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In this paper, we present a two-stage model of zonal electricity markets with day-ahead market clearing and real-time re-dispatch and balancing that accounts for transmission line switching at both stages. We show how the day-ahead problem with switching can be formulated as an adaptive robust optimization problem with mixed integer recourse and present a new algorithm for solving the adversarial max-min problem that obeys the structure of an interdiction game. We apply the model on a realistic instance of the Central Western European system and comment on the impacts of both proactive and reactive transmission switching on the operating costs of the system. Part I presents day-ahead models of a short-term zonal electricity market with switching, and describes our algorithmic approach for solving these models efficiently. Part II describes variants of the real-time model, and presents the results of our case study on the Central Western European market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a two-stage model of zonal electricity markets with day-ahead market clearing, and real-time re-dispatch and balancing that accounts for transmission line switching at both stages. We show how the day-ahead problem with switching can be formulated as an adaptive robust optimization problem with mixed integer recourse, and present a new algorithm for solving the adversarial max-min problem that obeys the structure of an interdiction game. We apply the model on a realistic instance of the Central Western European system, and comment on the impacts of both proactive, and reactive transmission switching on the operating costs of the system. Part I presents day-ahead models of a short-term zonal electricity market with switching, and describes our algorithmic approach for solving these models efficiently. Part II describes variants of the real-time model, and presents the results of our case study on the Central Western European market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A European efficiency enhancement strategy for the grid-tied inverters with common dc bus and ac bus in parallel operation is proposed in this paper. Based on the inherent relationship between the dc bus voltage and the grid-feeding power, two dc bus voltage regulators with different output limits are employed in each grid-tied inverter. The operation of the dc bus voltage regulators depends on the grid-feeding power level. Therefore, the grid-tied inverter has priority up to the maximum efficiency operation point, and then, to operate at full load mode with the increase of the grid-feeding power. As a result, the European efficiency of the grid-tied system is improved without any communication link and extra hardware cost. The operation principle of the grid-tied inverter system is analyzed in detail with the implementation of the proposed control, and the design guidelines for key parameters are given and discussed. A prototype with three grid-tied inverters in parallel operation is built and experimental tests have been conducted on it in terms of steady-state performances and dynamic performances. The experimental results show that the operation modes of each grid-tied inverter depend on its sensing gain of the dc bus voltage. The European efficiency of the grid-tied inverter system with the conventional control and with the proposed control are 94.74% and 95.17%, respectively, which means the European efficiency has been enhanced by 0.43%. These results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]