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Some adverse conditions exist in the high-speed railway tunnel lining, such as lining insufficient thickness, lining cavity, unreasonable steel reinforcement layout, etc. In this paper, simulation of the typical adverse lining condition was implemented by using the simulation software GPRMax2D. The analysis of the typical radar images based on detection examples of a high-speed railway tunnel was described, and the summary of the features and rules of the adverse lining conditions was introduced in order to improve ground-penetrating radar data feature library, which provides the effective basis for the highspeed railway tunnel non-destructive testing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]