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The situation of the Press Group of the Francoist Movement was, by 1970, very worrying. Half of its newspaper titles, among which La Voz de Castilla (1945-1976), were recording substantial losses and low circulation rates. A marketing study stands out among the measures that the National Press Delegation took to relaunch this newspaper, the conclusions of which it intended to apply to other newspapers of the press group facing similar circumstances. This hitherto unknown marketing study is brought to light in this paper through an in-depth study of the causes that contributed to the failure of the Francoist Movement press, in a context marked by economic development and greater press freedom enshrined in the Ley de Prensa e Imprenta [Press Law of 1966]. The marketing study, with some results that could be extrapolated to other failing newspapers of the network, was a damp squib. It was withheld from the management of the Burgos newspaper and never applied. Readers turned their backs on La Voz de Castilla, because of its markedly ideological stance and because it was so closely controlled from Madrid that they considered it was not defending the interests of Burgos.

This thesis contributes to the historiography by locating active women of medieval Spain in sources that reveal the reality of women's actions as opposed to their ideal behavior. Evidence for women's activities comes from charters—legal documents that recorded property transfers—from various religious institutions in thirteenth-century Burgos, the historic capital of the Christian kingdom of Castile. Women participated in 60% of transactions. Empowering factors included connections to urban oligarchs, dense social networks, collective enterprise, and generous inheritances. Women were not inherently disenfranchised as property owners by virtue of sex, though their absence in the roles of witness and guarantor indicates efforts to exclude women from public space. Nonetheless, the valorization of private law and the commitment to patrimonial rights worked in women's favor to counteract (in part) the legal disabilities they faced on account of perceived feminine weaknesses. Socioeconomic status more greatly affected one's economic opportunities than did gender.

A new species of Pseudosinella has been found in Tesla Mountains, Burgos, Spain. The new species is characterized by its body sparsely colored in blue, 2-3 eyes in a black spot, and the chaetotaxy.