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In the medical field, the role of human body imaging is very important because it can provide a picture of the condition of human body organs that can show the severity level of an illness of the human body. It is very important, such that a patient must be taken of his or her body imaging before the next medical action to be conducted. Currently, human body imaging that is mostly done in the medical field is using a high-energy beam which can damage the body such as SPECT, PET, MRI, and X-rays. Therefore, it is necessary to develop another imaging technology to avoid damage to organs due to the usage of excessively high energy beam. One alternative method used is near-infrared optical imaging, which is less body damage effect, non-ionizing, less dangerous and low-cost. In optical imaging based on near infrared, the images are taken several times in different wavelengths. Each single wavelength is expected to experience different optical phenomena, such as absorption, scattering, and reflection or transmittance. Therefore, a different wavelength is expected to result in different image contrast. The image contrast differences of multiple images are expected to give us contrast selectivity of the object. The range of infrared spectral wavelengths enables good contrast and selectivity, therefore, it can help us to identify, distinguish and provide clear imaging of tissues, such as bones, muscle tissue, meat and tumors or cancer. The authors carried out the development of near infrared-based optical imaging characterization in the spectral region of 700–110nm to analyze the selectivity of absorption and transparency of light wavelengths in body organ tissues. The research object is limited to the palm and finger joints of the human hand. Determination of the level of contrast and saturation image processing is done by using Adobe Lightroom 6.8 software. This software helps in such a way that a good level of contrast selectivity can be obtained, therefore the image of the intended body’s tissue can be shown sharper. In this paper, we show that near infrared wavelength between 700 and 1100nm is suitable and very promising for visualizing parts of the human body without harming and giving bad effects to the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current study, The Mesh free method based on weak-form formulation coupled with the digital imaging technique is developed. This problem consists in computing the deformation of an elastic non-homogenous phantom by Mesh free method and converge the results to the measured deformation by the digital. The effective parameters on the Mesh free results are analyzed and discussed in 2D domain. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The quantum noise, intrinsic to the acquisition of X-ray images, becomes more significant during the processes related to fluoroscopy due to its low signal to noise ratio. In this condition, and if there is presence of motion in the image sequence, the use of temporal filtering is restricted, because it will lead to the generation of traces in the resulting filtered images. This artifact can be minimized using purely spatial filtering on regions where motion has been detected. The combination of temporal filtering / spatial filtering results in the hybrid filtering, which is driven by a binary mask of motion detection and it is obtained from the analysis and classification of pixels, based on statistical properties of the image. In this sense, this article aims at contributing to the methods of motion detection, presenting new analyzes in the sensibility of a detection algorithm and tests with real images of X-ray examinations. Preliminary results indicate that the filtering process can be improved with the proper choice of parameters of the motion detection mask for different types of medical X-ray procedures, which differ fundamentally by the amount of relative movement among consecutive frames and the contrast among gray intensities in an image sequence, in relation to the static background. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The various components that contribute to the noise in digital cameras are primarily Poisson noise from the discrete nature of the photons, Gaussian and Poisson noise from various electronic and thermal processes and uniform noise from quantization. Our experiments show that the photon Poisson noise is the dominant contributor to uncertainty in the raw data captured by high-performance sensors using in color digital cameras. This finding is consistent with previous monochrome work and indicates that research on denoising and demosaicking of color digital images should consider Poisson noise models as more important than the usual Gaussian models. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents the monitoring and characterization of emissive properties of soot particles in heavy oil flames based on pyrometric imaging techniques. The soot temperature is derived from the relationship between the primary colors of flame images captured by a RGB camera. The emissivity of soot particles is then estimated by using the gray-level ratio of a primary color of the image to that of a blackbody source at the same temperature. The soot concentration is represented and estimated by KL factor, which is derived from the Hottel and Broughton's model once the emissivity is determined. The imaging system is calibrated using a blackbody furnace as a standard temperature source. The measurement accuracy is verified by applying the system to measure the true temperature of a tungsten lamp. The maximum relative error is about 0.9%. Experiments were conducted on a 9MWth industrial-scale combustion test facility to investigate the impact of the ratio of overfire air to total air, and the location of overfire air ports on the soot temperature, emissivity and concentration of a heavy oil flame. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

As a result of recent advances in digital pulse-shape discrimination methods it has become possible to image mixed fields (radiation environments compromising both neutrons and gamma rays) relatively quickly with a single, organic liquid ‘fast’ scintillator within a heavy metal collimator. The use of a liquid scintillator has significant benefits over other techniques for imaging radiation environments as the acquired data can be analysed to provide separate information about the gamma and neutron emissions from a source (or sources) in a single scan. The imaging resolution achieved is fundamentally related to the detector efficiency and to the collimator geometry. In this paper the impact of using two different geometries of tungsten collimator are compared experimentally and three different materials considered in the Monte Carlo simulation, in order to determine the optimum set-up for mixed-field imaging. The measurements were performed in the low-scatter facility of the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Here we discuss the application of edge enhancement algorithms on images obtained with a Mammography System which has a Selenium Detector and on the other hand, on images obtained from digitized film mammography. Comparative analysis of such images includes the study of technical aspects of image acquisition, storage, compression and display. A protocol for a local database has been created as a result of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the design, implementation and test of a CMOS image sensor filter technology based on the exploitation of surface plasmon resonance. We demonstrate precise design and control of the spectral response of filters made in a single aluminium film. The film is patterned using electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. Unlike conventional filter technology for CMOS, all the desired colour responses can be obtained in a single lithographic sequence. We show that the photocurrent from the sensors has the required spectral response after fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]