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The reproductive biology of Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche) was studied using insects collected in Quiahuixtlan, Veracruz, Mexico, that were kept under controlled environmental conditions (temperature: 26.9 °C ± 0.09; relative humidity: 69.75% ± 1.7; photoperiod: 14D-10N). The reproductive systems of both sexes—similar to those described for other species of Scarabaeinae—are described. Females lay two eggs each day. Their fecundity is 111 ± 15 eggs. The lifespan of this species is 30 to 60 days. Development from egg to imago ranges from 25 to 28 days. The three larval instars are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation (400-315 nm) is the major component of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches the Earth's surface due to the role of the stratospheric ozone. UVA radiation can induce various types of negative effects in all organisms including insects, such as oxidative stress, cell death, and photoreceptor damage. The objective of this study was to further elucidate the biological effects of UVA radiation on diurnal insects. In the present study, the effects of UVA radiation on adult longevity and fecundity in a model diurnal insect, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae), irradiated at different UVAexposure times and intensities were investigated, as well as the developmental duration and cumulative survival rate of the first filial generation. The longevity of adults exposed to relatively low-intensity UVA radiation was prolonged for both sexes, and there was a significant increase observed after exposure for 3 h/day. The results also showed that UVA radiation did not induce mortality under our experimental conditions. Fecundity increased slightly with increasing UVA-exposure times but not significantly. Exposure to UVA radiation significantly prolonged the developmental duration from egg to emergence of the first filial generation. The cumulative survival rate from egg to emergence of the first filial generation was significantly elevated, but only when the parents were exposed to relatively lowintensity UVA radiation for 2 h/day. These results will aid in understanding the biological effects of UVA radiation on diurnal insects and give new insights into the mechanisms of adaptation/resistance to environmental factors in insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the association between education and the fecundity status and the use of infertility services among the fecundity-impaired population, based on data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. We find the strong and gradient relationship between education and impaired fecundity status, and that association is even greater with the utilization patterns of infertility care. That is, impaired fecundity is much common among the less educated, while the more educated are much more likely to receive medical care for infertility problems. And, the result shows that educational attainment affects impaired fecundity through altered lifestyles and its effect on income and insurance status which, in turn, determine access to infertility services. With the growing number of the infertile population and enormous technological advancements in infertility diagnoses and treatments, these educational cleavages in frequency and access to infertility care should deserve more attention and be grounds for future research directions and pubic health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]