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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Russian Space Agency (RSA) conducted the Phase 1 (Shuttle-Mir) Program from 1993 through 1998. The joint manifest of this cooperative effort consisted of Russian Soyuz (crew) flights, Progress (cargo) flights, Russian science module flights (Spektr and Priroda), U.S. space shuttle docking missions, and nine long duration missions aboard Russia's Mir space station by U.S. astronauts. The purpose of the program was to establish and create a cooperative technical, operational and managerial experience base between Russia and the United States to reduce risks associated with the assembly, operations, science and logistical support of the International Space Station (ISS). In this paper we take a retrospective look at the extensive capture of lessons learned--gained from Phase 1 and transferred to the ISS program (ISSP)--and how this effort served to mitigate risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Abstract of the Geological Congress of Turkey / Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özleri is the property of TMMOB JEOLOJI MUHENDISLERI ODASI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Abstract of the Geological Congress of Turkey / Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özleri is the property of TMMOB JEOLOJI MUHENDISLERI ODASI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the results obtained in the assessment of seismic action of blasting performed in four Romanian salt mines where small room ad square pillar method is applied. Function of the time taken to mine a level, of the size of the rooms in course of excavation, of the medium radius of the area with elastic deformations, and the results of the seismic measurements, the explosive charges possible to be blasted were established for each separate seam, providing in the same time seismic protection for the floors and inter-room pillars. Current blasting methods applied in two of the salt mines considered – Ocna Dej and Praid – had to be revised, in order to meet the established seismic restrictions. The results obtained were appreciated by the salt mines, since they contributed to the increase in efficiency of the blasting operations and to minimize the risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Abstract of the Geological Congress of Turkey / Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özleri is the property of TMMOB JEOLOJI MUHENDISLERI ODASI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Abstract of the Geological Congress of Turkey / Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özleri is the property of TMMOB JEOLOJI MUHENDISLERI ODASI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses research which investigated a distribution control method in which liquefied natural gas (LNG) is distributed and interchanged between tanks to reduce the sloshing risk. Topics discussed include an overview of the concept of distribution control method, the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method and cases of GA simulation.

Indonesia has a wealth of natural assets is so large to be managed and utilized, either from its own local government and local communities, especially in the mining sector. However, mining activities can change the state of the surface layer of the earth that have a high impact disaster risk. This could threaten the safety and disrupt human life, environmental damage, loss of property, and the psychological impact, sulking to the rule of law no 24 of 2007. That's why we strive to manage and minimize the risk of mine disasters in the region, how to use the method of calculation of Amplification Factor (AF) from the analysis based microtremor sulking Kanai and Nakamura, and decision systems were tested by analysis of ANP. Based on the amplification factor and Analytical Network Processing (ANP) obtained, some points showed instability in the surface layer of a mining area include the site of the TP-7, TP-8, TP-9, TP-10, (Birowo2). If in terms of structure, location indicated unstable due to have a sloping surface layer, resulting in the occurrence of landslides and earthquake risk is high. In the meantime, other areas of the mine site can be said to be a stable area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents an analysis about the impact of the human error on the risk reduction actions. This paper shows the dynamic in the human error within the maintenance process like is followed in the nuclear industry around the world. The conclusions show the importance of the background knowledge of the maintenance staff and the relevance of the sequence of the risk reductions actions included in the maintenance tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of field testing (operational testing) of software, we address the problem of balancing the potential reduction in failure risk that developers may achieve by reviewing captured test executions to identify failures (and by successfully debugging their causes) against the cost of reviewing the tests. To achieve a desirable balance, we propose a cost-sensitive active learning strategy. Our approach guides developers in selecting a sample of test executions to review and label, and it calls for them to profile execution dynamics and characterize the symptoms and relative severity levels of failures. Profiles, labels, failure symptoms, and severity levels are used by the active learner to construct and refine a mapping between examined and unexamined tests, on one hand, and possible defects, on the other hand. This mapping is used together with estimates of test review costs to guide the selection of additional tests. We evaluate our approach on three subject programs and show that it (1) produces reasonable predictions of risk reduction and (2) significantly improves severity-weighted reliability for each subject program, with relatively low developer effort. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Computational models of trust try to transfer the concept of trust from the real to the virtual world. While such models have been widely investigated in the past decade, the uncertainty involved in trust computation has been overlooked in the literature. In this paper, uncertainty of probabilistic trust models is quantified using confidence intervals and its factors are determined through simulation. The results confirm the importance and highlight the amount of uncertainty in the Beta and HMM (Hidden Markov Model) trust models. In addition, an uncertainty-driven method is proposed which reduces the risk involved in the trust-based utility maximization according to uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Nowadays, information systems comprise a crucial part of organizations; by losing security, these organizations will lose plenty of competitive advantages as well. The core point of information security (InfoSecu) is risk management. There are a great deal of research works and standards in security risk management (ISRM) including NIST 800-30 and ISO/IEC 27005. However, only few works of research focus on InfoSecu risk reduction, and while the standards explain general principles and guidelines, they do not provide any implementation details regarding ISRM. Reducing the InfoSecu risks in uncertain environments is painstaking. Thus, this paper applied a genetic algorithm (GA) for InfoSecu risk reduction in uncertainty. Finally, the effectiveness of the applied method was verified through an example. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

ObjectivesInjection drug users are at risk for a variety of infections when hygienic injection practices are not performed. The advantage of cleaning injection equipment to prevent viral infections has been well researched. Disinfecting the injection site prior to injecting reduces the risk of bacterial infections but has been overlooked in many prevention efforts. Using what is known about factors associated with the risk-reduction behaviors of disinfecting equipment, a model was evaluated to determine whether those factors are also associated with disinfection of the injection site. MethodsSociodemographic and behavioral data were collected in interviews with 600 injection drug users.ResultsThe majority of injection drug users do not clean the injection site prior to injecting. Results indicate that gender, ethnicity, and frequency of injection were significantly related to whether or not an injector cleaned the injection site. Conclusions Failure to clean the injection site prior to injecting is a common practice and constitutes a health risk among injection drug users, particularly in a population prone to other infections. Prevention efforts need to incorporate all levels of sterilization procedures when working with these high risk populations. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to study risk reducing effects of value-added services offered by tourism businesses on the Internet. Effects of several value-added services on 1)functional risk, 2)physical risk, 3)financial risk, 4)social risk, and 5)psychological risk are studied. In this article, the focus is on the theoretical foundation for the research. Also, methodological issues for a planned study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve low accuracy, human effects and complexity in elevator safety management evaluation, a method based on machine learning was proposed. The method adopts safety checklist to collect data of elevator safety related conditions, comprehensively considering the importance and influence of every factor, which influences the safety on the basis of the safety checklist analysis and fuzzy set. To complete the process of the risk assessment and evaluation, we use machine learning combined with maintenance knowledge of evaluation, which provide users with comprehensive and effective corrective measures and suggestions. Applications show that the method can find potential leak of elevator system management. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The publication of the international standard on the personal care robot safety (ISO 134382) is imminent as it is undergoing FDIS approval voting. In this paper, brief history of the development of the standard and the final technical content of the standard is introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

What type of changes in operations does the stock market value during a recession? We focus on three operational changes aimed to increase returns or manage risk in a recession--newness of operational assets, increasing production efficiency, and increasing operational hedging. In a sample of 749 manufacturing firms representing 4,857 firm-year observations from 2003 to 2012 and using 2008 as the recession year, we find that although for LMT firms newness of operational assets or operational hedging have no effect on market value (Tobin's Q), surprisingly, increasing production efficiency in a recession actually lowers market value. Conversely, for high-tech firms, newness of operational assets and production efficiency have a negative influence on market value, and operational hedging has no influence on market value. The findings are robust to credit rating during the 2008 crisis, controlling for endogeneity, Prais-Winsten specification with first-order serial autocorrelation, an alternate measure of operational hedging (global distribution of property, plant, and equipment), alternate recession period, and difference regression. Increasing operational asset newness and production efficiency increased volatility Fama-French 5-factor model. During recession increasing newness of operational assets, production efficiency, and operational hedging--lead to negative or nonsignificant effects on market value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]