Artificial Intelligence technology the fuzzy base, and data mining is useful to improve learning performance. This study recommended fuzzy weight for cognitive level and Rule-Based decision-making for better accuracy of feedback to students in ATC Surveillance Training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamification is a new methodology that is used mainly in education and marketing, however, in recent years it has become more relevant in the training of personnel at a professional level. The objective of this literature review was to make a synthesis and analyze the cases of gamification implementation in training both at a professional level and at a level of student practices. The following review was based on the PRISMA model, studies were delimited by inclusion criteria, and finally, after discarding articles, 39 studies remained for analysis. The results of this investigation determined that gamification is an innovative way of training that promotes growth, the development of competences and teamwork. Likewise, it was evidenced that gamification was implemented more in the field of medicine and there is a gap of knowledge of the implementation of gamification in other professional areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses sports medicine topics. Topics include transcranial direct current stimulation improving cycling performance in healthy individuals, repetition-load and systemic hormone concentrations not determining resistance training-mediated adaptations in trained young men and the influence of sex on the skeletal muscle gene expression response to sprint interval exercise. Also mentioned is the impact of intravenous iron on systolic pulmonary arterial pressure in older individuals.

One of the determining factors for the correct execution of resistance training (RT) is the determination of the resistance, the fatigue generated by the resistance has a direct relation to the execution speed of the exercise. This work aims designing and testing a system to measure the execution speed of the exercise in RT using an accelerometer. The prototype was tested using a pulldown machine. The curve of execution speed of the resistance training was obtained using a mathematical calculation software. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We have developed a three-dimensional force display robot (3D robot) to discover and embody needs in rehabilitation site. Then we have exchanged opinions with therapists by using the 3D robot together in rehabilitation site. From a therapist' needs we have developed repeated resistance training system by using the 3D robot as one of the application of the 3D robot. On the basis of the results we have developed a simplified repeated resistance training system equipped with a user interface for easy operation for therapists. Moreover, we have developed a brace for fixation as the attachment between the training system and the patient's arm. In this paper, we perform the functional evaluation of the simplified repeated resistance training system and the brace in the clinical site. These results are based on the opinions from the therapist and the patient. Moreover, we verify the therapeutic effects of the repeated resistance training using the simplified system for a hemiplegic stroke patient. The AROMs of pronation and supination of the patient were improved after repeated resistance training using the simplified system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study evaluated and compared the peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and rate of force development (RFD) for the eccentric and concentric phases of 4 lower body resistance training exercises, including the back squat, deadlift, step-up, and forward lunge. Sixteen women performed 2 repetitions of each of the 4 exercises at a 6 repetition maximum load. Kinetic data were acquired using a force platform. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the differences in GRF between the exercises. Results revealed significant main effects for GRF both the eccentric (p ≤ 0.001) and concentric (p ≤ 0.001) phases. Significant main effects were also found for RFD for the eccentric (p ≤ 0.001) and concentric phases (p ≤ 0.001). Force and power requirements and osteogenic potential differ between these resistance training exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of instantaneous performance feedback (peak velocity) provided after each repetition of squat jump exercises in 13 professional rugby players. Players were randomly assigned to a feedback or non feedback group and completed three training sessions per week for six weeks. The relative magnitude (effect size) of the training effects for all performance tests were found to be small, except for 30m sprint which was moderate. The use of feedback was found to be possibly beneficial to increasing vertical jump, 10m and 20m sprint, likely to be beneficial to increasing horizontal jump and almost certainly beneficial to increasing 30m sprint. It is suggested that the provision of instantaneous feedback on movement velocity during resistance training sessions provides a greater potential for adaptation and larger training effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the differences in eccentric and concentric phase muscle activation of variety of muscles during lower body resistance training exercises. Surface electromyography data (EMG) from 12 subjects was analyzed for the eccentric and concentric phases of the squat, deadlift, step-up, and lunge. Data from the test exercises were averaged for the eccentric and concentric phase for each muscle group to produce a comprehensive measure of activation differences between the eccentric and concentric phases. A paired samples t-test revealed differences between eccentric and concentric phase activation for all muscles assessed (p ≤ 0.05). Results demonstrated that during lower body multi-joint exercises the eccentric phase produced 36% to 154% less muscle activation that the concentric phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the ground reaction force (GRF) and rate of force development (RFD) of the back squat at 3 different loads. Twelve subjects performed the back squat with 80%, 100%, and 120% of their 1 repetition maximum (RM) on a force platform. A two way repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects for GRF for both the eccentric (p ≤ 0.001) and concentric (p ≤ 0.001) phases but no interaction between phase and GRF or RFD (p < 0.05). No significant main effects were found for RFD for the eccentric (p = 0.09) and concentric phases (p = 0.38). Post hoc analyses demonstrated that back squats at 120% produced the highest GRF in the eccentric and concentric conditions. Mean RFD was highest, and trending toward significance, during the eccentric phase at 100% of 1 RM condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Local and systemic effects of high intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) in a population of older adults" by T. Moro and colleagues is presented.

The article examines the effect of squat depth on muscle activation in male and female collegiate cross-country runners in the U.S. The study shows that rectus femoris and erector spinae activity are higher during the parallel squat compared to the partial squat. It suggests that performing parallel squats must be the focus of cross-country runners to maximally activate the rectus femoris and erector spinae muscles.

Background: It is not known how elevated adiposity in obese individuals or abnormally low levels of adiposity in underweight people affects the size and strength of skeletal muscle. Resistance training is known to induce gains in both muscle size and strength (Erskine et al., 2010), while prolonged muscle disuse has been shown to cause a reduction in these variables (de Boer et al., 2007). Moreover, simulated hypergravity for a 3 week period has been shown to increase muscle strength (Bosco et al., 1984), while low-load, high volume resistance exercise has been shown to enhance muscle protein synthesis more than conventional high-intensity resistance exercise (Burd et al., 2010). Therefore, we hypothesised that chronic over-loading of skeletal muscle in obese individuals would lead to greater lower-limb lean mass and higher absolute strength values compared to under-weight and normal-weight individuals. Method: Fifty untrained healthy women aged 19-49 yrs (mean ± SD: 25.1 ± 8.7 yrs) were recruited to take part in this study. Body fat and lean mass were assessed using dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry. Plantar flexion maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque was assessed in the dominant limb using an isokinetic dynamometer at different ankle joint angles (-5 to +10 deg plantar flexion; 0 deg = neutral ankle position). MVC joint torque was corrected for voluntary muscle activation level (assessed using the interpolated twitch technique) and antagonist muscle co-activation (assessed via surface EMG). Results: Body mass index was 26.0 ± 7.0 kg/m2 (range: 17.0 - 51.9 kg/m2. Body fat percentage was 35.4 ± 8.8% (range: 19.6 - 51.9%). There was a positive relationship between lower-limb lean mass and MVC plantar flexion torque (r2 = 0.594; p<0.005). Moreover, total body fat mass was positively correlated with lower-limb lean mass (r2 = 0.500; p<0.005) and MVC plantar flexion torque at optimum joint angle (r2 = 0.332; p<0.005). A superior positive correlation though existed between total body mass and optimum MVC plantar flexion torque (r2 = 0.458; p<0.005). Conclusion: Our findings confirm that total body fat mass is associated with lower-limb fat-free mass and maximum strength in untrained women. This suggests that the antigravity muscles of the lower-limb may possibly adapt to chronically low and high levels of adiposity in a similar manner to chronic unloading or overloading of the muscles, as seen following prolonged periods of bed-rest or resistance training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]