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Ultra-high-rise elevators are generally used in high-rise buildings, dams, underground passages, mountain and cliff sightseeing, etc., but they are seldom used in bridge engineering. Elevators attached to bridge towers are mainly for maintenance and construction. They are often attached to the inner walls of tower, and have little effect on the stress of the main structure. Elevators hanging on the outer walls of bridge towers are rare. Due to the particularity of the bridge structure, the tower will bear more bending moment under the state of serviceability. Therefore, compared with other elevators, the elevator attached to the bridge tower has different operating environment, which means that there will be greater deformation. In this paper, an elevator frame built on the outer side of a bridge tower is selected for comparative calculation. The interaction between elevator frame and bridge tower under the state of serviceability and the vibration modes, displacement and stress under earthquake action are analyzed. The elevator frame's calculation of bridges should be different from that of super high-rise buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opening of Arctic Passage makes the ice load relevant problems inevitable for ships in ice zone. Based on that reason, it is significant to carry out the research on the crashworthiness of ship structure under ship-ice collision load. According to the regulation of China Classification Society, the structure of ship in ice zone mainly includes transverse framing and longitudinal framing. In order to explore crashworthiness of different structure, finite element models of oil tanker and ice cube are established by software PATRAN. The situation in which shipside of midship collides with the corner of ice cube is simulated by using nonlinear finite element software DYTRAN. In the experiment, through ship of two different structure colliding with ice cube respectively, the paper comparatively studies the difference of the hull structural damage, contact force and energy absorption under the same impact of ice. Meanwhile, the different structural performance of transverse and longitudinal framing system are explored. On the basis of the small change of the hull weight, the crashworthiness of shipside structure can be improved by laying out the quantity of stiffener reasonably. The conclusion has important reference to choose the ship structure strengthening scheme, and also provides advice for design in improving crashworthiness of ship in ice zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite standing seam metal roof system is gradually widely applied for permanent building due to its various advantages such as light weight, fast installation and recyclability. After series of tests and analysis based on ASTM E1592, some determinants like the additional internal or external fix element, panel width, panel thickness or halter form are validated to be effective to the structural performance against wind load. However, the result from ASTM E1592 is more conservative than the real situation. When this standard is applied for the composite standing seam metal roof system, an additional reduction coefficient or equation should be considered as well. Otherwise another test method should be proposed for this type of system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]