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The influence of temperature on the deformation and failure behavior of AZ80 wrought Mg alloy has been examined from 77K to 298K. It is found that the yield strength (YS) and ultimate strength (UTS) are increasing with the temperature decreasing, while the elongation is decreasing especial between 213K and 143K. Based on the mechanical tests, observation of environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), it is proposed that the alloy deforms mainly by slips and twins, but undergoes different mechanism of cleavage in the range of testing temperature. At T>213K, the alloy ductility is higher because the dislocations could pass through twins but pile up at precipitate phase: Mg17Al12, which causes the crack nucleate. At T<143K, the alloy ductility is lower because the dislocation slip are suppressed greatly and dislocations pile up at twins, and cause crack nucleate and expand along twins quickly. At 143K