Search

Copyright of Challenges & Social Responsibility in Business / Issukiai ir Socialine Atsakomybe Versle is the property of Challenges & Social Responsibility in Business and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is estimated that up to 13% of children have been exposed to three or more adverse childhood experiences. The problem addressed by this study was the lack of adequate and appropriate teacher preparation in the support needed to combat the negative effects of adverse childhood experiences which can inadvertently intensify the academic, behavioral, emotional, social, and health challenges faced by children exposed to trauma. The purpose of this study was to explore teacher perceptions of pre-service and in-service professional development training provided to support the needs of elementary students that have been exposed to adverse childhood experiences in “at-risk”, rural communities. Implications of the finding include the need for teacher preparation programs to include training on adverse childhood experiences and strategies to support children exposed to trauma, for school districts to gather input from faculty on in-service topics that are relevant to needs within the classroom, for school districts to provide more in-depth hands-on and proactive training on strategies to support children exposed to adverse childhood experiences, and on self-care to combat compassion fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of studies highlights that health problems in middle and later life are rooted in childhood adversities. However, less is known about the racial/ethnic differences in the effects of early life stressors on health. Drawing on the life course stress process model and cumulative disadvantage hypothesis, this study investigates the racial/ethnic and gender differences in the effects of childhood adverse experiences (ACEs) on chronic health conditions in later life and how health gains of adult socioeconomic status vary by race/ethnicity. This study uses data from four rounds of the Behavioral Risk Factor and Surveillance System (2009-2012). The analyses are based on Poisson regression models which predict the count of chronic medical conditions as a function of ACEs. Findings suggest that racial/ethnic minorities and women have disproportionate rates of ACEs compared to non-Hispanic whites. The ACE-chronic condition relationships vary by race/ethnicity and gender. In particular, the association is stronger among women and racial/ethnic minorities such as Asian, Hawaiian, Hispanics, and blacks compared to non-Hispanic whites. The health gains of adult socioeconomic status is significantly weaker for women and certain racial/ethnic minorities such as American Indians, Hawaiians, Hispanics, and Blacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family and immediate neighborhood social and economic conditions are critical for early childhood development and exposure to difficult or unstable conditions may have lasting physiological and psychological effects. We use an expanded version of indicators of childhood adverse experiences (ACEs) that includes multiple measures of economic difficulty and family structure instability to explore how ACEs cluster together in early childhood (birth-age 5). We use a novel method of community detection to characterize key clusters of ACEs. We further assess social disparities (race, social class and gender) in the prevalence of these clusters; and whether these early childhood ACE clusters are associated with depression during adolescence. Using a population-based sample of adolescents ages 11-17 (N=1334) and caregiver reports of 34 early childhood experiences, we find evidence for 4 key clusters of ACEs characterized by: family economic hardship, exposure to violence/death, residential instability and family instability. We also find significant differences in the likelihood of experiencing these clusters by race and social class (but not gender), and that some, but not all ACE clusters, are associated with increased rates of depressive symptoms during adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference of Daugavpils University / Daugavpils Universitates Starptautiskas Zinatniskas Konferences Materiali is the property of Daugavpils University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is linked to neurobiological changes and adverse health outcomes that persist throughout adulthood. ACE victims frequently use drugs and alcohol as maladaptive coping strategies, developing substance abuse disorders. Therefore, this population require evidence-based interventions to treat addictions, yet research on this topic is limited. Aim: The aim of this integrative literature review is to examine the effect of evidence-based interventions on ACE victims' substance abuse during adulthood. Methods: A methodical search of peer-reviewed literature was undertaken to identify relevant research. Seven databases (i.e. CINAHL, PsychINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Social Work Abstracts) were utilized, resulting in 34 articles that met inclusion criteria. Findings: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based therapy, community outreach, social services, and technological therapies offer effective interventions for substance abusers. Cognitive-behavioral therapy yields positive results; however, all offer drug abstinence and may be used jointly to facilitate recovery. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals must be aware of ACE victim's unique needs when creating treatment plans. Nurse leaders must advocate patient-centered treatment to promote best outcomes. More research on ACE-specific substance abuse interventions is required to promote substance abstinence within pediatric and adult populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study described characteristics of physical wife abusers on a sample of 467 men in Thailand. A past-year physical abuse was found 23.1%. Through a Chi-square test, physical abuse was significantly associated with young age, low economic status, seldom religious practice, low job satisfaction, residing in a small province or in urban areas, some personality traits, smoking, alcohol abuse, gambling, assaulting others, corporal punishment, animal beating, high stress, and physical illness. Marital characteristics were found to be 1) do not own a house; 2) power imbalance in terms of financial or sexual dependence, being more smart, having more emotional control, having more closed friends; 3) wives' communication of avoiding or silencing in marital disputes; and 4) being a mental wife abuser, or being a victim of mental or physical abuse by his wife. The abusers were grown up in a family of poor socioeconomic status or relationships, being physically or mentally abused by mother. The abusers had low prevention knowledge or attitude about wife abuse. Child-centered and family-centered approaches and marital counseling are essential for physical abuse prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is the first to examine racially heterogeneous associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) that occurred in the family environment and adult physical health. Our study is also unique in that we simultaneously explored associations between adult health and the total count of different ACEs as well as between adult health and specific ACEs (physical, verbal, and sexual abuse, parental domestic violence and divorce, and living with someone who was depressed, abused alcohol, abused drugs, or was incarcerated). Using data from 45,892 U.S. non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black adults aged 18-64 from the 2009-2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we found significant differences between whites and blacks in associations between adverse childhood family experiences and adult self-rated health and a prevalent chronic disease - diabetes. First, the negative graded association between the breadth of exposure to adverse childhood experiences (i.e., the cumulative number of different ACEs) and adult self-rated health is stronger for whites than for blacks. Second, while the probability of being diagnosed with diabetes increases with each cumulative ACE among whites, blacks who experienced a very high degree of ACEs during childhood (5 or more) actually have a much lower probability of a diabetes diagnosis than blacks who experienced no ACEs, even when accounting for access to and use of health care services. Third, specific ACEs demonstrate different associations with self-rated health and diabetes for blacks vs. whites. The positive association between parental divorce and diabetes is much stronger for whites than for blacks, and while parental incarceration is associated with worse self-rated health for whites, it is associated with better self-rated health for blacks. Overall, the results of this study highlight the differential salience of various adverse childhood conditions on adult health between whites and blacks, suggesting that adverse childhood experiences have a greater negative impact on health for whites than they do for blacks. Our paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for research on life course determinants of health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]