83 results
Search Results
2. Moral thinking and communication competencies of college students and graduates in Taiwan, the UK, and the US: a mixed-methods study.
- Author
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Lee, Angela Chi-Ming, Walker, David I., Chen, Yen-Hsin, and Thoma, Stephen J.
- Subjects
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THOUGHT & thinking , *PSYCHOLOGY of college students , *ETHICS , *COMMUNICATIVE competence , *RESEARCH methodology , *INTERVIEWING , *COMPARATIVE studies , *COLLEGE graduates , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Moral thinking and communication are critical competencies for confronting social dilemmas in a challenging world. We examined these moral competencies in 70 college students and graduates from Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Participants were assessed through semi-structured written interviews, Facebook group discussions, and a questionnaire. In this paper, we describe the similarities and differences across cultural groupings in (1) the social issues of greatest importance to the participants; (2) the factors influencing their approaches to thinking about social issues and communicating with others; and (3) the characteristics of their moral functioning in terms of moral awareness, moral judgment, moral discourse, and moral decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Nature-based interventions in social work practice and education: Insights from six nations.
- Author
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Slattery, Maddy, Ramsay, Sylvia, Pryor, Anita, Gallagher, Hilary, Norton, Christine Lynn, Nikkel, Lynette, Smith, Amanda, Knowles, Ben, and McAuliffe, Donna
- Subjects
- *
PROFESSIONAL practice , *WELL-being , *FOCUS groups , *NATUROPATHY , *POPULATION geography , *COLLEGE teacher attitudes , *CULTURAL pluralism , *MENTAL health , *SOCIAL justice , *VIDEOCONFERENCING , *EXPERIENCE , *MENTAL healing , *PHILOSOPHY of education , *RESEARCH funding , *SOCIAL work education , *SOCIAL services , *NATURE , *INTERDISCIPLINARY education , *THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
This paper presents findings from an investigation of nature-based practices, from the perspectives of 10 academics/educators from six nations. Participants engaged in a focus group exploring the prevalence and inclusion of nature in social work practice and education. While the study focused on individual members' experiences and perspectives, the findings highlight important context-specific factors for including nature within social work to reconnect humans with nature for health, well-being, healing, and justice. An Integrative Environmental Model for social work is proposed to assist future practice and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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4. Multicultural Diversity Workforce and Global Technology Collaboration Empowered Semiconductor Manufacturing Excellence in Taiwan: A Manufacturing Engineer's Perspective.
- Author
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Shih, Albert J.
- Subjects
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DIVERSITY in the workplace , *SEMICONDUCTOR manufacturing , *SEMICONDUCTOR industry , *COVID-19 pandemic , *INTEGRATED circuits , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
This paper summarizes the perspectives from a manufacturing engineer on how the government policy, global partnership, and diversity of the United States (US), Japanese, European, and traditional Chinese cultures in Taiwan have created a workforce of semiconductor manufacturing talent in the past five decades. The complex interwoven events of Covid-19 pandemic, supply chain resilience, national security, and geopolitical conflicts have made semiconductor manufacturing a key focus of government policy. As a world leader in integrated circuit (IC) design, design software, equipment, and research, the US has struggled in the past few years on the high yield volume manufacturing of the most advanced logic IC and failed to translate research innovations to quality production. Manufacturing, not innovation or equipment, is a key barrier of the US semiconductor industry. Two models for excellence in advanced manufacturing are described. Three pillars of government policy, global collaboration, and multicultural diversity empower semiconductor manufacturing excellence in Taiwan is described. An approach to evaluate, select, educate, and train manufacturing talents is proposed. Directions for semiconductor manufacturing research are discussed. There is no genius in semiconductor manufacturing, which requires extensive experience and continuous improvement without shortcuts to be competitive. The steadfast good government policy, multicultural diversity workforce, and global technology collaboration to achieve semiconductor manufacturing excellence are the focus of the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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5. Health and Chinese Beliefs: A Scientometric Analysis of Health Literature Related to Taoism and Confucianism.
- Author
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Şenel, Engin
- Subjects
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BIBLIOMETRICS , *HEALTH , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PSYCHOLOGY & religion , *PHILOSOPHY , *MEDICAL research - Abstract
Taoism and Confucianism both exited simultaneously as philosophies of living in dynastic China. Although there has been an increasing popularity in scientometric studies, religion and health (R&H) literature lacks a holistic evaluation investigating articles relevant to Taoism and Confucianism. All publications produced in Taoism and Confucianism literature and indexed in Web of Science (WoS) databases between 1975 and 2018 were included in this study. Database search on health and Taoism literature retrieved 199 documents from WoS databases. Main research areas were Psychology, Religion and Behavioral Sciences (24.121, 21.608 and 20.603, respectively). The USA ranked first with 38 papers followed China, Taiwan and the UK (n = 35, 20 and 6 documents, respectively). Hong Kong Polytechnic University from China was the most contributor institution in health and Taoism literature. A total of 448 documents were published in health and Confucianism literature between 1975 and 2018, and original articles covered 93.08% of all literature. China was leading country with 126 articles followed by the USA, South Korea and Taiwan (n = 97, 35 and 35 items, respectively). The most productive institutions were City University of Hong Kong (China), Karolinska Institute (Sweden) and University of Hong Kong (China). Researchers from developing and least developed countries should be encouraged to carry out novel scientometric studies in R&H literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. Health and Ancient Beliefs: A Scientometric Analysis of Health Literature Related to Shamanism, Paganism and Spirituality.
- Author
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Şenel, Engin
- Subjects
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BIBLIOMETRICS , *CHRISTIANITY , *HEALTH attitudes , *MEDICAL literature , *SHAMANISM , *SPIRITUALITY - Abstract
Scientometrics is a popular statistical application providing data revealing publication trends and patterns in a certain academic field. A quite limited number of studies investigating scientometric features of health and religion literature have been reported in academic literature. The present study aims to present a holistic analysis of health literature related to Shamanism, Paganism and Spirituality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in this field. All data of this analysis were yielded from Web of Science databases. All documents produced between 1975 and 2017 were included. In Shamanism and health field, a total of 157 documents were found, and the USA covering 35.67% of all the literature was the leading country. University of California System (USA) was the most contributor institution. Our search on Paganism and health literature retrieved 51 published documents, and the most productive institution was National Dong Hwa University from Taiwan. A total of 7862 documents were detected in Spirituality and health literature, and the most prolific author in this field was Koenig HG with 82 papers. Journal of Religion and Health was noted to be the predominant academic source in health literature related to ancient beliefs. The number of the publications produced in Spirituality and health literature was greater than total number of all documents published in health literature related to Abrahamic religions, Dharmic religions, Shamanism and Paganism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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7. A Corpus-Based Exploration of the Discourse Marker Well in Spoken Interlanguage.
- Author
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Huang, Lan-fen
- Subjects
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DISCOURSE analysis , *INTERVIEWING , *LANGUAGE & languages , *RESEARCH funding , *SEMANTICS , *SPEECH evaluation , *VERBAL behavior , *VOCABULARY , *EMPIRICAL research - Abstract
This corpus-based study examines the widely-used discourse marker well in Chinese-speaking learners' speech and compares its frequencies in native speaker data and Swedish learners. While Swedish learners overuse well, Chinese-speaking learners (predominantly at the upper-intermediate level) significantly underuse it. The positions and functions of well are further examined using a functional framework. One-fourth of the Chinese-speaking learners who use well manipulate its positions in utterances in a similar way to native speakers. In terms of functions, well is employed for speech management much more frequently than for attitudinal purposes. The greater use of the former does not generally create negative effects, but the under-representation of the latter may suggest that Chinese-speaking learners sound too direct in certain contexts. The paper concludes by considering pedagogical implications for different first languages and proficiency levels and their possible applications to the instruction of well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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8. Engaging China while Defending Taiwan: Pivotal Deterrence and Domestic Politics in the Clinton, Bush, and Obama Administrations.
- Author
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Chen, Dean P.
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
A conference paper about U.S.-China conflict due to Taiwan is presented which was discussed at the 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, from August 30-September 2, 2012. The paper discusses topics including China's emerging global influence in the post-Cold War era and the U.S. involvement in the Taiwan Strait conflict.
- Published
- 2012
9. Defensive Commitment and the Likelihood of Militarized Conflict in the Cross-Strait Relations.
- Author
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Charles Chong-han wu and John Fuh-sheng Hsieh
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
A conference paper about militarized conflict in the cross-strait relations is presented which was prepared for presentation at the 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, from August 30-September 2, 2012. The paper discusses topics including the U.S.-China-Taiwan triangular relationships and the alliance-like arrangement between Taiwan and the U.S.
- Published
- 2012
10. When Is China's Military Modernisation Dangerous? Constructing the Cross-Strait Offence-Defence Balance and US Arms Sales to Taiwan.
- Author
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Chen, Ching-Chang and Shih, Chih-yu
- Subjects
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DEFENSE industries , *POLITICAL opposition , *POLITICAL parties , *MILITARY weapons - Abstract
This paper attempts to understand how and why China has been portrayed as the primary military threat in Taiwanese security discourse through an examination of offence-defence theory. It is based on the premise that those events or factors that one identifies as dangerous come to be ascribed as such only through an interpretation of their various dimensions of dangerousness. The paper first introduces the protracted debate among the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) government, the 'Pan-Blue' opposition parties and US officials and analysts over the 2004 Special Defence Budget controversy. In defence of its arms procurement program, the Chen Shui-bian administration resorted to a particular mode of interpreting danger, that is, the military balance across the Taiwan Strait has been shifting in China's favour and thus it is imperative to correct the imbalance through fielding the weapons systems provided by Washington. The paper then explores the underlying assumption of that pervasive interpretation in the official articulation of Chinese military threat in Taiwan and the United States, which holds that offensive advantages make war more likelyâ??a principal hypothesis of offence-defence theory. Rather than questioning the methodological ambiguities about how to define and measure the 'offence-defence balance', the paper argues that it is precisely these ambiguities that make China's threat image in Taiwan possible. The special budget case is indicative as to how Taiwan's defence policy is better understood as a political practice central to the constitution, production, and maintenance of a peace-loving Taiwanese identity contrary to the belligerent Chinese than as an instrument to build and maintain a capable defence posture against potential attacks from the mainland. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
11. The Sanctions Impact on Nuclear Reversal: A Case Study of Taiwan.
- Author
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Jacob, Neerada
- Subjects
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ECONOMIC sanctions , *NUCLEAR weapons , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *POLITICAL science , *DIPLOMACY - Abstract
This paper examines the role of economic sanctions in Taiwan's decision to reverse its nuclear weapons efforts. Sanctions have long been derided as an ineffective tool of foreign policy, particularly in "high politics" issues such as nuclear weapons programs. Contrary to the prevalent view, in this paper I demonstrate that economic sanctions led to nuclear reversal in Taiwan through the "compellence" mechanism. Drawing on the literature on coercive diplomacy, the paper concludes that Taiwan's dependence on the United States for its very survival facilitated successful US coercion to reverse its nuclear weapons program. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
12. Globalization and Security: Security Implications of the Taiwanese Chip Industry Migration to China.
- Author
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Ming-chin Monique Chu
- Subjects
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GLOBALIZATION , *NATIONAL security , *SEMICONDUCTOR industry , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *BALANCE of power - Abstract
This paper examines the various impacts of contemporary globalization on national security, with special reference to the migration of the Taiwanese semiconductor industry to China and its security challenges to the United States, Taiwan and China. The paper adheres to a sectoral approach to the study of globalization-security interconnections and adopts a broadly based definition of security pertaining to the case study in question that encompasses economic, technological and defense security. The analysis of the subject matter is grounded in evidence collected in more than 140 interviews with chip industry, defense sector and government insiders in the US and Asia, as well as English-language and Chinese-language secondary data. On sectoral migration, the paper argues that the scope of the migration is extensive, the direction complicated, the cause multiple, and the outcome significant in boosting the development of the indigenous Chinese chip industry. It has been discovered that some Taiwanese non-state chip actors have violated government regulations in the process of spearheading the migration, and some have even forged business ties with their PRC counterparts associated with the PLA. As for the ensuing security ramifications, it is argued that there is no immediate security risk involved, although long-term strategic repercussions are paramount. The depth and scope of the continuous sectoral migration in years to come will determine the level of economic security risks faced by the US and Taiwan. Long-term technological and defense security repercussions need to take into account two important elements at play: technological change in the sector (increasing commercial-to-military spin-on and dual-use nature of the chip technology), and the PRC dual-track (economic and defense) grand strategy behind its resolve to upgrade its indigenous chip capability. Four pertinent aspects are analyzed: (a) concerns over the PRC chip industrial base, its contribution to the PLA modernization and the ensuing shift in the balance of power in Beijing's favour; (b) technology-related misgivings over the trustworthy supplies of chips for the US and Taiwanese military end uses, as well as the shrinking "chip gap"; (c) fear of denial of chip supply due to foreign dependency; (d) dubious implementation of export control policies at the unilateral and the multilateral level that exacerbate some of the above security repercussions. The concluding section elucidates how the case study helps to show the impact of globalization on security as far as the agency and scope of security, the autonomy and capacity of the state, as well as the balance of power are concerned. To sum up, the study offers a fresh look at the complex security repercussions of the globalization of a strategic industry that occurs in a politically sensitive region in world politics today. It not only helps us disentangle an important policy issue, but also advances our theoretical understanding of the globalization-security interconnections in international relations today. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
13. The End of One-Party Dominance - Acomparative study of Taiwan and Mexico.
- Author
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Chen, Ketty W.
- Subjects
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POLITICAL parties , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *CULTURAL identity , *ACTIVISM , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The purpose for this research paper is to investigate the reasons behind the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) initiation of democratization in Taiwan in using the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) of Mexico as comparison. The KMT should be consider as one of the rare hegemonic ruling party in the world to survive democratic transitions intact, even though the nature and structures of the party have been changed tremendously through democratization. The PRI possess the same qualities. However, the reasons for initiating liberalization of the two parties were somewhat different. Ultimately, four explanatory factors (two internal, two external) emerged as the main contributors to the democratization process in Taiwan. They are: first, the development of Taiwanese identity different from that of the Chinese; second, the political demands and activism of a growing middle class due to the economic success; third, the changes in United States foreign policy towards the encouragement of democratization; and fourth and most importantly, the competition with China for support and the recognition from the international community and the need for the Taiwanese government to enhance its appeal to international supporters, particularly the United States. In addition, while the four factors mentioned above all contributed to the KMT-led democratization in Taiwan, the influence of the United State’s foreign policy in the Fast East and its support of democratic states should be considered the most significant factor contributing to the democratization in Taiwan. In sum, the hypothesis proposed by this research paper is that the accumulation and interaction of all four factors made democratization in Taiwan and the end of the KMT one-party dominance inevitable, with the external pressure from the U.S. essentially playing the most significant role in impelling the KMT elites’ decision to liberalize, adopt electoral reform and stop the persecution of the opposition. The theoretical approaches of the paper are as the following: this paper will adopt the definition of “democracy” provided by Linz and Stepan (1978) to serve as guidelines for whether there is democracy in both Taiwan and Mexico. The definition from Linz states that the criteria of democracy are: “ [The] legal freedom to formulate and advocate political alternatives with the concomitant rights to free association, free speech, and other basic freedoms of person; free and nonviolent competition among leaders with periodic validation of their claim to rule; inclusion of all effective political offices in the democratic process; and provision for the participation of all members of the political community. Practically, this means the freedom to create political parties and to conduct free and honest elections at regular intervals without excluding any effective political office from direct or indirect electoral accountability” (Linz, 5). The paper will also posit that Lipset’s take on modernization theory (1959) holds valid in the case of Taiwan. The economic success in the 1970s and 1980s created a large, well-organized middle class that in turn demanded more political freedom, equality and liberalization. In addition, the paper also addresses Linz and Diamond’s (1989) claim that the genesis and maintenance of democracy is ‘greatly facilitated by values and behavioral dispositions, particularly at the elite level, of compromise, flexibility, tolerance, conciliation, moderation and restraint” (Linz, 12). The methodology use by the paper will be comparative analysis on both the KMT and the PRI’s initiation to liberalize. The paper will also provide historical analysis on the nature of the KMT and its 50-year dominance on Taiwan. Lastly, the paper analyzes voter turn-outs and the results of the 2000 presidential election, which validated the consolidation of democracy in both Taiwan and Mexico. Maybe it is because of the geographic distance; Taiwan and Mexico are not often compared and studied together. Even though there are great differences between the KMT and PRI authoritarian regime, the end result of democratization and the eventual ousting of both parties from power were the same. The paper hopes to shed light on the reasons behind an elite-led liberalization by comparing two difference cases with the same end results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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14. Taiwan’s Arms Procurement Policymaking in Transition: The Kidds Acquisition Controversy.
- Author
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Chen, Roger S.
- Subjects
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DESTROYERS (Warships) , *MILITARY weapons , *MILITARY supplies , *WEAPONS systems - Abstract
Taiwan has become one of the major weapons importers in the past ten years and is likely to continue to be so for the foreseeable future. Constrained by an inadequate military technology base and increasing threats from China?s rapid arms upgrading, Taiwan?s primary approach to maintaining its defensive capability has become the acquisition of weapon systems from abroad, especially from the United States. However, recent open policy debates on arms procurement have exposed Taiwan?s longstanding problems in relation to the legitimacy of procurement policy making, which in turn has delayed weapon acquisition process. This paper closely examines Taiwan?s policy process in relation to the purchase of Kidd-class destroyers from the US Navy, which provoked unprecedented and heated domestic debates and disputes between the US and Taiwanese governments. Drawing on the notions of science and technology studies, this article analyzes the evolution and nature of the technology controversy in the case of the acquisition of the Kidd destroyers and in the context of Taiwan?s democratizing policy process. It argues that the technological rhetoric taken up by policy actors for policy advocacy is often not as rational and accurate as it appears. In fact, military professional judgments and technological rhetoric in the policy process tend to be manipulated and fluid. It is therefore found that Taiwan?s current arms procurement decision, which is almost initiated and dominated by the military services and their own assessments, has failed to gain appropriate legitimacy. In the initial stage of the acquisition of Kidd destroyers, the military proposal approved by the US left no alternative for domestic policy deliberation. The pressure of the acquisition schedule and legislative scrutiny easily drove the military to set the accomplishment of arms deal as a goal without carefully contemplating the accountability of internal assessments and policy alternatives. The present paper suggests that legislative deliberation should be applied to the early phrase of Taiwan?s procurement policy-making, so that alternative solutions and measures can be discussed and analyzed. The research also points to the need for the US, as a major supplier of arms to Taiwan, to pay more attention to and have more patience with Taiwan?s domestic response to weapons offers so as to maintain American long-term interests in the region. Given the growing number of civilian policy actors in the area of Taiwan?s defence policy, an acquisition process cannot be streamlined unless its policy legitimacy is secured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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15. Perspectives of elementary school educators in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the US on disability, stigmatization and children's developing self: Part 2: Solutions.
- Author
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Kayama, Misa, Haight, Wendy, Ku, May Lee, Cho, Minhae, and Lee, Hee Yun
- Subjects
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CHILD development , *CULTURE , *SCHOOL children , *SOCIALIZATION , *SOCIAL stigma , *ETHNOLOGY research , *CHILDREN with disabilities , *SOCIAL support , *COLLEGE teacher attitudes - Abstract
The stigmatization of children with disabilities at school is a culturally widespread social justice challenge. The paper is the second of a two-part series. In the first paper (Haight, Kayama, Ku, Cho, & Lee, 2016), we described the problem of stigmatization from the perspectives of experienced elementary school educators in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the US. In this paper, we focus on the solutions provided by these same educators; specifically, their perspectives on socialization practices to minimize stigmatization and support the development of self for children with disabilities and their typically-developing peers. We conducted cross-cultural analyses of individual, semi-structured, audio recorded interviews with 26 Japanese, 43 South Korean, 16 Taiwanese and 18 US educators, including school social workers. Educators from all research sites described socialization practices to support children with disabilities and their typically-developing peers. For children with disabilities, US educators focused on individualized support provided in private to minimize stigmatization. East Asian educators intentionally involved peers in supporting children with disabilities. For typically-developing peers, educators described cultivating empathy (Japan), providing formal disability awareness programs (South Korea), teaching moral values (Taiwan) and respecting individual differences (US). We discuss these socialization practices within educators' sociocultural-historical contexts. Educators' perspectives can be used to develop culture- and stigma-sensitive intervention programs for children with disabilities and their peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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16. Perspectives of elementary school educators in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the US on disability, stigmatization and children's developing self Part 1: Defining the problem in cultural context.
- Author
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Haight, Wendy, Kayama, Misa, Ku, May-Lee (Mary), Cho, Minhae, and Lee, Hee Yun
- Subjects
- *
CHILD development , *CULTURE , *EGO (Psychology) , *INTERVIEWING , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *POPULATION geography , *SCHOOL children , *SELF-perception , *SOCIAL stigma , *ETHNOLOGY research , *AFFINITY groups , *CHILDREN with disabilities , *COLLEGE teacher attitudes - Abstract
The stigmatization of individuals with disabilities is a widespread social justice issue. This paper introduces a study of disability, stigmatization and self for children with disabilities and their typically-developing peers. It is the first of two companion papers. It examines the problem of stigmatization from the perspectives of experienced elementary school educators practicing in diverse cultural contexts. We conducted cross-cultural analyses of individual, audio recorded interviews with 26 Japanese, 43 Korean, 16 Taiwanese and 18 US educators, including school social workers. Educators from all four cultural groups described disability and stigma as challenging children's development of self: children with disabilities may experience the self as isolated and inadequate, and typically-developing peers may experience the self as lacking culturally expected values of empathy and respect. Educators' understandings of children's experiences also were culturally nuanced. Educators variously described children with disabilities as experiencing a sense of not belonging [Japan], loss of motivation [South Korea], too much shame [Taiwan], and low self-esteem [US]. They variously described typically-developing children as challenged to show empathy [Japan], include children with disabilities in their peer group [South Korea], develop benevolence [Taiwan], and show respect for individual differences [US]. We contextualize educators' perceptions within their specific sociocultural-historical contexts. Our second paper will focus on solutions; specifically, educators' perspectives on how to minimize stigmatization and support the development of self for children with disabilities and their typically-developing peers. Together, these companion papers provide social workers with valuable perspectives for eliminating the stigmatization of children with disabilities in future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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17. Chinese academic contribution to burns: A comprehensive bibliometrics analysis from 1985 to 2014.
- Author
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Fan, XiaoMing, Gao, Ying, Ma, Bing, and Xia, ZhaoFan
- Subjects
- *
BURNS & scalds , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *IMPACT factor (Citation analysis) , *CLINICAL trials , *LITERATURE , *MEDICAL research , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *PERIODICAL articles - Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a survey of the academic contribution and influence of Chinese scholars in the field of burns.Method: The PubMed database was searched to obtain literature items originating from various countries and Chinese provinces from 1985 to 2014. The citation data were collected through the Google Scholar engine.Results: A total of 1037 papers published in 256 journals were included in this survey. China was second only to the USA in the number of publications on burns since 2010. In addition, the annual number of papers has increased significantly since 2001. The journal Burns published the most number of articles, but its proportion has been decreasing. Of the papers included in the survey, 58.34% were published in journals with a 5-year impact factor between 1 and 2, whereas only 3.66% were published in journals with an impact factor >5. Both total citations and citations per paper have decreased in the past decade. Randomized controlled trials or systematic reviews merely accounted for a small proportion. Twenty-nine provinces including 64 cities contributed one paper at least. The publications from Taiwan, Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, and Guangdong were high in both quantity and quality.Conclusion: The Chinese academic contribution to the field of burns is now on a rise. Although the quality of papers is lagging behind quantity, scholars and academies are dedicated to improving China's academic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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18. Post-Acute Care as a Key Component in a Healthcare System for Older Adults.
- Author
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Yu-Chun Wang, Ming-Yueh Chou, Chih-Kuang Liang, Li-Ning Peng, Liang-Kung Chen, and Ching-Hui Loh
- Subjects
- *
FUNCTIONAL loss in older people , *OLDER people , *ACUTE medical care , *U.S. states , *LONG-term care facilities , *PATIENT readmissions - Abstract
Older adults often experience functional decline following acute medical care. This functional decline may lead to permanent disability, which will increase the burden on the medical and long-term care systems, families, and society as a whole. Post-acute care aims to promote the functional recovery of older adults, prevent unnecessary hospital readmission, and avoid premature admission to a long-term care facility. Research has shown that post-acute care is a cost-effective service model, with both the hospital-athome and community hospital post-acute care models being highly effective. This paper describes the post-acute care models of the United States and the United Kingdom and uses the example of Taiwan's highly effective post-acute care system to explain the benefits and importance of post-acute care. In the face of rapid demographic aging and smaller household size, a post-acute care system can lower medical costs and improve the health of older adults after hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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19. Fault analysis for the same‐phase power supply scheme.
- Author
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Huang, Yu‐Wen and Chen, Tsai‐Hsiang
- Subjects
- *
SWITCHING power supplies , *SHORT-circuit currents , *FAULT currents , *POWER resources - Abstract
Following the theory and method of the 'same‐phase power supply scheme', as declared in United States and Taiwan patents, a novel power supply method is proposed to reduce damage to users when the supply power is in shortage. This paper proposes using the equivalent model function blocks, as built by MATLAB/Simulink, for simulations of the probable line‐to‐line and single line‐to‐ground faults in a distribution system when the power supply mode is switched from 'normal' to 'same‐phase'. The simulation results prove that, when the power supply is switched to the 'same‐phase' power supply mode, all the short‐circuit fault currents are a little lower than that in the 'normal' power supply mode, and the maximum difference is less than 3%. Therefore, when the supplying power of the system is in shortage or the power distribution system has a short‐circuit fault between phase lines, the system can be directly switched to the 'same‐phase' power supply mode and can continue supplying power to the essential and basic loads for life‐support and people's livelihoods. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The Spatial Organization of Elections and the Cube Law.
- Author
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Lin, Tse-min and Lee, Feng-yu
- Subjects
- *
UNITED States elections , *ELECTION law , *STANDARD deviations - Abstract
The Cube Law is a benchmark for the relationship between seats and votes for elections under the first-past-the-post system. Mathematically, there are two assumptions underlying the Cube Law: that the distribution of vote share at the district level is normal and that the standard deviation of the distribution is of a certain magnitude. While the first assumption is not unusual, the second begs an explanation why the standard deviation would be large enough to sustain the Cube Law. In this regard, scholars generally point to contagion or clustering in voting behavior.In this paper we argue that spatial autocorrelation can help explain the extent to which the relationship between seats and votes conform to the Cube Law. We demonstrate mathematically that an increase in the spatial autocorrelation in vote share indeed leads to an increase in its standard deviation. Empirically, we propose to investigate recent legislative elections in Taiwan and see how the spatial autocorrelation and standard deviation of vote share are related to each other and how they affect the relationship between seats and votes. We believe this project will enhance our understanding of the Cube Law. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
21. Subaltern Straits: Taiwan' s Mainstream Discourse on US-China-Taiwan Relations.
- Author
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Hwang, Ginger and Bo-yu Chen
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *SOVEREIGNTY ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
The mainstream discourse on cross-strait relations tends to reproduce the "crisis" than transform it. Analysts in Taiwan are complicit by loyally following US concepts, prescriptions, and strategies for the region. Some, however, are beginning to contest this traditional subjugation of Taiwan's interests and identity to US and Chinese hegemony. Nonetheless, they still abide by the US paradigm of triangular relations. This paper notes a third, emerging discourse that reframes US-China-Taiwan relations through a postcolonial understanding of sovereignty, cross-strait relations, and Taiwanese subjectivity. We characterize these three options, in reverse order, in Hirschman's terms of "exit," "voice, and "loyalty." But we amend these with Ling's differentiation of "formal" and "substantive" mimicry for "loyalty" and "voice," respectively. Both reflect conditions of postcolonial hybridity that mature, eventually, into a paradigmatic breakthrough or "exit." ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
22. Dangerous Differences: Crisis Management and Sino-American Naval Doctrines in the Taiwan Strait.
- Author
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Twomey, Christopher P.
- Subjects
- *
MILITARY doctrine , *DIPLOMACY , *BALANCE of power , *DETERRENCE (Military strategy) - Abstract
In previous work I argue for a connection between different military doctrinal cultures and the failure of coercive diplomacy. Different military cultures in the United States and China affected signaling, communication, perception, and assessments of the balance of power. This led to failures of deterrence and coercion during the Korean War. In this paper, I extend this idea into two additional naval cases: the deterrence of conflict in the Taiwan Strait in 1950 and today. I argue that Chinese naval doctrine today is, for cultural and organizational reasons, distinct from that of the United States. I assess the potential dangers this poses to the conduct of military diplomacy in the Taiwan Strait, and offer proposals to overcome or limit these challenges. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
23. Explaining U.S. Policy Towards China and Taiwan.
- Author
-
Redd, Steven B.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations ,CHINA-United States relations ,TAIWAN-United States relations - Abstract
This paper analyzes U.S. policy toward China and Taiwan. I begin with an examination of Cold War foreign policy across the various presidential administrations. I then move to an examination of post-Cold War foreign policy concentrating on the Clinton and Bush presidencies. I focus on comparing various administration approaches to the Taiwan crisis and how and why policies varied within and between administrations. I discuss the numerous international and domestic factors that have contributed to U.S. policy toward Taiwan and China. Throughout, I attempt to capture the competing interests involved and how these actors and events have complicated both foreign policy processes and outcomes. I conclude with a discussion of policy implications for the present and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
24. The American Factor in Sino-Japanese Relations.
- Author
-
Hong Liu
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *WORLD War II , *PEACE treaties - Abstract
This paper examines the role of the United States in Sino-Japanese relations since the end of World War II. Special emphasis is placed on three major debates between China and Japan where the American role appears to have been critical: (1) the history issue; (2) the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands dispute; and (3) the Taiwan issue. The central argument is that a series of institutional innovations, in Sino-Japanese relations introduced by the United States after the end of World War II, reinforced the U.S. alliance with Japan, and often rather indirectly accounts for the continuing tense relations between China and Japan. These developments, including the Tokyo War Crime Trials, the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951, the Okinawa reversion treaty in 1971, and the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty, have had a major influence on Sino-Japanese relations that endures today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
25. Modeling Cross-Strait Relations and Taiwan's Linkage Politics: Foreign Policy Implications for China-Taiwan-U.S. Relations.
- Author
-
James, Patrick, Drury, Cooper, and Yitan Li
- Subjects
- *
ELECTIONS , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,TAIWANESE politics & government ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
The article presents the conference paper titled "Modeling Cross-Strait Relations and Taiwan's Linkage Politics: Foreign Policy Implications for China-Taiwan-U.S. Relations" prepared for presentation at the "International Studies Association 2005 Annual Convention" in Honolulu, Hawaii. It emphasizes that China and the U.S. should avoid getting connected into any issues related to the Taiwan election.
- Published
- 2005
26. Explaining American Hegemony in the Taiwan Strait: Entangled Ally or Post-Cold War Imperialist?
- Author
-
Kennedy, Andrew B.
- Subjects
- *
COLD War, 1945-1991 , *IMPERIALISM , *HEGEMONY , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Why has the United States remained interested in Taiwan’s security in the post-Cold War era? Recent critiques of the American military presence in East Asia maintain that Washington developed an imperial mindset with respect to the region during the Cold War, a perspective that sustained interest in forward deployment following the Soviet Union’s demise. As an American Cold War ally, Taiwan was naturally included in this neo-imperial project. In this paper, I offer an alternative view, focusing on two critical episodes in the history of U.S.-Taiwan relations: the Sino-American normalization negotiations in the late 1970s and the confrontation over Taiwan in the mid-1990s. Drawing upon historical materials as well as interviews with key U.S. officials from the Carter and Clinton administrations, I argue that the U.S. has refused to abandon Taiwan as a result of interests created through several decades of close interaction. Moreover, rather than sustaining U.S. hegemony in East Asia, the American relationship with Taiwan has seriously complicated Washington’s pursuit of broader strategic goals in the region. Accordingly, notwithstanding recent interest in American empire among neo-conservatives, the persistence of the U.S. commitment to Taiwan reflects the long history of close association more than neo-imperial ambitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
27. Micro or Nano? Patenting Opportunities and Challenges for Chinese Herbal Medicine Product Inventions.
- Author
-
Hsiao, Jerry I-H
- Subjects
- *
HERBAL medicine , *PATENTS , *CHINESE medicine - Abstract
The advances in ultra-micro powder and nanotechnology have brought a new wave of interest to the modernization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM). This paper suggests that CHM product inventions under ultra-micro powder technology will be less patentable than nano CHM product inventions. However, nano CHM also possesses several unique patenting issues. Using U.S. and Taiwan patent jurisprudence, this paper looks into some of the patent applications in China to identify the patentability issues and to provide recommendations to overcome these obstacles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
28. A fuzzy multi-criteria model for the industrial cooperation program transaction strategies: A case in Taiwan
- Author
-
Lu, Wen-Min and Wang, Tsung-Cheng
- Subjects
- *
MULTIPLE criteria decision making , *GOVERNMENT purchasing , *INDUSTRIAL procurement , *DIESEL motors , *FUZZY systems , *FUZZY integrals - Abstract
Abstract: In international trade offset practices (in Taiwan known as industrial cooperation program, ICP) have received increased attention over the past 20 years. In the coming 10 years, the Taiwanese government may expend roughly US$16 billion for purchasing Patriot-III missiles, P-3 long-range anti-submarine planes, and diesel-engine submarines from the United States through foreign military sale, and can achieve US$8 billion ICP credit the largest in Taiwanese history. Offsets or ICP can be regarded as fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems, therefore, the fuzziness and uncertainty of subjective perception should be considered. This paper provides an alternative approach, the non-additive fuzzy integral, to deal with the fuzzy MCDM problems especially when there is dependence among considered criteria. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss with Taiwan’s ICP Optimal Offset Transaction Policy and propose a framework of drawing on ICP credit in future. This paper considers the four aspects of policy, ability, economy, and environment, to establish a set of fuzzy AHP multiple criteria decision mode to identify the evaluative criteria variables and project item’s order for ICP project. This decision mode was identified as a workable method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Evaluation of Geofoam as a Geotechnical Construction Material.
- Author
-
Lee-Kuo Lin, Li-Hsien Chen, and Chen, Roger H. L.
- Subjects
- *
FOAMED materials , *CONSTRUCTION materials , *POLYSTYRENE , *ENGINEERING geology - Abstract
Geofoam has the scientific name of expanded polystyrene (EPS). A block of EPS is made from particles of polystyrene through an expanding and melting process in an automatic mold machine by adding steam. The geofoam construction method employs large EPS blocks with unit weights between 12 and 30 kgforce/m3. In the 1970s, the use of EPS as a lightweight embankment in highway and earthwork developed concurrently in the United States and Norway. Most notably, in 1972, the Norwegian Road Research Laboratory placed geofoam in the approach fill of the Flom Bridge. The advantages of this construction method are that geofoam can be used not only to replace ground fill material but also to reduce the load applied to the foundation. This paper will introduce the following topics related to geofoam: the background and inspection conditions in Taiwan, United States, and Japan, the quality investigation of EPS production, and the experimental and analysis results of EPS manufacturing quality and homogenous test. This research illustrated that the quality control chart can analyze the stability of manufactured EPS. Meanwhile, the homogeneous testing method, which is put forth in this paper, can actually examine the stability of EPS manufacturing procedure. The results of this study can be used as the reference for quality control of geofoam. The issue of geofoam used for collision prevention, self-weight decreasing, and landslide resistance in geotechnical engineering will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Student Perceptions of an EFL Undergraduate Research Writing Project.
- Author
-
Chun-Chun Yeh
- Subjects
- *
ENGLISH as a foreign language , *ACADEMIC discourse , *COLLEGE students , *COLLEGE freshmen - Abstract
Undergraduate research paper has long been a tradition in US freshman composition programs, although whether the research paper should or can be taught in the English department continues to be debated. In many of the English departments in Taiwan, students are also required to compose a research paper for their composition class. However, there has been little research conducted on the writing process and on the student perceptions of this specific genre in an EFL learning context. This qualitative study, involving one American instructor and seven Taiwanese college students majoring in English, traced a research writing project, carried out as part of the writing curriculum, from start to finish. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted with each of the students in the beginning, middle and end of the research project. The findings indicate that the students saw information arrangement and display as the main purpose of the research paper. For various reasons, the students perceived the research project as beneficial, although during the implementation of the project they encountered difficulties such as time and resource constraints, problems with using sources in Chinese, difficulties with synthesizing information from multiple sources, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The 'Flying Geese Development' model of the IT industry in East Asia.
- Author
-
Chiang, HsiuHua
- Subjects
- *
INFORMATION technology , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *GLOBALIZATION , *ECONOMIC forecasting , *EXPORTS , *ECONOMETRICS - Abstract
The IT industry developed in the United States and was then transmitted to Japan and further to Taiwan, South Korea, and China. Adopting the 'Flying Geese development' model as its analytical framework, this paper examines the development of the IT industry and the changes in the exports and imports of the five economies. This paper estimated comparable time series data on the production, export, and import of IT goods and IT services separately for the five economies. It found that the US has already reached the reverse import stage for IT goods while East Asian economies are at the export stage. Furthermore, only the US exports IT services to the other four. It also provides an econometric analysis of the mechanism of international transmission of the IT industry. This paper also takes into account foreign direct investment, OEM, and mobility of IT specialists into the analysis and refers to the possibility of leapfrogging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Differentiation in the Source of Internal Control for Chinese.
- Author
-
Chia, Rosina C., Cheng, B. S., and Chuang, C. J.
- Subjects
- *
LOCUS of control , *SOCIAL learning , *PERSONALITY , *CULTURE , *PSYCHOLOGY , *COLLEGE students - Abstract
In Rotter's social learning theory, internal locus of control was conceived to reside within the self. In the last three decades, different researchers have suggested modifications to the concept of locus of control, but no one has questioned Rotter's assertion that the source of internal control lies within the self. This paper suggests that there might be multiple sources, i.e., direct and indirect sources, of internal control for people from collectivist cultures. The direct source is the traditional one, which comes from the self. The indirect source can come from extensions of oneself, such as one's close in-group members. This indirect source had been viewed previously as the source of external control in individualist cultures. This paper presents cultural and historical background, as well as data from an empirical study, to support the hypothesis that there could be both direct and indirect sources of internal control for people in collectivist cultures. The study included 86 American college students and 180 college students from Taiwan. Data from the study supported the single-source theory for Americans and multiple-source theory for Chinese. Implications for cross-cultural differences in locus of control were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
33. Comparing English, Mandarin, and Russian hydrographic and terrain categories.
- Author
-
Feng, Chen-Chieh and Sorokine, Alexandre
- Subjects
- *
GEOSPATIAL data , *LANGUAGE & languages , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems - Abstract
The paper compares hydrographic and terrain categories in the geospatial data standards of the United States, Taiwan, and Russian Federation where the dominant languages used are from different language families. It aims to identify structural and semantic differences between similar categories across three geospatial data standards. By formalizing the data standard structures and identifying the properties that differentiate sibling categories in each geospatial data standard using well-known formal relations and quality universals, we develop a common basis on which hydrographic and terrain categories in the three data standards can be compared. The result suggests that all the three data standards structure categories with a mixture of relations even though most of them are well-known relations in top-level ontologies. Similar categories can be found across all the three standards. Cases of categories from different standards carrying identical meaning are rare. Partial overlaps in the meaning of the similar categories can be a direct result of different quality universals at work in defining and distinguishing these categories, or in the case of these categories being ordered by size, the threshold values for distinguishing the categories are ambiguous and language-dependent. Understanding these differences avoids incorrect mappings of categories in multilingual applications. More importantly, it provides a starting point for more effective mapping between hydrographic and terrain categories between English, Mandarin, and Russian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Processing Chinese relative clauses in context.
- Author
-
Gibson, Edward and Wu, H.-H. Iris
- Subjects
- *
ANALYSIS of variance , *CHINESE people , *COMPUTER software , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *COMPARATIVE grammar , *MEMORY , *RESEARCH funding , *PHONOLOGICAL awareness , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
This paper presents a self-paced reading experiment comparing the processing of subject-extracted relative clauses (SRCs) and object-extracted relative clauses (ORCs) in supportive contexts in Chinese. It is argued that lack of a consistent pattern in the literature for the comparison between Chinese SRCs and ORCs is due to potential temporary ambiguity in these constructions in null contexts. By placing the materials in contexts biased towards a relative clause (RC) interpretation, we limit the effects of temporary ambiguity. The results of the experiment demonstrate that SRCs are read more slowly than ORCs in supportive contexts. These results provide evidence for working memory-based sentence processing theories whereby processing difficulty increases for connecting sentence elements that are further apart. Some convergent evidence that strengthens these conclusions comes from recent research on aphasic populations where a dissociation between English and Chinese RC processing has been revealed: whereas English aphasic patients have more difficulty with ORCs and Chinese aphasic patients have more difficulty with SRCs (Su, Lee, & Chung, 2007). Taken together, these results support the idea that sentence processing is constrained by working memory limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Comparing Jiang Zemin's Impatience with Hu Jintao's Patience Regarding the Taiwan Issue, 1989–2012.
- Author
-
Chen, Chien-Kai
- Subjects
- *
PATIENCE ,CHINA-Taiwan relations - Abstract
Although the essence of China's Taiwan policy has not changed from the era of Jiang Zemin to the present, the era of Hu Jintao, Jiang's and Hu's attitudes are different. Jiang was impatient with the delay in the unification of China and Taiwan, talking about timetables for unification; however, Hu has so far been patient, saying that he is not afraid of delaying unification. The purpose of this paper is to explain why their attitudes are different. I argue that two factors combine to result in Jiang's impatience and Hu's patience: conflicting ‘perceptions of Taiwan's domestic politics and Taiwan's China policy’ and differing ‘perceptions of the US behavior and attitude regarding Taiwan’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. What You See Is (Not) What You Get? The Taiwan Question, Geo-economic Realities, and the 'China Threat' Imaginary.
- Author
-
Lim, Kean Fan
- Subjects
- *
SOVEREIGNTY , *GEOPOLITICS , *BALANCE of power , *INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,UNITED States. Taiwan Relations Act ,CHINA-United States relations - Abstract
Despite emergent trends of geo-economic integration between nation-states, the role of realist-driven geopolitical calculation appears highly enduring. This paper explores the potential contradictions between state-centric geopolitical concerns and transnational geo-economic formation through an exploration of China-US tensions over Taiwan, a territory of indeterminate geo-legal status and which China regards as its own province. I consider how the Taiwan Relations Act, a domestic public law of the US that frames US-Taiwan relations and has a major influence on East Asian geopolitics, could contradict emergent 'China region', and possibly even China-US, geo-economic integration. This is because the US-sustained arms sales to Taiwan rest on imagining and containing China as a 'threat', while geo-economic integration entails enrolling China as a strategic partner, if not an ally. Consequently, the Taiwan issue could stifle the enhancement of Sino-American relations at a historical juncture when the Chinese and American economies are more intertwined than ever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Development of the TCDB-NHIRD Linked Database: what can we learn from the SEER-Medicare Database in the United States?
- Author
-
I-WEN PAN, CHUN-RU CHIEN, and YA-CHEN TINA SHIH
- Subjects
- *
MEDICAL databases , *DATABASE design , *CANCER , *NATIONAL health insurance , *CANCER patients , *COMPUTER network resources - Abstract
In the United States, the SEER-Medicare data link cancer patients in the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) Program with Medicare enrollment to identify cancer patients who are eligible for Medicare and to provide Medicare Claims for these patients. Statistics from the National Cancer Institute show that there are over 650 peer-reviewed publications using the SEER -Medicare database. This database has been the primary data source for health services research in oncology since its inception, and it has made tremendous contributions to policies related to cancer control, treatment, and surveillance in the United States. The National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), established at the initiation of the Taiwan's National Health Insurance program in 1995, is a claims database. The Taiwan Cancer Database (TCDB), based on the Taiwan Cancer Registry, was established in 2002. The creation of a TCDB-NHIRD linked database could produce a SEER-Medicare-like database and has the potential to become an invaluable resource for cancer as well as policy researchers in Taiwan. This paper introduces the SEER-Medicare database, including data collection, software, applications of the database, data elements, structure, validation, the data request and application process, limitations of the database, and privacy and confidentiality issues. We then use a previously published breast cancer study to demonstrate the procedures involved in generating research from the SEER-Medicare database, followed by recommendations for the future development of a database that links TCDB to the NHIRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
38. An analysis of third-party logistics performance and service provision
- Author
-
Liu, Chiung-Lin and Lyons, Andrew C.
- Subjects
- *
THIRD-party logistics , *FINANCIAL performance , *ECONOMIC value added (Corporations) , *QUALITY of service , *COMMUNICATIONS industries , *CONSUMERS , *ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Abstract: The aim of the research described in this paper is to evaluate the relationship between the service capabilities and performance of UK and Taiwanese third-party logistics (3PL) providers. A study is presented based on a recent survey. The results identify the most important services offered by 3PLs and the most important aspects of 3PL operational performance. The results also suggest that excellence in operations is more important than wide-ranging service provision. Furthermore, the research suggests that the range of service provision offered by 3PLs does not directly influence the 3PLs’ financial performance. However, 3PL providers with service capabilities that correspond to the key priorities of customers will gain superior financial performance through a better operational performance. Similarities and differences between logistics practices in the UK and Taiwan are highlighted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Fundamental Fraction Knowledge of Preservice Elementary Teachers: A Cross-National Study in the United States and Taiwan.
- Author
-
Luo, Fenqjen, Lo, Jane-Jane, and Leu, Yuh-Chyn
- Subjects
- *
ELEMENTARY education , *STUDENT teachers , *LEARNING by teaching , *TEACHERS - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to show the similarities as well as the differences of fundamental fraction knowledge owned by preservice elementary teachers from the United States ( N= 89) and Taiwan ( N= 85). To this end, we examined and compared their performance on an instrument including 15 multiple-choice test items. The items were categorized into four different types of fundamental fraction constructs, including part-whole relationship, quotient, equivalence, and meanings of operations. Each item was embedded in the area, linear, or set model except for the items constructed out of the meaning of operations. Several items were featured with a pictorial illustration. Quantitative analysis showed that U.S. preservice teachers were significantly outperformed by their Taiwanese counterparts overall. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant on 12 of 15 items. Findings suggest that preservice elementary teachers from both countries need to be better prepared in their understanding of the meaning of fraction multiplication or division operations. Findings also suggest that U.S. preservice elementary teachers need to be more knowledgeable in dealing with fraction problems embedded in a linear model. Further research is suggested to study the issues raised from the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. United States and Evolving Cross-Strait Relations.
- Author
-
Wang, Jianwei
- Subjects
- *
DEFENSE industries ,TAIWAN-United States relations ,CHINA-Taiwan relations - Abstract
The article discusses the U. S. role in cross-strait relations before and after the political power transition in Taiwan during 2008. It explores the question of whether a new dynamic is shaping the Beijing-Taipei-Washington trilateral relations with the significant relaxation of cross-strait relations, and how that affects Washington's ability to influence the direction of cross-strait relations in the future. More specifically the paper analyzes the role the United States played in shaping the new reality in the Taiwan Straits, and the evolving thinking on Taiwan in American strategic and political circles. It will also discuss how Washington has managed the cross-strait relations so far as well as how Beijing and Taipei have handled the American factor on some sensitive issues. Finally it will look at the potential benefits and limitations that the United States could contribute to achieving a higher level of reconciliation and integration between the two sides across the Taiwan Straits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Scholarly journal use and reading behavior of social scientists in Taiwan
- Author
-
Wang, Mei-Ling
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL scientists , *SCHOLARLY periodicals , *READING , *SCHOLARLY communication , *SOCIAL science research , *UNIVERSITY faculty , *ACCESS to information - Abstract
This paper reports on a study of social scientists’ information seeking and use of scholarly journals to support scholarly communication and information needs. The goals of the study are: to explore the characteristics of information needs for social scientists; to discuss the importance of scholarly journals to social scientists and their information seeking and access means; to identify article reading patterns of social scientists; and to make comparisons between scholarly journals use and reading patterns of social scientists and other scientists in Taiwan and the USA. The author used a questionnaire survey and interview methods to investigate the information seeking, use and reading of scholarly journals, and article deep reading patterns of social scientists. The target population was social science faculty members from National Cheng-chi University in Taiwan. The article explores the characteristics of information needs for social scientists and shows that scholarly journals are important information resources for university social science faculty. Social science faculty in Taiwan use scholarly journals in multiple languages, mainly English, Chinese, German, and Japanese, which is different from scientists in the United States. In addition, they use electronic journals more than print journals. The number of article readings by social science faculty members was approximately 195 readings per year and nearly 440 h were spent reading per year. In contrast to scientists in the United States, the social scientists in Taiwan read fewer readings, spent more time reading, and read older articles. In addition, the study identifies article reading patterns of social scientists and proposes a six-type taxonomy of article deep reading. The study reports the scholarly journal use and reading behavior model of social scientists and shows there are some differences in scholarly journal seeking and use by social science faculty in Taiwan and scientists in the United States. Further studies of scholarly journal and electronic journal use and reading by social scientists across countries, subject disciplines, and languages of journals are needed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. SURROGACY: DONOR CONCEPTION REGULATION IN JAPAN.
- Author
-
SEMBA, YUKARI, CHANG, CHIUNGFANG, HONG, HYUNSOO, KAMISATO, AYAKO, KOKADO, MINORI, and MUTO, KAORI
- Subjects
- *
LEGAL status of ovum donors , *LEGAL status of sperm donors , *ADOPTION , *HUMAN reproductive technology , *INFERTILITY , *SURROGATE mothers , *SOCIAL attitudes , *ETHICS - Abstract
As of 2008, surrogacy is legal and openly practised in various places; Japan, however, has no regulations or laws regarding surrogacy. This paper reports the situation of surrogacy in Japan and in five other regions (the USA, the UK, Taiwan, Korea and France) to clarify the pros and cons of prohibiting surrogacy, along with the problems and issues relating to surrogacy compensation. Not only in a country such as France that completely prohibits surrogacy within the country, but also in a country such as the UK that allows non-commercial surrogacy, infertile couples travel overseas for the purpose of surrogacy. In addition, some couples might seek underground surrogacy if the government prohibits surrogacy. If an intended parent couple and a surrogate make an agreement among themselves and then a problem occurs, they cannot ask for support from professionals or bring a case to court, as can be observed in South Korea and Taiwan. We also conclude that there is little difference between commercial surrogacy and non-commercial surrogacy in the absence of a clear definition of ‘reasonable expenses.’ In the UK, the law does not allow surrogates to receive compensation. However, in reality, there may be little difference between the amounts paid to surrogates for profit in the US and those paid to surrogates for reasonable expenses in the UK. We conclude that the issue of surrogacy demands further discussion in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. An in-depth assessment of a diagnosis-based risk adjustment model based on national health insurance claims: the application of the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Group case-mix system in Taiwan.
- Author
-
Hsien-Yen Chang and Weiner, Jonathan P.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL health insurance , *DIAGNOSIS , *RISK (Insurance) , *MEDICAL care costs , *MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Background: Diagnosis-based risk adjustment is becoming an important issue globally as a result of its implications for payment, high-risk predictive modelling and provider performance assessment. The Taiwanese National Health Insurance (NHI) programme provides universal coverage and maintains a single national computerized claims database, which enables the application of diagnosis-based risk adjustment. However, research regarding risk adjustment is limited. This study aims to examine the performance of the Adjusted Clinical Group (ACG) case-mix system using claims-based diagnosis information from the Taiwanese NHI programme. Methods: A random sample of NHI enrollees was selected. Those continuously enrolled in 2002 were included for concurrent analyses (n = 173,234), while those in both 2002 and 2003 were included for prospective analyses (n = 164,562). Health status measures derived from 2002 diagnoses were used to explain the 2002 and 2003 health expenditure. A multivariate linear regression model was adopted after comparing the performance of seven different statistical models. Split-validation was performed in order to avoid overfitting. The performance measures were adjusted R² and mean absolute prediction error of five types of expenditure at individual level, and predictive ratio of total expenditure at group level. Results: The more comprehensive models performed better when used for explaining resource utilization. Adjusted R² of total expenditure in concurrent/prospective analyses were 4.2%/4.4% in the demographic model, 15%/10% in the ACGs or ADGs (Aggregated Diagnosis Group) model, and 40%/22% in the models containing EDCs (Expanded Diagnosis Cluster). When predicting expenditure for groups based on expenditure quintiles, all models underpredicted the highest expenditure group and overpredicted the four other groups. For groups based on morbidity burden, the ACGs model had the best performance overall. Conclusions: Given the widespread availability of claims data and the superior explanatory power of claims-based risk adjustment models over demographics-only models, Taiwan;s government should consider using claims-based models for policy-relevant applications. The performance of the ACG case-mix system in Taiwan was comparable to that found in other countries. This suggested that the ACG system could be applied to Taiwan's NHI even though it was originally developed in the USA. Many of the findings in this paper are likely to be relevant to other diagnosis-based risk adjustment methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Analysis of the Trend of Foreign Students Coming to Taiwan for Higher Education and the Marketing Strategy.
- Author
-
Hsiao Ching-Mei and Wang Su-Man
- Subjects
- *
FOREIGN students , *FORECASTING , *HIGHER education , *MARKETING strategy , *EXECUTIVE advisory bodies - Abstract
This paper applies grey forecast model to predict the number of foreign students coming from Asia, America, Europe, Oceania and other regions to Taiwan for higher education in the future. It also uses a viewpoint of service marketing to analyze the students' development in the future. The research outcomes can provide references of planning international alternating of higher education to higher education organizations and executive bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
45. FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Spacecraft Constellation System, Mission Results, and Prospect for Follow-On Mission.
- Author
-
Chen-Joe Fong, Yen, Nick L., Chung-Huei Chu, Shan-Kuo Yang, Wen-Tzong Shiau, Cheng-Yung Huang, Sien Chi, Shao-Shing Chen, Yuei-An Liou, and Ying-Hwa Kuo
- Subjects
- *
ARTIFICIAL satellites , *SPACE vehicles , *GLOBAL Positioning System , *ORBITS (Astronomy) , *RADIOSONDES - Abstract
The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC spacecraft constellation consisting of six LEO satellites is the world's first operational GPS Radio Occultation (RO) mission. The mission is jointly developed by Taiwan's National Space Organization (NSPO) and the United States' UCAR in collaboration with NSF, USAF, NOAA, NASA, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the US Naval Research Laboratory. The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites were successfully launched from Vandenberg US AFB in California at 0140 UTC 15 April 2006 into the same orbit plane of the designated 516 km altitude. The mission goal is to deploy the six satellites into six orbit planes at 800 km altitude with a 30-degree separation for evenly distributed global coverage. All six FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites are currently maintaining a satisfactory good state-of-health. Five out of six satellites have reached their final mission orbit of 800 km as of November 2007. The data as received by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites constellation have been processed in near real time into 2500 good ionospheric profiles and 1800 good atmospheric profiles per day. These have outnumbered the worldwide radiosondes (∼900 mostly over land) launched from the ground per day. The processed atmospheric RO data have been assimilated into the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models for real-time weather prediction and typhoon/hurricane forecasting by many major weather centers in the world. This paper describes the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellite constellation system performance and the mission results that span the period from April 2006 to October 2007; and reviews the prospect of a future follow-on mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Legislative Foundations of U.S.–Taiwan Relations: A New Look at the Congressional Taiwan Caucus.
- Author
-
Kastner, Scott L. and Grob, Douglas B.
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL doctrines , *UNITED States legislators , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,FOREIGN relations of the United States, 2001-2009 - Abstract
Taiwan remains central to peace and stability in U.S.–China relations, and to prospects for democracy and prosperity in the Far East. The Taiwan Relations Act assigns to the U.S. Congress a greater role in the formulation of U.S. policy toward Taiwan than it exercises in other areas of foreign policy. Within the U.S. House of Representatives, the only organization that is explicitly supportive of a robust U.S.–Taiwan relationship is the Congressional Taiwan Caucus. Yet there exists, to our knowledge, no systematic empirical study of the correlates of Caucus membership. Few studies systematically analyze the factors that impel Members of Congress publicly to take positions that favor Taiwan. This paper addresses that gap with respect to the 109th Congress (2005–2006). We develop a method of analyzing Caucus membership and show that it yields new empirical findings about the micro-foundations of Taiwan policy making in Congress. Unlike previous studies, our unit of analysis is not the legislature, nor the legislative chamber, nor the parties within the chamber. We drill down further, collecting data at the level of the individual Member. For the 109th Congress, we find evidence that (1) Caucus membership is related in identifiable and quantifiable ways to left/right ideology, district demographics, personal interest and individual-level engagement with human rights. (2) Party has no independent effect on the likelihood of Caucus membership, but it does condition other factors. Put simply, Republicans and Democrats join the Caucus for different reasons. Election-induced changes in the composition of Congress may influence U.S. policy toward Taiwan. The findings presented here enhance our understanding of and ability to anticipate the nature of that influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Continuity or Change: US Policy & Taiwan.
- Author
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Hickey, Dennis V.
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *GOVERNMENT policy , *POLITICAL planning , *ECONOMIC development , *PUBLIC administration , *TRADE regulation ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
Although the government and society of the Republic of China's (ROC or Taiwan) have changed markedly in the new millennium, the fundamentals of US policy toward the island remain intact. This study outlines recent developments in Taiwan and shows how they represent challenges to the US. It also discusses American policy toward Taiwan and examines several proposals for change that an American administration may wish to consider. In conclusion, the paper explains why the current policy, albeit contradictory and ambiguous, is in the best interest of the United States. There is a strong possibility that any major change in policy would succeed only in undermining peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Comparison of Technology Utilization and Benefits in Taiwanese and U.S. Industries.
- Author
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Yang, Li-Ren, O’Connor, James T., and Huang, Chung-Fah
- Subjects
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TECHNOLOGY , *INDUSTRIAL management , *BUSINESS intelligence - Abstract
Lack of information regarding technology benefits along with uncertain competitive advantage from new technology have resulted in industry reluctance to implement new technologies. Three hundred and seven completed projects from across Taiwan and the United States have each been assessed for the levels of technology employed on 68 different common project work functions (WFs). In addition, the projects have been assessed for the levels of overall project cost- and schedule-performance attained. This paper reports on the details and findings of this study. Specifically, differences in technology usage between the Taiwanese and U.S. industries are analyzed. Project technology findings are presented by project phase and work function—both task automation-type work functions and integration-link WFs. Project success findings for the Taiwanese and U.S. industries are presented and comparisons across national boundaries are discussed. Findings from this study can provide information on the difference in technology usage and benefits between the Taiwanese and U.S. industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The Division of Household Labor in Taiwan.
- Author
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Chiung-Yin Hu and Kamo, Yoshinori
- Subjects
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HOUSEHOLDS , *GENDER , *LABOR , *CULTURE , *EDUCATION , *INCOME , *OCCUPATIONAL prestige , *EMPLOYEE participation in management - Abstract
In this paper, we examine how the interplay between economic resources and gender may explain the division of household labor in Taiwan, a society with the rich heritage of Chinese culture. As one of the few studies on the division of household labor among married couples in non- western settings, our analyses show both the similarities and differences between Taiwanese and American couples. Specifically, we found that men's share of household labor was explained by their income, education, gender ideology, and the number of children, which is relatively similar to previous findings in the United States. On the contrary, none of the above factors shows significant effects on women's share of household labor. Instead, we found that higher occupational status decreases women' share of household labor. Moreover, we found that unemployed husbands share less household labor and women with equal or higher occupational status relative to their spouses perform more household labor in extended families, indicating that couples in these households try to neutralize their unconventional roles through household labor participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Comparison of risk management in Taiwan and the USA.
- Author
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Lin L
- Subjects
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RISK management in business , *HOSPITALS , *MANAGEMENT , *RISK - Abstract
Aim The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the systems of risk management between a hospital in the USA and a hospital in Taiwan.Background By comparing both systems, nurses and managers will have a better understanding of risk management improvements and be in a better position to protect their patients and themselves.Evaluation Two interviews were conducted and literature were collected and reviewed by the author to support the argument. The gathered information was analysed to demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of both hospital systems.Key issues Although risk management is not difficult to understand, nurses and managers usually pay insufficient attention to it.Conclusion Health care providers should work as a team to complete risk assessment and management in their workplaces. There are weaknesses to be improved and strengths to be continued and addressed in Taiwan and in the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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