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In this paper, a novel compact microstrip Low-Pass Filter (LPF) with sharp roll-off and ultra-wide stopband with high suppression level is presented. In the proposed filter, square-shaped resonators are used. The cut-off frequency at 3dB is 1.88GHz. The maximum insertion loss of this filter is less than 0.1dB and the return loss is also less than 16dB in the passband. In the proposed structure, the stopband extends from 2.07 to 29.5 GHz at 24dB level of suppression and is considered as an ultra-wide stopband. There is a significant relationship between simulation and fabrication results, which have justified the functionality of the proposed LFP, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multi machine power system, with the interconnection of number of generators and loads, has the dynamic stability as the important factor for maintaining the step with respect to the generators connected to it. The stability of individual machine, as well as, the stability of a generator with the other generators are more important terms. The supply of the damping torque required for getting the desired condition of stability enhancement is done by the power system stabilizer. In this paper a new method is proposed for stability enhancement of a three machine nine bus system by using the coordinated application of the unified power flow controller and the power system stabilizer designed by using the Firefly algorithm. The improved stability performance of the tested multi machine system was compared with Genetic search algorithm approach without and with the application of the unified power flow controller. From the pseudo spectrum analysis, it is observed that the better improvement of the stability of the multi machine system is achieved by using the proposed method. From the step responses it can be deduced that the relative variations of inter machine states with unified power flow controller and firefly-based power system stabilizer are settled at a faster rate. The contingency analysis is performed to consider the non-linearity problem. The responses of the system with unified power flow controller and firefly based power system stabilizer are settled at a faster rate in the normal case, as well as, in the contingency cases, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among various types of Distributed Generations, Microturbine (MT) Generation (MTG) systems are known as highly reliable and efficient sources. The MT must support demands in different conditions, which requires its proper control. In this paper, hybrid operation of the MTG is considered which is initially isolated from utility grid, and after that it is connected to the distribution network. A robust control method is used for stand-alone mode and a novel power-voltage control strategy is applied to grid-tied inverter. In stand-alone mode, the voltage, frequency and current are used as control parameters instead of traditional voltage-frequency control. In grid-connected novel controller, the inner voltage loop is substituted with the current loop, so it is based on powers and voltage. The simulations are performed by MATLAB/Simulink, with the results indicating proper power sharing as well as load-following performance with the minimum level of distortion. The proposed strategy can be used in hybrid operations of the MTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a square lattice of two-dimensional photonic crystal in the design of NOT and XOR logic gates. The important characteristic of this method is that the one structure allows implementation of two types of logic gate. The structure consists of two inputs and one output; thus, whenever it is used as a NOT gate, one of the entrances acts as a controller for the input. The Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method is used to calculate the frequency band structure of the proposed lattice. The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method is used to calculate the optical power distribution in waveguide paths. The smaller size and simple structure of the design are advantages which make the proposed structure suitable for using in optical integrated circuits. In addition, the optical power transmitted to the output in "0" logic state is very close to zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The necessity to tackle the increasing common concern about safety issues, urges the scientific community to come up with the development of innovative intruder detection and early warning security systems. One of the most effective technological solutions is provided by the application of WSNs. In this endeavor, most solutions have already adopted supercomputers and other computer resource systems to process the enormous amount of data. Alternatively, to this approach, simpler and more easily implementable solutions, such as the WSNmod method, are already being put to use. In particular, WSNmod is based on three key elements, the categorization of sensor inputs, the quantization of the inputs and a time-window processing. WSNmod was introduced as an advanced intrusion detection system that focused on the minimization of the false positive alerts. Building on the idea of WSNmod, in this paper we focus, identify and quantify measurable parameters that influence the detection reliability. In addition, the very promising test results of the method and the security system are presented in a range of environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is one of the most popular generators recently used in wind turbine systems (WTSs). This machine has some interesting advantages especially in variables speed applications. In the DFIG-based WTS, the rotor side of the machine is normally fed by a two-level power inverter controlled by the usual pulse width modulation (PWM) technique which has a principal disadvantage; the high level of harmonic distortion. In this paper, a novel technique based on space vector modulation (SVM) and fuzzy logic is proposed to perform the power, provided by the DFIG, to the grid. Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed technique especially on the quality of the provided power comparatively to the usual PWM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hexagonal shaped slotted Wine glass shaped Co Planar Waveguide (CPW) fed antenna for wireless applications is proposed in this paper. The Woodpile based Electronic Bandgap (EBG) structure is used as linked ground surface for bandwidth and gain enhancement. The performance characteristics of different sized strip widths of woodpile structures with wine glass shaped antenna have carried out; the antenna resonates in the band of 2GHz, 5 GHz, and 7 GHz. The band width enhancement of 43 % and gain of 9 dB at 1.9910 GHz for 1mm strip width of woodpile has observed. In addition, the group delay variation and E -plane co and cross polarization radiation patterns for various strip widths of woodpile structure have obtained. The group delay is maintained less than 5 nanosecond and there is a significant difference between co and cross polarization for E- plane radiation patterns for 1mm strip width of woodpile structure. The antenna is fabricated with hexagonal slot and 1mm strip width woodpile structure and tested for return loss and radiation pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder occurs at the central nervous system, Electroencephalography (EEG) is the reliable tool for analysing the human brain activity with the help of the signals, moreover, it plays a significant role in the detection of epileptic seizures. The abnormal electrical discharge leads to loss of memory; from the recent survey over five crore people are affected by epilepsy. An effective detection system is a vital solution for detecting the epileptic disease in the initial stage. In this paper, an improved epilepsy seizure detecting system is developed with a better accuracy; the EEG signal in both time and frequency domain with the use of Discrete Stationary wavelet-based Stockwell transform (DSWST) is proposed. The feature extraction is processed by a temporal feature, spectral feature and Amplitude Distribution Estimation (ADE) from EEG signals in which the normal EEG signals will have various spectral and temporal centroids. Also, a modified filter bank based particle swarm optimization (MF-PSO) helps for the feature selection; it significantly improves the classifier accuracy. Finally, a Hybrid K nearest support vector machine (Kn-SVM) is employed for classification to investigate the performance of feature to classify the brain signals into three groups of normal (healthy), seizure free (inter-ictal) and during a seizure (ictal) groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays electrical power system is highly complex due to the increase in load demand and distributed generations. Further, the intermittent renewable sources and non-linear power electronic loads connected to the grid deteriorates the power quality of the system. Also, a large number of DC loads like LED lights are connected to the AC distribution system to save energy consumption. These issues can be effectively addressed using the smart micro-grid system. In an individual AC or DC micro-grid, the higher number of AC-DC-AC/DC-AC-DC power conversion stages lead to an increased power loss. Therefore, in this paper, an AC-DC hybrid micro-grid topology is proposed, wherein, AC sources and AC loads are connected to AC grid while DC sources and DC loads are connected to DC grid, consequently, the power conversion losses reduce. The shunt active power filter based 3-phase 4-leg bidirectional interlinking converter using d-q reference current method with PI control is proposed to accomplish the inverterbased and rectifier-based power exchange between AC and DC sub-grids with harmonic current compensation under various grid and load conditions. The analysis is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and results proving the improved power quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric Vehicles (EV) are becoming more popular due to an environment friendly approach. However, due to the dominance of fossil fuel-based conventional vehicle on road, emission reduction is a crucial task. In spite of continuous efforts to keep emission under control with alternative fuels, emissions are not under control. Conversion of Conventional Vehicle (CV) into Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) is a promising solution to keep emissions under control of present vehicles running on the road as per norms. However, performance is limited by the size of an electric powertrain. Size of electric powertrain and its control strategy decided the fuel economy and emissions of vehicle i.e. the right size of the powertrain components is essential to fully exploit the benefits of the hybridization. The trend of electric powertrain design is from driving cycle. This will give better performance at that particular route only. Hence values are misleading for any other route and this design value cannot be generalized. The paper provides driving cycle independent generalized tool for the design of electric drivetrain during conversion of the conventional vehicle into the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle by fundamental force analogy method to get better performance of the vehicle. The MATLAB-Simulink tool is developed to size electric drivetrain parameters. The design parameters can be given as the input which will size the electric powertrain i.e. the size of motor and battery. In addition, the tool can be used to size battery of new PHEV. The obtained results have confirmed the effectiveness of proposed tool and compared to designed values of the vehicle. The size of electric powertrain can be utilized as early stage design during conversion of the conventional vehicle into the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This outcome of this research paper improves the quality and performance of the power system by using a four-quadrant chopper circuit in the DC -LINK of the variable speed drive systems (VSDS). In addition, the effects on reducing the ripple factor for both the current and voltage in DC-LINK are illustrated. In this study, a variable speed drive system is simulated and designed with the proposed chopper. Furthermore, the control system of pulses for the transistors is determined. Finally, a discussion of the results is introduced. The given results show the advantages of using the proposed chopper circuit with variable speed drive systems. Likewise, the superiority of the proposed method over other newly suggested techniques is verified by several simulation scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper has aimed to provide an insight into developing a control strategy for a standalone wind energy conversion system (SWECS) intended to power a DC load. The system mainly consists of the wind turbine (WT), generator, power electronics devices, battery bank, and its charging control circuit along with pitch angle control of wind turbine. Charging of battery is attained through tip-speed ratio (TSR) MPPT logic. DC-DC converter acts as a charge controller which charges the battery in a controlled way. Pitch angle control mechanism generates appropriate pitch angle command to dampen the rotational speed of the wind turbine. It limits the turbine output power, generator speed and rectifier output voltage during high wind speed ensuring electrical and mechanical safety of the wind turbine. The three-phase self- excited induction generator (SEIG) coupled with a wind turbine is used to produce electrical power. It is connected to load via the AC-DC-DC converter to obtain regulated voltage at the load side. The efficacy of control logic developed for proposed wind energy conversion system is tested in MATLAB/Simulink platform varying wind and load profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) with an RST control structure is employed to control the depth of the anesthesia. The polynomial coefficients of the RST controller are adjusted according to a fractional order normalized gradient based adaptation mechanism. The propofol infusion rate and the Bispectral Index (BIS) are considered as the system input and output, respectively. The propofol distribution in the patient model is described with a Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model. The PK-PD model parameters depend on physical specifications of the patient including age, weight, and gender. The proposed MRAC is employed to reach the desired BIS in the presence of disturbance and the measurement noise for different patients. Simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a sliding mode control method by using state feedback on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is proposed. This system by Lyapunov exponents known as a chaotic system with unstable equilibrium points. Stability of this system using the proposed controller is proved by Lyapunov theory. Finally, the simulation results have shown that the mentioned controller converge chaotic system to zero. In addition, the controller is capable of tracking any desired point [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The WiFi offloading has emerged as a solution to mitigate the surge of traffic in cellular networks. The design of WiFi networks and the placement of Access Points (APs) has a considerable impact on the overall performance and the corresponding capital and operational expenditure (CAPEX/OPEX). Therefore, the minimum required number of APs without severe performance degradation is one of the challenges in WiFi offloading. In this paper, we investigate the impact of multi-rate WiFi APs on the offloading performance. A numerical analysis is presented to compare the minimum required number of APs in two modes of single-rate and multi-rate of IEEE 802.11 WLAN. The analysis results indicate the privilege of multi-rate WiFi AP when compared to single-rate WiFi AP. Moreover, the evaluation results show that required WiFi APs in multi-rate are 30% less than single rate WiFi APs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proliferation of electronics is a major breakthrough in the industrial sector as these play a promising role in the functioning of electric machines and together described as an electric drive. In this regard, the important factor is the efficiency of the electric drive. Based on this aspect, many electric machines have been invented and among all those machines switched reluctance motor (SRM) has found to be more beneficial because of its reduced losses. This paper presents different unconventional converters which are helpful for the functioning of low power SRM drives. Three different converters along with simulation results are presented and based upon the results of the three converters, the efficient converter for low power SRM drives is chosen for the hardware development. Experimental tests and simulations have shown the proposed converter results are closely correlated with the simulated results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The predictive control based speed, flux and torque prediction of a double stator induction motor is proposed in this research paper; the model of the DSIM and the direct vector control of the system have performed, subsequently, the classical PI controllers for the speed control, the flux, and thus for setting the stator's currents have adopted. In order to minimize the transient control and to reduce the impact of measurement noise on the control signal, instead of vector control technique which requires the flux and torque estimation, the multivariable generalized predictive control is used. The results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method, especially in the parameters variation and/or the change of the reference speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weakness of the Direct Vector Control (DVC) is lack of an estimation of the flux amplitude and the rotor position with high accuracy. These quantities are sensitive to parameter variations; it is important to use a robust estimation system for estimating the rotor flux with respect to parametric uncertainties. In this paper the sliding mode speed sensorless vector control based on the Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) of double stator induction motor is presented. First, the models of the double stator induction motor and the DVC are proposed. Second, the MRAS technique of the DSIM is adopted. In order to ensure a robust sensorless control, the sliding mode technique for the estimation system was used. The results showed the presented estimator has a positive effect on the system behavior especially in changing the reference and/or the parameters variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentration of data transfer towards the sink in a wireless sensor network causes nearby nodes exhaust their batteries faster than further nodes, this leaves the sink trapped and disrupts the data reporting communication between sensor nodes. To avoid such scenarios, protocols with mobile sinks were proposed. They helped in achieving load balancing and uniform energy consumption throughout the network. This research aimed to concentrate on the dynamic requirements of the mobile sink by providing an overview of mobile sink protocol concerns, design requirements, and challenges associated with issues of the mobile sink routing. On the other hand, in this research different types of mobile sink protocols are reviewed and compared on the basis of some parameters of the sink protocol. In this paper, the concept of the mobile sink with various protocols that were defined with the static sink is presented. Mobile sink is supposed to be moving in each round and the data collection is done through Coordinator Cluster Head which collects the data through various cluster heads. Simulation results showed that mobile sink concept is increasing the network lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel circuit for memristor based IIR filter implementation is presented. In this research for increasing the input voltage range in sampling the analog signal, complementary switches were used instead of single-transistor switches. In addition, to increase the filter accuracy, a delayed circuit with the ability to implement high-order filters is presented. In this work, coefficients of the IIR filter were implemented by memristor; using such component could provide in-system reconfigurability. The memristor could decline receiving negative values, where IIR filter coefficients have negative values. In this research a new method for generating negative numbers as filter coefficients is presented. During running an advanced search algorithm, the memristor values were set at six, seven, and eight bits of resolution; these values cause memristors have the lowest error rate in generating coefficients. All circuits were simulated by Cadence tools on TSMC 0.18 micrometer technology platform with 1.8 volt power supply. In simulation results, outputs of low/high-pass filters along with the error rate of coefficients calculated and compared to actual coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Handwritten digit recognition has got a special role in different applications in the field of digital recognition including; handwritten address detection, check, and document. Persian handwritten digits classification has been facing difficulties due to different handwritten styles, inter-class similarities, and intra-class differences. In this paper, a novel method for detecting Persian handwritten digits is presented. In the proposed method, a combination of Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), 4-side profiles of the digit image, and some horizontal and vertical samples was used and the dimension of the feature vector was reduced using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The proposed method applied to the HODA database, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used in the classification step. Results revealed that the detection accuracy of such method has 99% accuracy with an adequate rate due to existing unacceptable samples in the database, therefore, the proposed method could improve the outcomes compared to other existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing exchange of information around the world and the use of telecommunication networks such as the Internet, the validity of digital documents has become very important because it may be destroyed or attacked intentionally or unintentionally. Muslims consider Quran as the most important book and so much effort has been made to protect the accuracy of this holy book. One of the proper methods to preserve Quran pages against distortion is using image watermarking in spatial domain. In digital watermarked images of Quran, the image information is used to detect and reconstruct distortions. The purpose of the presented method in this paper is to produce a robust image of the Holy Quran against cutting, destruction, and distortion using two-dimensional codes and (XOR) function. The watermarking algorithm in this method is able to recover distortions in addition to detecting them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a Direct Torque Control (DTC) strategy for the Permanent Magnets Synchronous Machine (PMSM). The principle relies on a Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique that uses hysteresis comparators for the determination of the voltage module and angle, the proposed control method is simple to implement. It allows reducing the fluctuations level of the torque and the flux in low speed conditions. Contrary to the classical DTC technique, the proposed approach is able to handle and to control the switching frequency even for driving the motor with a low speed as a reference. Simulations results were obtained and allowed demonstrating better performance of this command especially in the behavior of the couple and the flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing nonlinear optimal controllers such as Minimum Variance Controller (MVC) has many difficulties. Main difficulties are 1) in order to design controller; the explicit relations between outputs and inputs must be executable. This relation is defined as implicitly in the nonlinear models; 2) learning controller is a high dimensional-multimodal optimization task and search space can be extremely rugged and has many local minima. In this paper, in order to overcome these disadvantages, the model-free optimal controller scheme is utilized. In a model-free controller, as the system model is not available, the gradient of the cost function cannot be executed. Instead, in this paper, a relation between gradient of the controller with gradient of the system model is derived by inverse lemma. The controller structure is selected to be neural network. Then, the gradient based PSO (GPSO) is proposed to be a learning controller. GPSO has both advantages of global searching and convergence properties. The application of the methodology to the empirical CSTR model indicates that this approach gives very credible estimates of the controller. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can be more accurate than existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images suffer of multiplicative speckle noise, which damages the radiometric resolution of SAR images and makes the data interpretation difficult. Bayesian shrinkage in a transformed domain is a well-known method based on finding threshold value to suppress the speckle noise. This paper present a new approach to obtain the optimum threshold values for Bayesian shrinkage. For this purpose, we use undecimated wavelet transform (UWT), nonsubsampled Contourlet transform (NSCT), and nonsubsampled Shearlet transform (NSST). According to our experimental results, transformed coefficients influenced by noise differently. It means that some coefficients in transformed domain belong to the specific subband are more robust against noise. We use this new found property in order to determine the optimum threshold value and developed our proposed method named weighted Bayesian Shrinkage in transformed domain. Our experimental results show that finding the optimum threshold value in Shearlet domain outperforms both Contourlet and undecimated wavelet transform. Although the weighted Bayesian Shrinkage in NSCT used before, the weighted Bayesian Shrinkage in NSST is applied in this paper for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sliding mode control is a robust controller against modeling imprecisions and external disturbances, successfully employed to the dynamic positioning of autonomous underwater robot. In order to improve the performance of the whole system, the discontinuity in the control law must be smoothed out to avoid the undesirable chattering, unwanted ripples. One of the disadvantages of conventional sliding mode is great vulnerability in the presence of noise. The adoption of a properly designed thin boundary layer has proven to be effective in completely eliminating chattering and also noise and some initial condition causing undesirable chattering phenomenon, unwanted ripples in the control input. This paper describes the development of a depth control system for autonomous underwater robot. In this paper we used the sliding surface term and its derivation with adaptive gains in control law instead of the sign function with fixed gain. The proposed controller has been designed to solve great vulnerability of sliding mod control at the presence of noise. The stability and convergence properties of the closed-loop system are analytically proved using Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation results are presented in order to demonstrate the control system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under-voltage load shedding is an important measurement to maintain the voltage stability in power systems. In this paper, a new combined index is proposed for under-voltage load shedding. The proposed index is weighted combination of importance, sensitivity and value of loads. This is of paramount importance, since three vital factors such as importance of load, sensitivity of minimum eigenvalue of load flow Jacobian respect to load and the amount of loads are considered for optimal under-voltage load shedding. The algorithm accounts constraints not only in present operating condition but also for predicted next interval load. The proposed method is applied on IEEE 14-bus test system. This paper formulates the optimal under-voltage load shedding problem for power system as a Nonlinear Programming (NLP), and it solves the proposed problem using Generalized Algebraic Modeling Systems (GAMS) software package with CONOPT solver. Results have been compared with those researches based on sensitivity analysis. The results showed effectiveness of proposed index. This proposed index can be used in selecting candidate buses in different power system problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we applied the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ranking method to have efficient placement of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution network. In this regard first an analytical method to find the optimal size of DG in the network is used to reach the lowest possible losses. In this paper, benchmarks such as improvement of voltage profile, reducing energy not supplied value (as an index of reliability), reducing environmental pollution, and values related to the purchase and installation costs of DG equipment in each busses for selecting the appropriate DG location are considered, in addition to the network loss reduction. This method has been used because the loss reduction of whole the network will not be a complete criteria for selecting the best location to install DG, The necessarily node which has the highest reduction in power losses cannot be considered suitable node for the installation of DG. Therefore we used DEA to determine the most effective location for DG placement. The proposed method is implementation over the network of 33 buses and the results are presented. GAMS software is used for the simulation results extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) arrhythmias is essential to timely and early diagnosis of conditions of the heart. In this paper, a new method for ECG arrhythmias classification using Wavelet Transform (WT) and neural networks (NN) is proposed. Here, we have used a discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for processing ECG recordings, and extracting some time-frequency features. In addition, we have combined the features extracted by DWT with ECG morphology and heartbeat interval features, to obtain our final set of features to be used for training a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network. The MLP Neural Network performs the classification task. In recent years, many algorithms have been proposed and discussed for arrhythmias detection. the results reported in them, have generally been limited to relatively small set of data patterns. In this paper 26 recordings of the MIT-BIH arrhythmias database have been used for training and testing our neural network based classifier. The simulation results of best structure show that the classification accuracy of the proposed method is 94.72% over 360 patterns using 26 files including normal and five arrhythmias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) has been implemented for better energy efficiency to Hybrid/Electric Vehicles (HEV/EV), in that the main source is Battery and UltraCapacitor (UC) is the auxiliary source. The battery is connected to DC Bus through Boost Converter and UltraCapacitor has been connected through Buck-Boost Converter. Battery and UltraCapacitor voltages levels are maintained less than the DC bus voltage. The main aim of this paper is to design an intelligent controller for a smooth transition between the sources in the Hybrid Energy Storage System. Math Function Based (MFB) Controller has been modelled and implemented to an electric motor for Electric/Hybrid Electric Vehicle Application. The MFB controller has to work based on the Speed of the motor and this controller makes the closed loop operation of the overall system with smooth operation between the energy sources. Proportional Integral (PI) controller was used here to maintain the constant voltage profile for various loads at the terminals of the electric motor. Combination of PI and MFB controllers has given closed loop operation of the entire model with smooth switching between the sources. The total circuit has been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and obtained the satisfactory results, which are discussed in the results section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, thin dipole is investigated in the 3.1-10.6 GHz Ultra-Wide Band frequency range. The study includes the design of half wave dipole antenna with different dipole radii to improve the antenna characteristics. Antenna parameters including return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, -10 dB bandwidth and radiation pattern are examined according to Federal Communication Commission regulations and Ultra-Wide Band system requirements in this frequency range. Additionally, two optimization techniques, Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization are applied to obtain the best dipole radius. CST Microwave Studio, an electromagnetic simulation program, is used for the design of the antenna structure and the simulation purposes. The simulation is performed in transient mode. The results show that the antenna performance can be improved by selecting the suitable antenna dimensions. Additionally, Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization techniques are compared in terms of time consumption to obtain the best VSWR and return loss values. The results also depict that Genetic Algorithm yields better results for the proposed structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes a novice technique for locating single line to ground fault in electrical transmission network. Validation of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using MATLAB Simulink. Simpower system tool box is used for the modeling of smart meter, transmission lines and single line to ground fault (1L-G). A novel method is proposed to countercheck whether the fault has occurred really or not. Data related to 1l-G fault has been collected at 220kV Lonikand substation and analyzed exclusively during the visit at Kalkitech (top manufacturing company of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in Bangalore, Karnataka, India). Effect of harmonics on fault current measurement using smart meter is elaborated. Advancements in communication technology are illustrated from asset management perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interline power flow controller (IPFC) is a concept of AC flexible control of the transmission system (FACTS), with the ability to series compensation and power flow management in multi lines of a post power. Out of all FACTS devices, interline power flow converter (IPFC) is considered to be most flexible, powerful and versatile. IPFC has the capability of compensating multi-transmission line. The proper placement of interline power flow controller (IPFC) can improve the transmission line congestion problem to a great extent. This paper proposes the optimal location of the IPFC in electrical power systems, using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Expression of sample figure and analysis of the sample system show that IPFC is effective to minimize the power losses in the power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional two-level inverter fed induction motor drive causes pulsating torque because of harmonics present in the inverter output voltage. Therefore, minimization of harmonics content is the major challenge in two-level inverter supplied drives. In this paper, a harmonic reduction technique for multiple pole-pair induction motor drive is presented. A modified carrier based space vector PWM technique is used with suitable phase shift between different (modulating and carrier) signals to cancel the harmonic content. In order to use this PWM technique, each pole-pair winding coil of a four-pole induction motor is supplied with two-level inverters separately as dual inverter fed drives. Two dc voltage sources are used to feed all these two-level inverters and by connecting in proper sequence zero sequence currents can be eliminated. By using proposed PWM technique to the inverter configuration, all harmonics will appear at four times of the switching frequency. The proposed inverter concept is tested with 5hp four-pole induction motor in MATLAB/Simulink and experimentally also verified with laboratory prototype. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed inverter topology and also show the improvement in harmonic profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a network feeder reconfiguration in balanced distribution networks using Multi Verse Optimization (MVO) to optimize the total network power losses and reduce emissions by means of step by step switching. Reconfiguration is a considerable manner of altering the power flows through the lines from the main substation to load ends, while maintaining radial structure. The main objective of this paper is to solve feeder reconfiguration problem to reduce the total line losses and emission reduction for an open loop distribution system. MVO is a population based method to resolve the network reconfiguration problem. A precise power flow solution is applied and the objective is formulated. A nature inspired Multi Verse Optimization is utilized to restructure the power distribution system and identify the optimal tie switches for lower line losses in the distribution network. The reduction of resistive losses leads to reduction of emissions. The suggested MVO method has carried out on two standard 16-node and 69-node distribution systems for normal load and overload conditions and results show the performance of the anticipated MVO method. The final outcomes prove a significant reduction in real power losses and emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase-locked loop (PLL) is one of the most important components for the performance, control and grid synchronization of network-connected converters. The stability of PLL are affected by different factors (including the network-side and microgrid-side parameters). Similar to the effect of network-side factors, the effect of microgrid components also play an important role in the stability of PLL. The effect of the microgrid-side parameters on the stability of the PLL has not been studied so far. In this paper, using a new proposed stability criterion and with the aim of stability improvement of PLL, the optimized rate of microgrid-side and network-side Parameters is determined. First, the dynamic model of the mentioned microgrid is simulated in MATLAB software. Then, a Taguchi approach is employed in order to determine the optimal sets of microgrid-side and network-side parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The semiconductor circuits dissipate energy in the form of binary digits. This dissipation of energy is in the form of power consumption. ALU is complex circuit and is one of many components within CPU. It performs mathematical and bitwise operations. This paper proposes a new low power 8 bit ALU digital circuit for nano scale regions. The proposed ALU has two 4x1 data selectors, 2x4 decoder and an adder circuit as sub modules. The output of 2x4 decoder is connected to 3 input NAND, AND, OR, XOR gates. The low power adder and multiplexer are proposed and it is used for ALU design. With the help of selection lines of multiplexer, the conventional operations of ALU such as logical operations are performed. This proposed ALU caters the need of digital signal processing tools. Present ALU structure is simulated in Linux Computer using Cadence Virtuoso software and implemented in 180nm technology. The proposed ALU has delay of 386.0ps and average power of 677.2uW. The power delay product shows 65.58 % improvement when compared to the conventional 8-bit ALU design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A higher-order sliding approach to control a bioreactor model is proposed by non-commensurate fractional equations. According to existing conditions and chattering reduction, a high-order sliding mode approach has been chosen to design the controller. A mathematical problem is a barrier to use the high-order sliding mode approach for fractional order systems. The contribution of the paper is to choose proper sliding surfaces. High-order sliding mode controllers have been taken in accordance with the structure of integer order system. Thus, in order for the system to apply more precise calculations, fractional systems should somehow turn to integer order. The sliding surfaces have been selected so appropriately that we can benefit from the structure of integer order controllers for fractional order system. The sliding surface in both controllers has also been the same so as to provide conditions for comparison. The model outputs are reached the desired values using two controllers. Finally, the comparison in simulations indicates that the proposed approach has a great impact on chattering reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an ultra-high capacity 64-channel optical communication system using a single mode fiber is presented. The proposed system investigates the performance of optical network based on two methods of Duo-Binary modulation format at 10, 20 and 40 Gbps bit rates and distance of 1500 Km. Performance of the proposed under different modulation formats has been studied. The simulated results show that two methods are efficient. Also, the first method of DuoBinary modulation format in ultra-high capacity optical network at 40 Gbps bit rate has better performance. It is proved that quality factor and bit error rate are function of fiber length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is the costliest gland disease in the world. Given the high rates of diabetic people, the necessity of reducing the costs of early re-hospitalization and increasing re-admissions within 30 days after discharge have drawn the attention of researchers and other health sector authorities to find ways to reduce potential and preventable hospital re-admissions. The objective of this paper is to estimate the risk of re-hospitalization of diabetic patients. In order to achieve this goal, the data were first pre-processed, and then, radial base function neural network combined with colonial competition optimization algorithm was used to estimate the risk of re-hospitalization of diabetic patients. Moreover, this risk was estimated using back propagation neural network algorithm and the radial base function neural network algorithm. The accuracy of the proposed method is 99.91. This method shows higher performance compared to radial base function neural network method and back propagation neural network without feature selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since two-wheeled and the self-balancing robot has a complicated and non-linear structure, its model has some uncertainties. These uncertainties cause that the system has an incorrect solution while using the classic methods for controlling of it. In this paper, a new method based on interval analysis is proposed for modeling the optimal control of the two-wheeled and self-balancing robot with interval uncertain parameters which require only lower and upper bounds of uncertain parameters, with no need to know about probability distributions. Since the system has uncertainties in it, controllability is first analyzed based on interval arithmetic. Afterwards, LQR based method based on Pontryagin principle is utilized to solve the problem. Finally, by solving the interval Ricatti equations, the confidence interval for feedback controller has been achieved. Final results are compared with Monte Carlo method and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, power system restructuring, demand response (DR) program and using of distributed generation (DG) are important issues to enhance reliability, power flow continuity and power quality for costumers. In this paper, scheduling of distributed networks with DR program for a 24-hours optimization problem is modelled. The DR program is based on load side participation and in order to solve this optimization problem, a new algorithm called Symbiotic Organism Search (SOS) has been used. Objective functions are system losses and operation costs reduction. After exact definition of the problem, objective functions and constraints, proposed method for short-term scheduling is simulated on a 33- bus standard network with MATLAB software for different scenarios. Simulation results show that adoption of demand response programs with proposed method has desirable performance to reduce losses and costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

by development of using software of Enterprise Content Management (ECM), necessity of improving electronic correspondence of inter-enterprise is felt more than before in order to enterprise cooperation. Despite existence of some bases for enterprise content management such as ECE protocol still there are some problems such as user intervention, delay, consumption of paper, parallelism, impossibility of tracking correspondence and security problems and possibility of enterprise cooperation is not provided well. Using architecture of service component which has advantages of serviceoriented approach such as simplicity, reusability, interoperability and flexibility produces an optimal solution for interoperability between systems and heterogeneous substrates by increasing the agility of integration of web services meanwhile it does not have overload due to services and minimizes costs of development and maintenance. Component service of ECES which is implemented by using architecture of service component supports ECE standards and makes doing electronic correspondence possible between enterprises of Iran. This service component, by addressing the ECE problems described above, can provide organizational collaboration for inter-organizational electronic correspondence, independent of interfacing servers, with higher security and speed, and less error and with capability of tracking correspondence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern electrical grid, accuracy and speed of fault clearance are the major challenges which need to be addressed. This paper covers a case study of fault location techniques in electrical transmission network, using numeric relay and offline fault locator. Healthiness of electrical transmission line is ensured using line signature analyzer. Comparative study of online and offline fault location in electrical transmission network has been carried out and the inferences are drawn. On the basis data available it can be said that the frequency of occurrence of single line to ground fault is maximum (about 75%) among various types of faults. Data at 220 kV and 132 kV substations has been collected and analyzed, keeping focus on single line to ground fault. Architecture of Substation Automation System (SAS) using single communication technology based on IEC 61850-8 and IEC 61850-9 is explained. Proposed architecture consisting of numeric meter with Java Compilation Unit (JCU) and Ethernet switch standardized as per IEC 61850 is demonstrated. The Java source code to send indications to output port of numeric meter is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sliding mode control is an efficient and robust control method widely used in nonlinear systems. Power systems are one of the largest nonlinear dynamic systems which their transient stability analyses have a lot of importance. In this paper, sliding mode control is applied for improving the low frequency oscillations damping of a single machine connected to an infinite bus. The performance of the system is analyzed in normal mode operation, post-fault state, after operation of relays (and opening the breakers in the both ends of the faulty line), and reclosing mechanism which returns the line to service. Here, TCSC is employed as an oscillation damper. TCSC can be considered as a controllable impedance determined by the sliding mode control. In addition, a dynamical observer is proposed for the sliding mode controller. Simulation results demonstrate that, the performance of the power system in damping the low frequency oscillations is improved significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security is considered to be one of the most important challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Due to inherent resource constraints in WSNs, traditional security mechanisms may not be used in these networks. In recent years, trust and reputation management in distributed systems has been proposed as a novel and accurate way for handling security deficiencies. Such deficiencies are deemed to be inherent in WSNs. Detecting malicious nodes is an important role of Trust models in WSNs. In line with reducing the above-mentioned deficiencies, this paper proposes a trust-based scheme for increasing security (TSIS) model for WSNs. The proposed trust-based scheme divides the network to several clusters. Inside each cluster, a special node named supervisor node is responsible for calculating the trusted values of other nodes. When supervisor nodes calculate trust value of other nodes within a cluster, they do not distribute these values. The receiver node requests the sender node authentication from its own supervisor node. The proposed method was simulated in the NS-2 environment. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method has improved energy efficiency and packet delivery rate. Hence, it has better performance than the earlier works with respect to the above-mentioned parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the simulation of the process of LDMOS transistor manufacturing by using Silvaco software and by relying on the ability of calculating the basic parameters of transistor dependencies, focusing on the optimization of the manufacturing process in order to increase the current of work. By using this simulation and reviewing each parameter, we can achieve the optimized manufacturing process by focusing each basic parameter and by paying attention to its required application. In order to design, we first define the construction procedures and the necessary processes using the Athena simulator, and then we use the Atlas device simulator to acquire electrical parameters. Simulation results show that by selecting the optimal parameters of the manufacturing process such as gate oxide thickness, channel length, and doping in channel, we can increase current of the LDMOS transistor [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the extremely-hot weather or transient heat waves, air conditioners are the main contributors to highest peak electricity demand which may lead to the widespread blackouts or brownouts. Meanwhile, electric drive vehicles are rapidly gaining popularity due to the global warming and energy crisis. Hence, this paper schedules on optimal charge and discharge decisions of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) in a residential cooling and power microgrid that is driven by a solar Stirling engine. In the presented microgrid, the solar dish Stirling heat engine is employed as an external combustion engine to supply the electricity requirement of compressor, evaporator and condenser fans and charge the PEVs in the off-peak cooling-load hours. During the on-peak periods, optimal discharge of PEVs increases total energy and emission savings, significantly. A thermodynamic based mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem is solved to minimize total electricity cost for a benchmark residential building located in a tropical region taking into account the operational constraints of the Stirling engine and the refrigeration cycle. Simulation results demonstrate that this micro-cogeneration system can be introduced as a near-zero energy building with zero-carbon footprint in the presence of PEVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engines with variable poppet valve timing systems are among numerous efforts that aim to reduce engine emissions and/or increase efficiency. In the present paper we have investigated the stability of a magnetic valve system in MATLAB. First we designed the magnet and interactive forces inside the electromagnetic valve system, then we produced a mechanical model for the system by using a two degree of freedom mass and spring system and finally designed a PID controller to maintain system stability. The results of the present study indicate that the controller had decreased the maximum valve displacement domain and duration from 2 mm to 0.001 mm and 0.1 seconds to 0.022 seconds, respectively. Poppet valve settling speed was 0.0126 and had a standard deviation of 0.1304 while the armature settling speed was 0.0184, with a standard deviation of 0.1363. Passes for the phases were -37.5 and -169, with gains of 10.3 and -9.35. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we presented a novel MEMS acoustic sensor using corrugated diaphragm. The corrugated diaphragm is used to decrease the effect of residual stress and thus improve the sensitivity of micromachined acoustic sensor. The displacement and mechanical sensitivity of flat and corrugated diaphragms, and also open-circuit sensitivity and pullin voltage of sensors are calculated using MATLAB and simulated using FEM (finite element method). The results show that the displacement and mechanical sensitivity of corrugated diaphragm are bigger than the flat one. The pullin voltage of corrugated sensor is smaller and the open-circuit sensitivity is much higher than the sensor with flat diaphragm. The results also show that the analytical model is very close with FEM simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]