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Axenic cultures of Peridermium pini have been established on modified Shenk &'38 Hilderbrandt's and Harvey &'38 Grasham's media from naturally infected cortex tissues and aeciospore-infected calluses of P. sylvestris and from aeciospores collected from NE Scotland and East Anglia. The cultures occasionally produced immature smooth-surfaced, binucleate spores. Actively growing cultures infected P. sylvestris calluses but not seedlings or trees. In the experiment of fungal nutrition, (NH4)2SO4 appeared essential, sucrose, D-glucose, raffinose and D-sorbitol supported good growth while D-xylose, cellobinose and L-arabinose did not. Opt. medium pH proved to be 5.0-6.0. Axenic cultures were also obtained from 30-40&'37 of single sporelings of some East Anglia spore sources but not from NE Scotland sporelings. When inoculated at a high density, however, all spore sources from both East Anglia and NE Scotland readily formed colonies. Colonies from East Anglia spores mostly appeared smooth at the surface and distinct around margin while those from NE Scotland sources had fluffy surface and irregularly extended periphery. Rapidly expanding hyphal layers developed from both of the colony forms 3 months after inoculation. Callus tissue cultures of P. sylvestris, P. nigra var. maritima and P. mugo vars mughus, rostrata and pumilio were infected by inoculation with aeciospores from NE Scotland. Infections were characterized by formation of aerial hyphae on the callus surface and intercellular hyphae and typical haustoria in the callus tissue. Hyphae from some of the infected calluses penetrated the medium. Seedlings of the pines as above were infected at their cotyledon stage by inoculation with NE Scotland spores. Infections resulted in swelling, death of the seedlings and formation of spermogonia after a year and aecia after two years. Infections of young seedlings of 7 seed sources of P. sylvestris and the UK were examined 6 weeks after inoculation. Discolouration and necrosis of cotyledons were not always related to stem infection.

The discourse constructing a queer representative with LGBT identity embodies subversive queer rebellion grounding interdependence between advertisers, stars, and audiences in commercial television. Considering her media roles for American Express, CoverGirl, and J.C. Penney, as well as a daytime talk show host, Ellen DeGeneres expresses queerness, queer moments, and space in accordance with anti-heteronormativity described by Alexander Doty in Making Things Perfectly Queer. In the mainstream advertising, using LGBT subculture texts is a strategy for advertisers to target mass heterosexual consumers, while simultaneously not to alienate homosexual communities. In U.S. daytime television programming, The Ellen DeGeneres Show emblematizes identity declaration of Ellen’s coming out episodes in 1997 and embodies entertaining segments in terms of a coming out party through talking, dancing, and liberating. In audience reception, viewers, based on egalitarianism, are empowered by a moment of pleasure, sympathy, and liberation in relation to DeGeneres’ queer performance in the media. Through identifying three main media practices, advertising, broadcasting, and, spectating, I conclude with a discourse that DeGeneres, as a queer representative, signifies a satirical token of homonormativity to negotiate heteronormative media narratives in the mainstream media.