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This research paper "A STUDY ON SENTIMENT ANALYSIS TOWARDS TWITTER TWEETS OF IPHONE 13 SERIES" aims to study the public emotions and sentiments towards iPhone 13 series. This sentiment analysis helps to keep track of what's being said about iPhone13 series on Twitter. The tweets for iPhone 13 series are extracted from twitter through Twitter API using the secret keys. These tweets are preprocessed, analysed, and visualised by using the R programming. In this study, using NRC lexicon approach we conducted a sentiment analysis. By applying NRC sentiment lexicon, the overall sentiment for the iPhone 13 series tweets between June 2022 and August 2022 is positive. The sentiments generated for iPhone 13 series are related to the real time context of that time period when the tweets are originally tweeted. For iPhone 13 series people have positive opinion and sentiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

West Kalimantan Malay language has a lot of vocabulary in identifying marine lexicon, especially lexicon relating to fauna names. Research on the lexicon of marine fauna names in the perspective of the Malay language applied a qualitative descriptive method. Data was collected by using field observation and literature study methods. The results showed that there were 93 marine lexicons based on three samples from the Malay region of West Kalimantan (Pontianak-Kubu Raya Malay, Sukadana Malay, and Sambas Malay). The Malay community from the Pontianak-Kubu Raya, Sukadana, and Sambas area has a certain name for the marine lexicon, especially the names of marine fauna. The findings also show similarities and differences in the lexicon of names of marine fauna in three Malay dialects in West Kalimantan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentiment analysis is a process of judging people thinking, imaginations, thoughts, personality through their textual words, emotions, different types of pictures including emoji's, paintings and behavior etc. Sentiment analysis is widely spread in multiple fields and the deployment of the approach for judging the sentiments of educational sector stakeholders is barely a researched field. Teacher and students are the backbone of our educational system who works behind the improvement of the educational infrastructure and development of any country. Their sentiments while teaching and learning both affect the future of our new generation. In this review paper, we highlight different methods, approaches and tools related to sentiment analysis. Classification tools include Machine learning and lexicon analysis, whereas Statistical tools include ANOVA test, T-test etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Articulating how sustainability and acoustics fit together has been a challenge, with acoustics facing the image problem that it can't solve climate change or global overcrowding of the planet, creating a perceived lack of importance in the big picture. This paper focuses on understanding how the ubiquitous nature of acoustics is central to a sustainable future, relying heavily on acoustics solutions as a tool to tackle problems faced by humanity on land, air, and water. Sound provided humanity's first early warning system and listening from space is an example of exactly how acoustics can do more in its many areas of influence, when considering healthy cities, natural capital and the need to monitor and adapt to extreme events. Lindsay's Wheel has served acoustics well, explaining how such a broad field connects up, but it is in isolation from the central existential threats humanity now faces in climate change and determining what sustainable living for humanity means for the future. To evolve and expand the understanding of how acoustics can help deliver sustainable outcomes a new version of the lexicon is proposed, intended to aid the paradigm shift and acceleration required of acousticians to engage in the local and global solutions needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is aimed to develop an active control method for suppressing unbalanced vibration of an elastic rotor system via the utilization of active bearings. The active bearing was implemented by the developed control system to actively control the displacements of the bearing for regulating the bearing forces. To address the issue of uncertainties associated with the unbalanced forces and internal dynamics of the rotor system, the Extended State Observer (ESO) was utilized to provide an accurate estimation of the generalized disturbance that consisted of the external disturbance in the form of radial forces caused by the unbalanced rotating mass of the rotor, and the disturbance associated with uncertainties in the internal dynamics of the rotor system. Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) method was utilized to cancel the effect of the generalized disturbance, allowing a simpler control input implementation to the active bearing. It was shown in this work that the ESO was able to accurately estimate the disturbances affecting the rotating system in real time. As the result, the active bearing control system could reject the disturbances effectively to minimize the unbalanced vibration of the rotor system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Word: Aspects of Research: Conference Proceedings is the property of Liepaja University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines the cognitive potential of neologisms-colocations through their semantic features and mechanisms of formation. Neologisms consideration leads us to the mental lexicon concept, the functions of which expand over time to the characteristics of collocability, frequency of usage and contexts. The work covers the nomination mechanisms based on analogy, the process of transition of an expanded syntactic construction to an unextended form, which introduces us to the concept of neologism-collocation, which has signs of a syntactically and semantically integral unit that develops along as the language process develops and reaches semantic and structural stability. This paper considers the features of modern Internet resources that provide up-to-date information about neologisms, and special aspects of their inclusion in existing dictionaries. Much attention has been drawn to the solution of topical issues in this field – the subjective nature of the lexical unit selection, the problems that are solved by using relevant information and the opinion of the language community [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentiment analysis is one of the areas of application of text analysis and NLP (Natural Language Processing). It builds a system to identify and analyze personal information from textual sources, which are generally divided into positive and negative categories. Many case studies are chosen to measure the accuracy of the computational model of sentiment analysis. In this study, we use social media's perception of electronic wallets usage. The Naïve Bayes method was chosen. It can help classification because it is assumed to be an independent variable, and Lexicon is used to calculate the weight of each word. Although several studies have been conducted on sentiment analysis, none have used non-standard word correction. The use of non-standard word correction deals with nonstandard words such as slang and word abbreviations. This research begins by digging up the required data, namely the keyword electronic wallet. The standard word dictionary normalizes non-standard words, preprocessing data with four stages: case folding, tokenizing, stop word, and stemming. The lexicon dictionary produces positive and negative labels, and nave Bayes is used to classifying. The data used in this study were 3878 tweets, with a distribution of 70% training data and 30% test data. Sentiment analysis obtained in this study shows that Twitter users in Indonesia are more likely to give negative comments to electronic wallets. The results of this study indicate that by using both methods and adding standard word corrections and testing using RapidMiner, the accuracy rate for classifying positive and negative sentiments reaches 88.56%. Further research can add Levenshtein Distance normalization to the classification results to better influence the accuracy value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are a group of Engineering Education Research (EER) graduate students in Canada, where EER is a relatively nascent field of study. As such, we often find ourselves explaining the nature of the discipline to non-EER individuals or organizations. A key issue is that the audience usually includes peers in engineering or granting agencies associated with engineering who may lack an understanding of the lexicon and epistemological approaches used within EER. If we want their support, we need their understanding. Thus, over time, we developed an ad-hoc accessible EER definition that helped describe the breadth and importance of the discipline to our non-EER colleagues. Similar to an elevator pitch, our serendipitously developed definition starts with a general description of EER, adds the focus of our individual research, and optionally finishes with how the intended audience can provide support. All of this in a memorable, understandable, and comprehensive manner. Since initially developing our pitch, we have reviewed and updated our definition following an engineering design cycle by integrating stakeholder feedback into the definition. In addition to presenting our definition, we discuss how this exercise has improved our understanding of EER, as well as potential future work in this area. The goal of this philosophical paper is to share our current definition of EER with others in the EER discipline in order to refine and examine this definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 2001 Quadrennial U.S. Defense Review, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld announced that the Department of Defense would henceforth use capabilitiesbased planning to guide the development of the armed forces. The popularity of the idea spread to many allied countries that also embraced the concept. However, the successful implementation of the method has been hindered by a number of factors: lack of an agreed lexicon, confusion in many defense organizations to the degree to which "threats" are used, inattention to policy priorities, heavy institutional analytical requirements, and a lack of acknowledgement of the importance money must play in any planning system. The paper concludes that whilst elements of the method are well-suited to providing objective data in support of senior leadership's decision-making; alone, it is insufficient to drive planning, which is inherently a political process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore the use of emotions in the Portuguese political parties' (with a seat in the Portuguese Parliament) communication as expressed by their official Twitter accounts, as of March 2020. The chosen period of our investigation is particularly interesting because political parties had a chance to communicate their views during a pandemic situation and over a period of one year. These views include possible solutions to face the crisis and their comments on the development of the whole situation. Using a standard lexicon we classified the amount of particular emotions in different tweets. Using this method we plotted the average positivity and negativity along time per party. We also analyzed the impact of each emotion to classify positivity using the present corpus. Finally, we considered some important words regarding the pandemic and their average positivity score. The analysis allows us to identify different approaches to participation in social media according to different strategies, more than political ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annotated corpora allow researchers to carry out studies that include linguistic phenomenona such as grammatical categories or even knowledge by means of semantic annotation. Semantic annotation in corpus linguistics is often included into every lexical unit of the corpus using a word labelling tool. Resources such as lexicons or ontologies are very useful for this purpose. However, current sizes of these resources for languages different from English are not always appropriate. This paper proves that an updated version of an existing NLP baseline can be extended for different domains and, as a consequence, it is able to improve Spanish token accuracy by up to 30% in comparison with using only a small lexicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telepractice is an example of a barrier in the communication channel between the speaker and the listener who use a digital device. The study examined the effect of telepractice on the prosodic and lexical characteristics of the provider, caregiver, and child speech during clinician-directed auditory rehabilitation. One provider and seven caregiver-child dyads with deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children participated in one 30-minute in-person and one sequential tele-intervention session. Mean pitch, pitch range, utterance duration, speech rate, and mean length of utterance (MLU) were measured in 30 utterances produced by each participant per session. The provider and DHH children increased their pitch range when addressing each other in the tele-compared to the in-person session. The provider increased mean pitch when addressing the child in the tele-compared to the in-person session. Mothers produced higher speech rate, longer utterance duration, and higher MLU when addressing their children in the in-person than tele-session. The results suggest that the provider and the children modify prosodic characteristics of their speech as a result of the transmission degradation of speech signal due to telepractice. The effect of technoference, interruptions to the social interaction between speakers, on lexical characteristics of the caregiver speech was identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within studying the translation of texts from English into Russian, the main attention is paid to grammatical categories. The interest to the problem of transformation and their comprehensive study does not weaken and does not stop from the part of the supporters of globalization, economic and ethno cultural exchange. It should be noted that for successful translation from English into Russian, there is always a change in word order or grammatical transformation. Grammatical transformation is a change in the structure of a sentence within translation from the original language in order to transfer its meaning to the language of translation. It should be noted that the achievement of equivalence in the translation occurs through transformation. Translation transformations in the process of modeling translation are complex, including transformations of lexical, grammatical and stylistic nature. The subject of the article is translation process from English into Russian. The aim of the study is to consider grammatical aspects of the English-Russian translation and their teaching. Sphere of application of the article is that the results obtained in it contribute to obtaining a more holistic view of grammatical aspects of the English-Russian translation and can be used in further mastering the grammatical structure of the English language. Originality is that practical materials of research can be used in forming of methods and schemes within teaching process, including the choice of the best translation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current theory of multilingual mental lexicon interprets it as a multidimensional network that exists in human brain and integrates units of different languages into a complex holistic structure. The network is put into operation by the spreading activation mechanism that determines retrieval of the necessary information during speech activity. It is assumed that activation in multilingual mental lexicon is non-selective: nodes of all the languages known to an individual can receive the activation impulse simultaneously and compete for retrieval. In the present paper the authors describe an experimental research modeling activation routes in mental lexicon of trilingual speakers: native speakers of the Komi-Permyak and Russian languages who are learning English as their third language. The method of chained associative test with the equivalent stimuli words in the three languages was applied. The research results prove that, though the activation impulses sent by words of three different languages can vary in certain aspects (their direction, length of the activated word chain and the type of nodes it includes), they eventually provide access to the identical lexical-semantic network that exists in trilingual mental lexicon. The occurrence of non-selective activation within this network is ensured by a variety of inter-nodal connections that join words of different languages together and form a multitude of diverse spreading activation routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the paper is to show the specifics of technology-supported mathematics education, both using computer technology in classical school environment and in an e-learning course. The survey is conducted within the frame of the international Lexicon Project: Analysing pedagogical naming systems from different cultures to reconceptualise classroom practice and advance educational theory. In the research study the authors work with the Czech Lexicon (i.e. a lexicon of terms in Czech with their equivalents in English) that was designed for description of any general lesson of mathematics. The question the authors ask is which moments in a technology-supported mathematics lesson cannot be described using terms from the Lexicon. Detection of these moments show which aspects of a technology-supported mathematics lessons are unique and specific and need to be paid additional attention to in lesson planning, when conducting the lesson and in teacher training. The methodology used for detection of these moments was analogical to methodology of creation of the original, general Lexicon. The analyzed material consisted of three video recordings of mathematics lessons from the Lexicon set of recordings where technological devices were used at least in a part of the lesson and field notes from preparation, conduction and observation of an e-learning mathematics set of activities (considered as one lesson). When supplementing the Czech Lexicon, the authors used open axial coding. The entries that the original Lexicon did not contain or did not use them explicitly for description of computer-supported mathematical education can be divided into the following two groups: Terms that are used in the original Lexicon and refer to use of technological devices in a mathematical lesson regardless of whether the lesson uses e-learning or ICT in "traditional" lesson; terms that are specific for technologysupported mathematics lessons with attention paid to specifics of e-learning. The newly included terms are divided into the following categories: Used technological device, Time span, Activity in a lesson, Way of use, User, Use of results. The authors show that the newly included terms do not ask for major revisions of the original Lexicon and can be integrated into the already existing categories of the Lexicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to analyze change of emotive value in lexical units of Russian language in modern discourse. To describe the studied material (lexical units) 1) componential analysis (the analysis of value of lexical units), 2) questionnaire method 3) the method of observing of functioning of emotive lexical units in the texts extracted from The Russian National Corpus are used. The description in aspect of emotivity of twenty four lexical units was carried out step by step. The conclusion on attribution of a lexical unit to a word, expressing positive or negative value, was based on the results of the analysis of semantic data of given units in various linguistic dictionaries. This analysis shows that the selected lexical units can be estimated as emotive, showing positive attitude towards a subject of the speech in more than 50% of all cases. The questioning we have carried out allows understanding the way the native speakers understand emotivity of analyzed lexical units. The result of the questioning shows that the native speakers perceive more than 70% of the lexical units presented for the analysis as words with positive value. A semantic shift in understanding of emotive lexical units by the native speakers of Russian language can be observed. The reasons of semantic shift in meaning of some lexical units are connected with "stylistic enhancement" [1:183], which is shown in texts of The Russian National Corpus. Some lexical units possessing approving emotive value (by results of the analysis of dictionaries and questionnaires) are losing it in modern discourse, in the other lexical units change in the meaning of the word occurs under the influence on non-linguistic factors: a lexical unit obtains new cultural meaning. The steadiest against changes are words in which the emotivity in the same time is the basic meaning of the word. As the use of lexical units having positive or neutral value promotes effective speech interaction, and use of lexical units having negative connotation leads to inefficiency of communication, our research allows solving a range of problems of communication studies, linguocriminalistics and method of teaching Russian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the peculiarities of information compression in the process of professional activity of a biologist (as a representative of the natural-science direction) and philologist (the representative of the humanitarian sciences). As the main method of research the semantic charting of the text, based on the psycholinguistic experiment, was used. The analysis of the themes and microthemes wording was based on the principle of matching/mismatching of the wordings with the words from the whole texts: we defined the words from the texts and the words from participants' lexicon. Different strategies of information extraction based on the text compression in professional activity of a scientist are found out. It is established that 71% of the words used in the theme formulization of the scientific text coincide with the text vocabulary, and 69% of the words participating in the wording of the microthemes also comprise the words of the scientific text itself, which indicates the prevalence of contextual dependence and reliance on text structure in the process of compressing information in a scientific text. The situation is quite different with the artistic text: 14.2% of word coincidences in the wording of the theme and the text, and 33.1% in the formulizations of the microthemes. Such a result indicates a detachment from the context and reliance on personal experience and, possibly, a deeper analysis of the text in the course of the professional activities of the philologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to language characters relevant to the area of SMS communication done via cell phones, primarily to the influence of English on German language and the use of English contractions and abbreviations. It gives a brief overview of phenomena that affect the current German language. The main focus is on the influence of English and English abbreviations, which are common for SMS and other forms of modern communication via mobile devices, and on the influence on the language of youths, the so called "Jugendsprache". It mentions the role of SMS communication in the 90's compared to nowadays and it does not forget to mention authors and scientific studies carried out in Germany in this field. Attention is given primarily to the lexical terms and signs of communication of this day and age, which focus on clarity, quickness and mainly briefness. The latter is often accomplished by abbreviations and acronyms. Since English abbreviations used in SMS are typical of the younger generation, part of the article is also devoted to the language of the youths. It touches on examples of words that found their way from English into German language and the author also considers the issue of the level of language skills of the young generation and the influence of English on their lexicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers on social-media understandably assert that the contributions social media has made on various sectors is massive. Business development managers today have directed a huge amount of effort in strategizing efficient collaboration with both customers and other organizations using social-media. Despite the visible impact social media has made, a lot of digitally shared information is yet to be revealed. Gradually twitter has become the main hub for many Information system researchers, because tweets can freely be accessible in real-time by any one. Motivated by earlier studies where IS researchers addressed big-data analysis and management by employing content analysis techniques, this paper proposes a novel approach to perform unsupervised classification of the tweets into different labels. It introduces a unique algorithm that uses semantic similarity between texts, Term-frequency and a determinant threshold to perform content analysis. The goal of this approach to extract relevant features from a tweet thus reducing dimension and preparing training datasets that would be used to build classifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: Problems & Perspective: Conference Proceedings is the property of Liepaja University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sentiment analysis is a very popular technique for social network analysis. One of the most popular social networks for microblogging that has a great growth is Twitter, which allows people to express their opinions using short, simple sentences. These texts are generated daily, and for this reason it is common for people to want to know which are the trending topics and their drifts. In this paper we propose to deploy a mobile app that provides information focusing on areas, such as, Politics, Social, Tourism, and Marketing using a statistical lexicon approach. The application shows the polarity of each theme as positive, negative, or neutral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the development of a national lexicon for describing what happens in middle school mathematics classrooms in the United States. Using primarily surveys and focus groups with mathematics teachers, 100 terms were widely agreed upon as familiar to the teachers. The terms varied on a number of features including whether they referred to particular classroom activities or broader instruction-related concepts, whether they focused on teacher or student actions, and the degree to which teachers reported using the terms. Challenges experienced by teachers in the process of reflecting on their own language use are discussed, and implications for research and classroom practice are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we set out to ask three questions. First, does lexical entrainment with a robot interlocutor persist after an interaction? Second, how does the influence of social robots on humans compare with the influence of humans on each other? Finally, what role is played by personality traits in lexical entrainment to robots, and how does this compare with the role of personality in entrainment to other humans? Our experiment shows that first, robots can indeed prompt lexical entrainment that persists after an interaction is over. This finding is interesting since it demonstrates that speakers can be linguistically influenced by a robot, in a way that is not merely motivated by a desire to be understood. Second, we find similarities between lexical entrainment to the robot peer and lexical entrainment to a human peer, although the effects are stronger when the peer is human. Third, we find that whether the peer is a robot or a human, similar personality traits contribute to lexical entrainment. In both peer conditions, participants who score higher on ``Openness to experience" are more likely to adopt less conventional terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental lexicon is a complex system that reflects in a linguistic form the processes of cognition and structuring the surrounding reality. Mental lexicon can be represented in form of a multidimensional network; its structural units are nodes (fragments of information fixed in individual consciousness) and internodal connections (ways of these elements' interaction). Internodal connections can have different direction and diverse activation levels. The strongest connections are the semantic ones. They form semantic subnetworks that can be treated as analogues of semantic fields in mental lexicon. The paper tests the hypothesis that semantic fields (subnetworks) are interconnected by way of connections of their units. The method of directed chained associative test (with a chain of not less than 30 reactions) was used in the research. The research material is represented by reactions' chains received from 139 informants (the total of 4334 reactions). The material was processed in the "Semograph" Information System (semograph.com) that gives a possibility to create semantic classification of reactions with many-to-many correspondence between reactions and fields. The sequence of activating semantic fields in reactions' chains was analyzed. The received data confirm the hypothesis that mental lexicon units are grouped according to the field principle. In this context separate fields due to the connections of their units are more closely interconnected with each other than with all other fields. The activation of the fields' connections has a directed character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I Have a Dream, a speech written by Martin Luther King, Jr., sounds the clarion call to march towards the struggle for freedom, for human rights and against discrimination in the interest of the Negro all over the world. It has great influence on America and worldwide. And this speech which has its historical meaning only considering its language art is worth further analysis. This paper begins with a discussion of phonetics, using examples in the speech to create the beauty by choosing and arranging the combination of pronunciation. Next, the paper considers and, illustrates the lexicology in the speech, considering several characteristics, including the first person used, the word "Negro" used as well as the link-up of lexicon. Third, the syntax is examined, with special emphasis on parallelisms King employed including the parallel nouns and parallel noun phrases, infinitive phrases, prepositional phrases, etc.... The parallelism in syntax not only expresses the thoughts but also the feelings. And finally, examples of his genius for rhetorical devices are discussed possessing the essence of the beauty. It is an excellent example anyway and it is worthwhile for the English learners to learn from it. A successful speech should be rich in power and pay more attention to the artistic language. Only in this way the speech will be the excellent one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical narratives are typically produced under time pressure, which incites the use of abbreviations and acronyms. To expand such short forms in a correct way eases text comprehension and further semantic processing. We propose a completely unsupervised and data-driven algorithm for the resolution of non-lexicalised and potentially ambiguous abbreviations. Based on the lookup of word bigrams and unigrams extracted from a corpus of 30,000 pseudonymised cardiology reports in German, our method achieved an F1 score of 0.91, evaluated with a test set of 200 text excerpts. The results are statistically significantly better (p < 0.001) than a baseline approach and show that a simple and domain-independent strategy may be enough to resolve abbreviations when a large corpus of similar texts is available. Further work is needed to combine this strategy with sentence and abbreviation detection modules, to adapt it to acronym resolution and to evaluate it with different datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concept mapping is important in natural language processing (NLP) for bioinformatics. The UMLS Metathesaurus provides a rich synonym thesaurus and is a popular resource for concept mapping. Query expansion using synonyms for subterm substitutions is an effective technique to increase recall for UMLS concept mapping. Synonyms used to substitute subterms are called element synonyms. The completeness and quality of both element synonyms and the UMLS synonym thesaurus is the key to success in such applications. The Lexical Systems Group (LSG) has developed a new system for element synonym acquisition based on new enhanced requirements and design for better performance. The results show: 1) A 36.71 times growth of synonyms in the Lexicon (lexSynonym) in the 2017 release; 2) Improvements of concept mapping for recall and F1 with similar precision using the lexSynonym.2017 as element synonyms due to the broader coverage and better quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Conference BAM: European Guidelines for Cooperation of Libraries, Archives & Museums is the property of Association Information Professionals - Librarians, Archivists & Museologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper intends to present an alternative approach to contextualizing new military lexical content that could enhance vocabulary retention and productive retrieval by boosting motivation through an affective response from the learners. It refers to including adapted textual/video/audio input that contextualizes our learners' L1 professional linguistic reality right from the very presentation stage of the lesson. That is, in addition to using authentic/semi-authentic materials depicting the L2 reality (e.g. the British and the American armed forces), one can deliberately use adapted input in English, describing the learners' professional reality as a means of introducing target vocabulary. The affective reaction prompted in the learners by the tangible outcome of being able to use military terminology when discussing one's professional reality is a strong motivational factor and conduces to more efficient long-term lexical retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this article is to compare the structure of the frame "Educational Activity" in the mental lexicons of teachers and students - the social groups where people are connected by the fulfillment of contradicting activities but interdependent social roles. The research method is a kind of associative chain test, namely the method of revealing the actual lexicon. The qualitative analysis of the experimental data is based on the semantic classification of responses and allows representing the structure of the frame as a set of subframes and slots. The quantitative analysis made it possible to take into account the size of each component of the frame and represent the model as a hierarchical structure. The analysis of the results showed that the structure of the frame "Educational Activity" in the mental lexicon of teachers and students is not quite the same: the core of the students' frame "Educational Activity" contains more subframes than that of the teachers', the subframes' ranks of the teachers' and students' frame structures are not the same. The qualitative variety of responses and the structure of each of the slots of the subframe also vary depending on the group of informants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper specifically sheds light on the hip-hop dance or street dance scene in Singapore in the heart of Southeast Asia - a relatively new area of scholarly observation among hip-hop historians, academics, and enthusiasts. Hip-hop, is a subculture turned global phenomenon originating among the African- American and Hispanic youth of America's inner cities in the 1970's, has been gradually embraced by the youth of Singapore since the 1980's. Most hip-hop dance terminology is attributed to the Original Gangsters (OGs), hip-hop founders in the United States. However, while hip-hop dancers in Singapore mainly stick to the fundamental lexicon, some new terms found in use suggest the development of a distinct local flavor not recognized outside local dancers' private spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at stylistically comparing a selected excerpt of a Romanian contemporary novel, The Hatchet, with its English translation, laying stress on the lexical and grammatical levels. The study also includes an analysis of the Romanian text at the symbolic level. In the first part of the paper, Choice and Motivation, we will try to explain some of our translation choices and describe patterns of stylistic change which occurs during translation, laying emphasis on such elements as: parts of speech, sentence structure, descriptive patterns, constructions used for stylistic purposes, rhythm, insistent repetitions, the stylistic significances of several definite articles, as well as the use of unliterary forms of verbs and nouns, specific to the vernacular language. The second part of the study, Visual and Auditory Elements, focuses, at the symbolic level, on both the visual and auditory elements within the text. It deals first with the visual elements, at the lexical and stylistic levels, with a special emphasis on the auditory elements, analyzed at the lexical, phonetical and syntactical levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Language for International Communication: Linking Interdisciplinary Perspectives is the property of University of Latvia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Linguistic mistakes such as malapropisms (e.g. The doctor x-rayed my head and found nothing and The death of Francis Shaw was a major turning point in his life) are ever-present in students' papers, political disputes, sports commentaries, etc. They are also typical of inter-cultural communication, especially in public areas (e.g. public signs and hotel notices such as Persons are prohibited from picking flowers from any but their own graves and Просьба не беспокоить/Please do not worry.) Such gaffes, despite the high frequency of their occurrence, can safely be claimed to be one of the most underresearched areas of discourse studies. The present paper aims to draw attention to and discuss the generally-disregarded linguistic phenomenon of malapropisms. It argues that, first, such 'funny' language mishaps can be revealing as to cognitive process, and, second, that their analysis can be used in in-class activities. The paper proposes a cognition-based typology of malapropisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the process of creating definitions in the LSP dictionary. The project is an interactive web portal and is supposed to be a rather large, semi-crowdsourced, mostly-datamined dictionary of English-Russian socio-political lexicon. Socio-political language is specific due to its composite nature: while it primarily relates to the field of political science it also stretches out to very different fields of human activity. Moreover, ideological evaluation plays an important role in understanding and using socio-political words. The choice of a lexical unit and its translation equivalent in a particular context greatly depends on the political, social and cultural values of the society. The corpus-based dictionary project has been compiled mostly manually. The major sources of the data are both purely language-related discoveries and laypeople's conceptions and understanding. The definition includes the translation equivalent(s) and additional comment on the lexical meaning of the key word within the definition/translation equivalent, in brackets, to explain the semantics of the notion and show the difference (if any) between the English and Russian concepts. The paper illustrates the problems and dilemmas while creating the definitions and attempts at their resolution with the analysis of the texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with structure variability of the interconnected values "country", "ethnos", "religion", and relations between them in bilingual consciousness depending on the language of value representation. The research material is informants' reactions in directed chain associative test. The test was carried out with bilinguals (Komi- Permyaks and Bashkirs; for each group the test was run in two languages). Qualitative and quantitative features of the semantic word groups, representing the values under study were analyzed. Research results demonstrate that the values' structure and their hierarchy in bilingual language consciousness depend on ethnic group of bilinguals as well as on the language of value system representation. The work is realized by the support of the RGNF grant, project Nº 13-14-59004 a/U. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an experimental research of two functional subsystems which emerge in the process of bilingual lexicon formation: the mixed (L1+L2) subsystem and the monolingual L2 subsystem. The functions of both subsystems and their structuraldynamic properties are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents the comparison of document using WordNet-based ontology. The objective is decision support to the audit of information content in documents. This research uses the WordNet lexical to create database for measure semantic similarity of documents and compare algorithms for measure semantic similarity of documents. Performance evaluation of the Precision, Recall and F-measure are 95.24%, 83.33% and 88.59% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the term 'money' which covers a huge semantic group of the related lexicon in the field of economics. The terms as special lexical items that belong to the semantic group of 'money' may have the same or nearly the same, or even expanded description of the meaning in the special dictionaries of English and Lithuanian. Where as the composition specificities and the origin of the terms in reference to the functional variation of the national language are based on standard requirements. The investigation suggests the comparative study of the semantic group of the term "money" in regard to the characteristics of the meaning, origin, and composition that are found in some senses from typological, semantic, and structural perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses recent neologisms of the Lithuanian language as a part of general linguistic change, employing theoretical framework of lexical semantics as a basis for investigation of neologisms. The object of the paper is the database of Lithuanian neologisms in which recent Lithuanian neologisms are presented. The article aims at classification of main lexicogenetic processes in the Lithuanian language: creation of words by the means of derivation using sources of the Lithuanian language and foreign languages, borrowing and translation of words and their adoption according to the structural rules of language. The article also deals with onomasiological approach regarding concepts and their expression through language as well as with contextual factors influencing development of neologisms. Ultimately, conclusions are drawn, providing evaluation of evolution trends of the Lithuanian language based upon analysis of modern neologisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Document level sentiment analysis, the task of determining whether the sentiment expressed in a document is positive or negative, is commonly performed by supervised methods. As with all supervised tasks, obtaining training data for these methods can be expensive and timeconsuming. Some semi-supervised approaches have been proposed that rely on sentiment lexicons. We propose a novel supervised and a novel semi-supervised sentiment analysis method that are both based on a probabilistic graphical model, without requiring any lexicon. Our semisupervised method takes advantage of the numerical ratings that are often included in online reviews (e.g., 4 out of 5 stars). While these numerical ratings are related to sentiment, they are noisy and hence, by themselves, they are an imperfect indicator of reviews' sentiments. We incorporate unlabeled user reviews as training data by treating the reviews' numerical ratings as sentiment labels while modeling the ratings' noisy nature. Our empirical results, utilizing a corpus of labeled sentences from hotel reviews and unlabeled hotel reviews with numerical ratings, show that treating reviews' ratings as noisy and utilizing them to augment a small amount of labeled sentences outperforms strong existing supervised and semi-supervised classification-based and lexicon-based approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a method for the automatic acquisition of hypernym/hyponymy relations from a Turkish raw text. Once the model has extracted prospective hyponyms by using lexico-syntactic patterns, an Apriori algorithm is applied to eliminate faulty hyponyms and increase precision. We show that a model based on a particular lexico-syntactic pattern and association rules for Turkish language can successfully retrieve many is-a relation with high precision. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper proposes a novel grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion approach where first the probabilistic relation between graphemes and phonemes is captured from acoustic data using Kullback-Leibler divergence based hidden Markov model (KL-HMM) system. Then, through a simple decoding framework the information in this probabilistic relation is integrated with the sequence information in the orthographic transcription of the word to infer the phoneme sequence. One of the main application of the proposed G2P approach is in the area of low linguistic resource based automatic speech recognition or text-to-speech systems. We demonstrate this potential through a simulation study where linguistic resources from one domain is used to create linguistic resources for a different domain. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]