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This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Please make the page settings of your word processor to A4 format (21 x 29, 7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in), right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in). This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Please make the page settings of your word processor to A4 format (21 x 29, 7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in), right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pranayama exercise can improve the cardiovascular function. A study of its effect on individual with low physical activity is unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of Pranayama exercise and breathing control on cardiovascular function and pulmonary function in individual with low physical activity. Voluntarily 13 participants were simple randomized into two groups: Pranayama exercise and breathing control. The result showed Pranayama exercise group had statistically significant difference between pre- and postexercise in heart rate (p=0.01), respiratory rate (p=0.02), systolic pressure (p=0.01), and FEV1/FVC (p=0.04). While in breathing group found the statistically significant difference within group only in diastolic pressure (p=0.04). However, Pranayama group were only significant FEV1/FVC more than breathing group. In conclusion, Pranayama exercise improved cardiovascular and pulmonary function in low physical activity people when compared with breathing control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zlatna city (Romania) is located in the center of a important metalogenetic provinces of Western Carpathian. Here were mines of Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag, Hg since antiquity. In 1747 a factory was built here to extract copper. In two centuries and a half of work, the factory was modernized and an increase in the level of pollution in the area. Pollution of this economic activity has influenced the health of the population. Studies in children indicate a height and a weight lower than in neighboring areas, deficiencies of the skeleton and lungs and the risk of lead contamination. In the adult population is an increase in the number of tuberculosis patients and other lung disease due to sulfur dioxide fumes into the atmosphere and the risk of cancer diseases. Based on data from published studies, can issue some conclusions about risk factors and measures that can be taken to reduce them. Monitoring results from measures may cause the start of some decontamination programs of polluted areas [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied mechanical ventilatory constraints in 13 aerobically trained (Tr) and 11 untrained (UT) prepubescent children by plotting the exercise flow-volume (F-V) loops within the maximal F-V loop (MFVL) measured at rest. The MFVL allowed determining forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximal expiratory flows. Expiratory and inspiratory reserve volumes relative to FVC (ERV/FVC and IRV/FVC, respectively) were measured during a progressive exercise test until exhaustion. Breathing reserve (BR) and expiratory flow limitation (expFL), expressed in percentage of tidal volume (VT) and defined as the part of the tidal breath meeting the boundary of the MFVL, were measured. Higher FVC and maximal expiratory flows were found in Tr than UT (P < 0.05) at rest. Our results have shown that during exercise, excepting one subject, all Tr regulated their VT within FVC similarly during exercise, by breathing at low lung volume at the beginning of exercise followed breathing at high lung volume at strenuous exercise. In UT, ERV/FVC and IRV/FVC were regulated during exercise in many ways. The proportion of children who presented an exp FL was nearly the same in both groups ( ∼70% with a range of 14 to 65% of VT), and no significant difference was found during exercise concerning exp FL. However, higher ventilation ( E), ERV/FVC, and dyspnea associated with lower BR, IRV/FVC, and SaO2 were reported at peak power in Tr than UT (P < 0.05). These results suggest that, because of their higher E level, trained children presented higher ventilatory constraints than untrained. These may influence negatively the SaO2 level and dyspnea during strenuous exercise [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]