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In the entire world, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of death. Early detection is critical for effective treatment. A common and noninvasive diagnostic method for spotting cardiovascular disease is carotid artery ultrasonography. The research study developed a CNN-based decision support system that employed five machine learning algorithms to predict the cause of heart disease and achieved a 95 percent hit rate. The system has the potential to efficiently diagnose carotid artery conditions and facilitate the development of a multicategory classification algorithm for carotid images. The proposed methodology can serve as a standardized approach for automated segmentation and more precise IMT measurement. With an average recall as well as precision of 0.9422 for validation as well as training data, the CNN algorithm attained an accuracy of 0.9422. The researchers suggest assessing intima media thickness (IMT) of carotid artery in ultrasound images using CNN. This approach may help to detect and diagnose CVD more accurately and efficiently. The suggested method may considerably increase the rate and preciseness of CVD diagnosis and allow for quicker and more efficient treatment. The study has substantial ramifications for improving cardiovascular disease detection and treatment, which could have a big effect on public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indicator of the quality of edible oils is its oxidative stability. The oxidative reactions can be influenced by several factors (light, heat, oxygen reaction with unsaturated lipids) and by chemical and enzymatic mechanisms (autoxidation, photooxidation and lipoxygenases). These factors can accelerate lipid oxidation, decrease oxidative stability and cause significant modification on sensory properties, what lead to nutritional depreciation of edible oil and decrease in the shelf life. The aims of this study are to evaluate the oxidative stability of coconut oil and walnut oil during storage (12 month) because this has a significant influence on degree of oil freshness. The lipid oxidation gives rise to the existence of toxic compounds in the food products and contribute to the development of heart disease, cancer and atherosclerosis. The progress of lipid oxidation was assessed by measuring peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (AV) and total oxidation value (TOTOX). The low peroxide value signifies a high oxidative stability. The Totox value gives clear overall data analysis of the freshness of the oil; the lower the Totox value, the better the quality of oils. FTIR spectral data were used to determine the bands, which can be considered as the fingerprints of the oxidation. The results suggest that walnut oil quickly go rancid but the coconut oil keeps its good chemical properties during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis is an underlying mechanism behind the various vascular-related disease, such as stroke, heart attack, and many forms of ischemia. Due to its threatening nature, a screening method to predict vascular-related disease is important. This study intended to explore the differences of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) across patients with various combinations of risk factors, with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) as the baseline. We did a cross-sectional study with 33 participants grouped into eight groups based on the combination of risk factors. The study was conducted in Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia. We examined the right and left CIMT using doppler ultrasonography modality with linear transducer and frequency of 10 MHz. The first group consisted of T2DM only participants. The second group subsisted of T2DM and hypertension patients, while the third group were patients with T2DM and smoking history. The fourth group had T2DM and obesity. The fifth group had T2DM, hypertension, and obesity. The sixth group consisted of patients with T2DM, smoking history, and obesity. The Seventh group had T2DM, hypertension, and smoking history, while the eighth group was patients with T2DM, hypertension, smoking history, and obesity. The results suggest no significant differences across all groups. Finally, we conclude that T2DM alone has the same effect on CIMT compared to multiple risk factors, independent to age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary artery disease (CAD) has the highest disease burden worldwide. To manage this burden, predictive models are required to screen patients for preventative treatment. A range of variables have been explored for their capacity to predict disease, including phenotypic (age, sex, BMI and smoking status), medical imaging (carotid artery thickness) and genotypic. We use a machine learning models and the UK Biobank cohort to measure the prediction capacity of these 3 variable categories, both in combination and isolation. We demonstrate that phenotypic variables from the Framingham risk score have the best prediction capacity, although a combination of phenotypic, medical imaging and genotypic variables deliver the most specific models. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Variant Spark, a random forest based GWAS platform, performs effective feature selection for SNP-based genotype variables, identifying 115 significantly associated SNPs to the CAD phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to determine effects of exercise training (Moderate and severe) and alpha tocopherol on lipid profiles and organ weights in hypercholesterolemic domestic rabbits. Hypercholesterolemia (HC) and atherosclerotic lesions were induced by feeding the male rabbits the standard chow supplemented with 1% cholesterol (atherogenic diet) for 36 days. Experimental rabbits were divided into seven groups: normal (T1), HC control (T2), HC plus alpha tocopherol (0.5mg /animal/day) (T3), HC plus moderate exercise 40 minutes/day (0.5km/day) 5 days/week (T4), HC plus severe exercise 40 minutes/day (1km/day) 5 days/week (T5), HC plus alpha tocopherol plus moderate exercise (T6) and HC plus alpha tocopherol plus severe exercise (T7). After the treatment period of 36th day, blood samples were collected and total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol, High-density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, serum glucose, body and organ weights were assayed and compared with hypercholesterolemic control. Combination of moderate exercise with alpha tocopherol produced significant reduction (P<0.01) in TG and high significant decrement (P<0.001), in VLDLcholesterol, TC and LDL-cholesterol compared with hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Serum TC, LDL and VLDL (P<0.001) and TG (P<0.01) significantly increased when compared with normal rabbits diet, while, HDL decreased (P<0.05) significantly. Severe exercise group showed no significant change in all lipid profiles. However, the decrement in the above parameters was comparable with hypercholesterolemic rabbits in combination of severe exercise with alpha tocopherol. The results suggest that the combination of moderate exercise with alpha tocopherol can be exploited for prevention of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]