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The east-to-west oriented Arkoma Basin is a peripheral foreland basin or depositional trough that developed during the Carboniferous Period. This formation covers an aerial extent of approximately 33,800 square miles and spans from west-central Arkansas into southeastern Oklahoma (McGilvery, Manger, and Zachry, 2016; Perry, 1995). The Atoka Formation, deposited during the early Pennsylvanian, is the largest Paleozoic formation by aerial extent in the state of Arkansas and is located within and comprises the bulk of Arkoma Basin sediments (McFarland, 2004; Nance, 2018). This formation has been informally divided into three divisions, the lower, middle, and upper, based on their stratigraphic response to differing tectonic processes. A tectonostratigraphic interpretation was made for each division of the Atoka Formation using high resolution cross sections; correlated using well log, seismic, and surface data. Five condensed regional transects were constructed that aided in the development of a cross section “grid” meant to represent the deep marine to shallow marine depositional hinge lines. Each of the three Atoka divisions have a different dominant depositional force. The Lower Atoka deposition was dominated by eustasy, and with sediment supply from the start of Arkoma Basin tectonics, the middle division was dominated by tectonic subsidence and the upper was dominated by sediment supply. The transition between the Atoka divisions and the magnitude of migration between each deep marine hinge line indicates the progradation of the Upper Atoka depositional cycles occurred more rapidly than the retrogradation of the Middle Atoka. The maximum flooding of the formation occurred within the Middle Atoka’s uppermost informal member, the Morris Member. The Lower Atoka was deposited on an extensive tectonically stable structural platform, which is supported by no lithostratigraphic transition to deep marine deposits within this project’s study area. The deep marine deposition is characterized by shales encapsulating tumultuously distributed and isolated sandstone complexes. These sandstone complexes are not correlated to the shallow marine sandstones by anything but a condensed geologic timeline.

This report seeks to improve Seoul's existing urban planning system through the elements and practices of current Form-Based Code (FBC) in United States. Because Seoul's planning system has similar problems with the conventional zoning practice that the FBC purposes to overcome, the FBC practices in US provides meaningful examples that could help make Seoul's planning system more organized and sustainable. First, this report presents definitions, purpose, background, basic principles and elements of the FBC, and then explores expected benefits and criticism that has emerged from various reports and publications. Second, the Miami, Florida and Denver, Colorado FBC cases are analyzed and assessed to examine its real impact and implications for a citywide FBC adoption. The conclusion of this study provides what should be considered important to an FBC and how to apply an FBC to Seoul, and conclusion of this study.

This research seeks to evaluate the possible causal relationship between land use or urban design regulation and subsequent built form patterns observable on the ground, using a quasiexperimental method. With increasing frequency, suburban towns and cities are investing in expensive overhauls of their General Plans and zoning ordinances based on vague promises of curbing sprawl, building a sense of place, and creating a new urbanism. However, the effectiveness of these novel codes is unknown and untested.In part I, case cities are selected based upon their notable achievement of placemaking goals: former automobile-oriented suburbs are now pedestrian-friendly and transit-oriented, with distinguished centers of dense mixed use. They are evaluated for the extent to which explicit, anticipatory land use planning and regulation played a role in creating this outcome. In part II, case cities are selected due their adoption of Smart Growth or New Urbanist regulatory regimes. They are evaluated for the extent to which land use and built form changed in the desired directions over the subsequent ten to twenty years of development as guided by the new regime.Findings from part I indicate that effective land use planning is indeed an requisite ingredient to successful urbanization and placemaking. Findings from part II, however, indicate that adoption of new regulatory regimes is not a predictor of success, making novel regulation, by itself, an unreliable indication that placemaking will be achieved. Finally, the research suggests a future hypothesis that it is the coupling of revised land use regulation with a continued culture of enforcement through the funding and support of planning departments and commissions that clearly predicts success in transforming suburban sprawl into urban places.