Search

Interface bonding was critical in allowing load transfer and distribution from the matrix to the reinforcement without failure. These bonds may form as a result of mutual dissolution or a reaction between the particulates and matrix metal. Strong bonds at the interface are important for good wetting. One of the techniques used to create a surface layer on reinforced particles in order to produce good wettability is electroless plating. This method is frequently used to coat reinforcing particles in mixed metal matrix composites (MMC). The co-deposition of substances or particulates in developing films has produced a new generation of electroless particles, many of which have excellent wear resistance, high hardness, brittleness, and corrosion resistance. As a result, electroless plating has found widespread application in the aerospace, automotive, electronic parts, and chemical industries. Furthermore, this process is frequently used because it is simple, used low temperature, not dependent on geometry of substrate and does not necessitate high costs. The current article focuses on the effect of electroless coating on interface and wettability in recent years. Previous research has demonstrated that the electroless coating process improves wettability. Where the reinforcing particles are evenly distributed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroless nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) coating is widely utilized in industrial engineering because of its ability to alter and increase the surface qualities of steel substrates Surface qualities like as brightness, luster, and aesthetic appeal can all be improved using electroless nickel coatings. This research succeeded in the preparation of Nickle Phosphorus nanostructure (Ni-P) deposited on low carbon steel substrate via electrolysis process. Ni-P nanoparticle were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) examination. A XRD results explained a crystal size with monoclinic phase structure for Ni-P nanoparticle on low carbon steel substrate, and the diffraction peaks can be assigned with good crystal quality for Ni-P. In addition, the FE-SEM results revealed a small grain size of Ni-P With its excellent adhesion to the coated substrates, this final coating layer can be used as a "undercoat" for subsequent layers of coatings. The main objective of the present work is to improve surface performance characteristics by Ni-P nanostructure coating using electroless deposition technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver-Hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) nanocomposite was produced employing the technique of Electroless Deposition upon the sheets of (316L) stainless steel. Most of literature and researchers upon this issue have focused upon the macro and microscale influences of the composition of bath and the factors of procedure upon the composite coatings microstructure. Up to now, a few studies were investigated the effect of the composition of bath on the structure of phase, the morphology of surface, and microstructure; thus, the present study will compare the effects of incorporating the nanoparticles of Hydroxyapatite at different concentrations (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 g/l) upon the structure of phase, the morphology of surface and microstructure. Changes of the phase structure have been assessed by the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. And, the morphology of surface (the dispersion of nanoparticles into the coating of silver) has been studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Also, the chemical analysis of nanocomposite coating surface has been investigated by EDS analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current work, synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (3 gpl, range 30 to 70 nm) were discreted erratically in electroless Ni-P matrix for deposition of Ni-P-ZnO nanocomposite coatings on mild steel substrate (grade AISI1040). The total coating time was set for 1.5 hours and thickness of the coatings was calculated and it was set up in range of 12 to 19 micrometer. The SEM/EDAX/XRD methods were used to scrutinize the morphology, fundamental composition and phase structures of the coatings. The outcome of these instrumental studies reveals blossoming intense inclusion of ZnO nanoparticles into Ni-P matrix as white globules. The as-deposited coatings revealed mostly nebulous structure and while for heated coatings (200oC to 600oC in steps of 200oC in argon 99 % for 1 hour) it transformed from nebulous to crystalline structure. Further the well developed Ni-P/Ni-P-ZnO coatings were also investigated for corrosion resistance in peroxide solutions with and without chloride by immersion and electrochemical corrosion test methods. The results of the corrosion tests on well developed Ni-P/Ni-P-ZnO coatings into peroxide solutions revealed that inclusion of ZnO nanoparticles into Ni-P matrix influences the corrosion resistance upto a great extent. The phase alteration from nebulous to crystalline at 400°C of Ni-P-ZnO nanocomposite coatings further get enhanced corrosion resistance and it can be put in following increased order as: Ni-P-ZnO (as-coated)>Ni-P-ZnO (heated at 400oC)>Ni-P-ZnO (heated at 200oC)>Ni-P-ZnO (heated at 600oC)>Ni-P (as-coated)>MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at the feasibility of improving the mechanical characteristics and corrosion resistance of electroless coatings on low carbon steel specimens. In this research, it has been utilized to produce (Ni-P/ Nano Al2O3), (Ni-P/ Nano TiO2), and (Ni-P/ Nano SiO2) coating. Taguchi's (L27) orthogonal array has been utilized to optimize the corrosion rate, roughness and microhardness of nanocomposite coatings over low carbon steel specimen by electroless deposition method. Experimental models connecting the response and technique parameters to the findings of these experiments had been developed. The specimen's microhardness and corrosion resistance were greatly enhanced. The optimum parameters level predicted in (S/N) optimization for minimize values of surface roughness, corrosion rate and for maximize value of microhardness are (A1B2C2), (A1B2C1) and (A1B1C2) respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Titania nanotubes thin films have been prepared by electrochemical anodization of Ti foil at room temperature, then PdNPs and PtNPs doped on TiO2 nanotube arrays at different deposition ratios (0.3, 0.5wt%) were carried out by electroless deposition. The mean size, shape, elemental composition of the titanium dioxide nanotubes and platinum deposited on it were evaluated by different techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD),and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques. From the results indicate, these tubes are well aligned and organized into high-density uniform arrays. The SEM diameters of these TiO2 nanotubes 79 nm and tube lengths are about in the range 2-4 µm, while the diameters forPdNPs\TiO2NT and PtNPs\TiO2NT range from (84 to 102) nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this work aim to prepare Ni-based nanocomposite coating by electroless deposition method onto stainless steel (316L), where this coating technique represents an alternative technique to obtain coatings on the various substrates. However, the effect of the bath composition on the phase structure, microhardness and corrosion resistance was investigated. The present work will compare the effects of incorporation of MWCNTs at different concentrations ( 1.25% wt, 2.25% wt and 4.25% wt ) g/L on the phase structure, microstructure, morphological of electroless Ni–MWCNTs nanocomposite coatings. Where, the structure and chemical composition of nanocomposite coatings were studied by using X-Ray, (SEM) and (EDS). Ni–MWCNTs Nanoomposite coating exhibited much increased remarkably improved corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface engineering is a new growing technique which focuses on improving the surface properties of a material. In this research work, we have studied the tribological behaviour of Silicon Carbide coating on A-36 mild steel. The surface was deposited with Nickel by electroless deposition and then by Silicon Carbide by High-Velocity Oxy Flame (HVOF) process. The microstructure and wear properties were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX). Hardness was studied by Vickers Hardness Technique, and an increase of 70% in the hardness of the coated material was observed and it has been compared with the erosive behaviour of the material. The composite density was found to be 7.37 g/cm³. Slurry erosion tests were conducted by varying sand concentrations (10g, 20g, 30g, 40g) with NaCl (3.5g) for a time duration of 30 minutes at 500 rpm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have deposited gold (Au) thin film on silicon (Si) substrate by galvanic displacement reaction (GDR). After thin film (≈ 87 nm) deposition Si surface become very rough as observed by cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at ambient atmosphere produces spherical shaped Au nanoparticles along with a number of endotaxial Au nanonarticle associated with each spherical one. However, normal annealing at ambient atmosphere at same temperature produces continuous film which is also associated with endotaxial particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt-Hydroxyapatite (Co-HA) composite was prepared via the modified electroless deposition method that was carried out without the sensitization and activation treatment. This was followed by the strengthening of the composite via roll mill technique and subsequently, by powder metallurgy method. The composite was characterized through energy dispersed spectroscopy (EDX) and the microstructures were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hardness of the composite was also examined by Vickers Hardness. Based on the result obtained, EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Cobalt in the deposition onto the Co-HA Composite. The presence of cobalt deposition onto hydroxyapatite is confirmed via the EDX analysis. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the composites showed an improvement up to 400% as compared to pure HA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) thin films have been coated on to FTO and MO glass substrates by single step electro deposition process. Different characterization techniques were performed on to the prepared samples such as DSC and Raman studies. The Phase transition and weight loss of the precursors can be measured by DSC analysis. Raman spectrum is used to identify the functional groups and chemical structure involved in the materials. Electrical measurements confirm the nature of the film and also depend on the charge concentration present in the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wear-resistant composite coatings reinforced with Al2O3 nanoparticles (20nm) obtained by electroless technique are analysed in this paper. The structure and surface morphology of coatings with alumina nanoparticles embedded in the Ni-P alloy for different quantities of alumina in the nickel-plating bath (3g/L, 5g/L and 8g/L) are presented. Nanocomposite electroless coatings are characterized by optical microscopy, XRD and SEM. Microstructure of the composites has revealed uniform distribution of Al2O3 nanoparticles and the XRD analyses revealed the presence of some distinct phases (Ni, Ni3P, Al2O3). The incorporation of particles reinforcement in the deposit improves the microhardness and wear resistance of Ni-P coatings. The behavior of the heat treated composite coatings performed isothermally at 400 0C for 1 h was discussed in relation with structural changes due to the presence of nanoparticles. Wear resistance is analysed by comparing the friction coefficient for Ni-P-nanoAl2O3 composite coating, both as-deposited and heat treated. The optical surface morphologies of coating and SEM images of deposed layer co-deposition show that the degree of embedding and dispersion of nanometer alumina are good and depend less on increasing alumina content in the electrolyte. The amount of particles incorporated is greatly influenced by the particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt-hydroxyapatite (Co-HA) composites was successfully prepared by simple electroless deposition process of Co on the surface of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles. Co deposition was carried out in an alkaline bath with sodium hypophosphite as a reducing agent. The electroless process was carried out without sensitization and activation steps. The deposition of Co onto HA was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The Co-HA composite powder was compacted and sintered at 1250 °C. The Co particles were homogeneously dispersed in the HA matrix after sintering and the mechanical properties of composites was enhanced to 100% with 3% wt Co and gradually decreased at higher Co content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyimide polymer membranes posses' exceptional physical - chemical properties including excellent stability at relatively high temperatures (∼ 400°C), superior mechanical properties, and are highly resistant to various chemicals. Palladium is well known for its unique physical - chemical interactions with hydrogen. Interest in metal polymer composites can be attributed to the drive to produce a material with the savings in weight, advantages of flexibility, and ease of use in diverse configurations afforded by polymers, and at the same time incorporating the physical - chemical attributes of the metal of interest. The combination of polyimide and palladium may produce a nanocomposite with the thermal stability and flexibility of polyimide and the hydrogen separation properties of palladium. Commercial polyimide membranes (Kapton, Dupont) were treated with solution of NaOH and then thin films of palladium metal were deposited using an electroless deposition method. The samples were thoroughly characterized using FTIR, XRD, TEM and adhesive characteristics were determined using a 90 peel test. Variations in the pre-treatment regimes were found to affect the deposition of palladium in terms of the extent of penetration into the polymer matrix. Adherence of Pd to polyimide was demonstrated but will need improvement for application as an industrially viable composite hydrogen separation membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We formed conformal diffusion barrier in a high aspect ratio through-silicon via using electroless plating. Dense adsorption of a Pd nanoparticle catalyst on SiO2 assisted the formation of a thin electroless Co-W-B layer, and electroless Cu seed layer could be deposited on it. The adhesion strength of a Co-W-B film was enhanced by reducing the film thickness, and the maximum value was obtained at a thickness of 20 nm. The Co-W-B layer showed good barrier property against Cu diffusion to SiO2 after annealing at 300°C, although a slight diffusion of Pd atoms in Cu was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]