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Developing cost-effective and stable materials for the electrocatalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains challenging. In this study, efficient catalysts for HER were synthesized by integrating the cobalt and molybdenum oxides via electrodeposition, followed by subsequent sulfurization of the as-prepared oxides using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This methodology allowed the incorporation of both cobalt and molybdenum components into the catalyst in a single step. The as-synthesized CoSx@MoSx/MoOx-based catalysts exhibited excellent hydrogen production performance in acidic media owing to the presence of Co-S and Mo-S bonds in the hybrid structure. Particularly, CoSx@MoSx/MoOx(90@360) and MoSx@CoOx(180@180) displayed the best HER performances with low overpotentials of 80 mV and 150 mV, respectively. The catalysts were highly stable, with their stability preserved for over 1000 cycles with marginal reduction in overall efficiency. Therefore, these findings suggest the potential of CoSx@MoSx/MoOx and MoSx@CoOx composites as ideal candidates for developing low-cost catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating more active components into a catalyst material could facilitate the development of multifunctional electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage applications. In this study, we developed a multifunctional electrocatalyst, namely, Pd alloyed with Co-Fe deposited on N-doped mesoporous carbon derived from tissue paper (Pd@Co-Fe/N-TDC). The synergism in Pd@Co-Fe/N-TDC, stemming from the interatomic alloy between Pd and Co-Fe, N-doped mesoporous carbon with defective surfaces, distribution of polyhedral Pd nanoparticles, and strong metal-support interfacial interaction, resulted in significantly high electrocatalytic performance for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Pd@Co-Fe/N-TDC was found to be an efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst, and this was evidenced by a high onset potential (1.01 V) and kinetic current density (2.6 mA/cm2) for the ORR and by a low overpotential (296 mV) and a low Tafel slope value (38 mV/dec) for the OER, along with a small Δ E of 736 mV. The catalyst also exhibited high durability for both ORR and OER, even after 10000 and 5000 cycles, respectively. Theoretical assessment provides an insight into the synergism of active metal sites in Pd@Co-Fe/N-TDC, which showed its potential for use as a non-Pt electrocatalyst for energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dried blood spot (DBS) based PCR was considered an inexpensive and feasible method for detecting pathogens in the blood. The DBS carrier filter paper and PCR kits are crucial for accurate diagnosis. We evaluated 4 types of filter papers and 20 PCR kits for DBS samples. The PCR detecting Plasmodium results showed that the minimum detection limit of the 4 filter papers was 1 × 102 parasites/μL, and the positive rates of 20 PCR kits ranged from 0% to 100%. PCR results were satisfactory for detecting Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) and Plasmodium. vivax (P. vivax) in archived DBS samples and Babesia gibsoni (B. gibsoni) in fresh pet DBS samples. Our results provided a useful reference for the detection of blood pathogens with DBS samples and direct PCR, especially for screening the cost-efficacy combination of filter paper and PCR kit in resource-limited areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In the pulp and paper industry, black liquor, which is a biomass resource, is burned to produce electricity. Black liquor is concentrated to 21 wt% water through an evaporator before being burned in a boiler. For the evaporator, a multiple‐effect evaporator (MEE) is mainly used, but it requires a large amount of energy and cost. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce energy and cost of evaporation process. Hence, this study suggested a novel process model that integrated mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) with MEE to increase the energy efficiency. The suggested MVR‐assisted evaporation process was composed of preheating and evaporation processes to effectively concentrate black liquor. In addition, it reduced the steam consumption of MEE by using MVR, which uses relatively inexpensive electric energy in the pre‐evaporation process. In the simulation results, the steam, electricity consumption, and the latent heat recovered from the secondary vapor of the suggested process were quantitatively analyzed to verify the energy efficiency. The results indicate that the proposed process increases substantial energy efficiency compared to the conventional process. Then, the appropriateness of the suggested process was evaluated by the techno‐economic analysis. The total annualized cost (TAC) is determined for both current and potential future economic benefits. TAC of the MVR‐assisted MEE configuration can be reduced by up to 77.54%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical imaging refers to the process of obtaining images of internal organs for therapeutic purposes such as discovering or studying diseases. The primary objective of medical image analysis is to improve the efficacy of clinical research and treatment options. Deep learning has revamped medical image analysis, yielding excellent results in image processing tasks such as registration, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. The prime motivations for this are the availability of computational resources and the resurgence of deep convolutional neural networks. Deep learning techniques are good at observing hidden patterns in images and supporting clinicians in achieving diagnostic perfection. It has proven to be the most effective method for organ segmentation, cancer detection, disease categorization, and computer-assisted diagnosis. Many deep learning approaches have been published to analyze medical images for various diagnostic purposes. In this paper, we review the work exploiting current state-of-the-art deep learning approaches in medical image processing. We begin the survey by providing a synopsis of research works in medical imaging based on convolutional neural networks. Second, we discuss popular pretrained models and general adversarial networks that aid in improving convolutional networks' performance. Finally, to ease direct evaluation, we compile the performance metrics of deep learning models focusing on COVID-19 detection and child bone age prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the quality and efficiency of computer-enabled generation of papers for Test for English Majors Band 8 (TEM-8), a paper generation model supported by sparrow search algorithm-genetic algorithm was studied. First, a simplified test paper generation mathematical model was set up after analyzing and studying types and characteristics of TEM-8 tasks. In the model, quantity, type, difficulty, discrimination degree, scores, exposure, and answering time of test questions were taken into consideration. To enhance the optimizing effect of the genetic algorithm for searching test questions, the traditional genetic algorithm was improved by introducing the sparrow search algorithm into the model to achieve a better crossover rate, variance rate, optimization precision, and speed of the genetic algorithm. A new sparrow search-genetic algorithm (SSA-GA) was designed, and the optimizing effect of SSA-GA was verified to be ideal through optimizing six standard test functions. Then, SSA-GA was applied to conduct experimentation with test paper generation, and comparison with traditional genetic algorithms was also made. The values of best and average fitness of SSA-GA were better than those of the traditional genetic algorithm (GA) in the paper generation. Exposure rate and success rate in TEM-8 paper generation of SSA-GA were higher than those of traditional GA in TEM-8 paper generation. Results showed that the studied SSA-GA could implement test paper generation with higher speed and better quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Microfluidic fuel cell (MFC) stacking is a prerequisite to enhance its power output for practical applications. However, most MFC stacks reported in the present literature require external pumps to maintain the co‐laminar flow and complex fluidic management networks for homogeneous flow and reactant distributions. To address these issues, a novel paper‐based self‐pumping MFC stack with potassium formate as the fuel and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant is proposed in this study. The capillary action is employed to achieve passive liquid flow. A vertical stack structure with the unit cells piled one above another compactly is adopted to reduce the volumetric costs. The experimental results show that the maximum power outputs of the two‐cell and three‐cell stack prototypes are 4.01 and 7.26 mW cm−2, outperforming the MFC unit by 5.81 and 10.52 times, respectively. The superior performance is attributed to its distinct vertical stacking structure, which brings the enhanced capillary flows in the paper wicks and reduced ohmic losses in comparison with the unit cell. Further, effects of the filter paper and reactant concentrations on the stack performance were examined, and mass transfer of the fuel and/or oxidant to the electrode/electrolyte interface was identified as the main limiting factor. A loose microstructure of the paper wick was found beneficial in enhancing the mass transfer. The potential applications of the MFC stack in a variety of portable electronics are broad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Folk paper-cut art is one of the bright pearls, with a wide range of shapes and a long history, that serves as a model for modern visual communication design in China and encourages designers to think creatively. Integrating emotional elements into a design not only can elicit an emotional response from the viewer but also can make works created using traditional rational thinking more vivid, energetic, and touching. The main focus of this research is on the path and method of incorporating folk paper-cut emotion into visual communication design. The research status of various feature extraction methods and image recognition methods at home and abroad is examined in depth in this paper. For the recognition of distorted images that are not transformed by mathematics, some effective methods are proposed. They are used to recognize artistic images of paper-cut patterns because they can extract effective features that are not affected by translation, rotation, scale change, or small deformation. Experiments have shown that they have a positive impact. The use of folk paper-cut art in visual communication design not only improves the quality of design work but also generates new ideas for the transmission and development of other traditional Chinese cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the applicability of novel colorimetric paper‐based pH‐sensitive indicator labels for monitoring the shelf life of the chicken breast fillets packaged under air oxygen until 10 days at 4°C. The color changes of the indicator labels were observed using the mobile phone after storage for days 0, 5, and 10. The result revealed that the indicator labels could be used to determine the freshness of the product as a part of intelligent packaging since the color of all indicators changed, depending on the pH changes of the chicken breast fillets. However, the synthetic and the red cabbage‐based indicator labels are found more sensitive to color changes compared to other selected natural‐based indicators. Moreover, the indicator labels have no toxic effect and are reliable and easy to use for monitoring the shelf life of meat and meat products. Novelty impact statement: A novel freshness indicator was developed based on natural (pomegranate, red cabbage, and turnip juice) and synthetic dye (bromocresol green, and methyl red) to detect physicochemical and microbiological changes in the chicken breast fillet for consumers as an alternative to the expiry date.The color of the indicator labels has changed depending on changes in the pH value of the chicken breast fillet packaged under air oxygen.It is considered that the developed indicator labels will contribute to new scientific research about intelligent packaging systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A novel bioprocess design to convert paper mill sludge (PMS) to biofuels is proposed in this work. The design utilizes cellulosic fiber recovered from the PMS via optimized de‐ashing (HCl washing) step. This work specifically provided a technical and economic analysis of paper mill sludge conversion into biofuel production using a novel protocol. The protocol is based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis to assess the quality of the contained cellulose prior to further processing. The results are crucially important to determine the suitability of the PMS feedstock to produce biofuels. SEM analysis was employed as a preliminary screening tool to evaluate sludge digestibility and conversion. The SEM characterization technique established a direct relationship between the fiber morphology, presence of crystals salts and sugar yield after enzymatic hydrolysis. Substantial structural changes were observed before and after de‐ashing the sludge samples, leading to a correlation between the surface morphology and the washing step. The results suggested that de‐ashing changes the surface morphology and upon analysis, increased the sugar yield up to about 86% as opposed to 2.2% in sludge sample A as an example. The PMS conversion into biofuel was simulated using Aspen PLUS and compared to a similar process using corn stover as feedstock. The simulation results showed it is 20% cheaper to produce bioethanol from PMS compared to corn stover. The simulation revealed less energy demand by around 13 320 MJ/h compared to that when corn stover was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Direct liquid fuel cell (DLFC) and membraneless fuel cell using the anode consisting of buckypaper (BP) and vitamin B12 (Vit B12) (BP/Vit B12) is introduced in physiological condition, while vitamin C (Vit C) is used as anodic fuel. Due to the high sensitivity of Vit B12 and the inherent feature of BP, the onset potential for the oxidation reaction of Vit C catalyzed by BP/Vit B12 is −0.1 V (vs Ag/AgCl), and its anodic current density measured at 0.3 V (vs Ag/AgCl) is 1.82 mA cm−2 even in a low Vit C concentration (10 mM). Regarding performance in fuel cells, maximum power density (MPD) of Vit C fuel cell containing membrane and Pt‐based air cathode is 0.62 ± 0.067 mW cm−2 in 0.01 M Vit C, and this is 3.1 times higher than that of fuel cell containing pristine BP. In addition, in a paper‐based flexible membraneless fuel cell using BP/bilirubin oxidase as cathode and the concentration of cerebrospinal fluid within the human body (0.35 mM Vit C), its MPD is 57.7 ± 4.02 μW cm−2. This means this suggested Vit C fuel cell system can replace the conventional primary batteries considered as the power source of implantable sensors and stimulation devices to treat neurological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The development of an efficient water electrolyser is essential for sustainable hydrogen production; however, its application remains limited by the insufficient performance of the electrode. Herein, we report a rapid, simple, and cost‐effective fabrication of an Ni‐Co‐S cathode for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which is directly usable for an anion exchange membrane water electrolyser (AEMWE). The Ni‐Co‐S electrocatalysts are prepared on a carbon paper (CP) substrate by a one‐step electrodeposition method by controlling deposition parameters such as the deposition potential, time, and electrolyte composition. The optimized Ni‐Co‐S/CP electrode demonstrates a high HER activity with an overpotential of 91 mV at −10 mA/cm2 in 1.0 M KOH. An AEMWE single cell employing the Ni‐Co‐S/CP cathode coupled with a commercial IrO2/CP anode exhibits a current density of 1.7 A/cm2 at 2.4 Vcell, which is higher than that of an AEMWE single cell with a commercial Pt/C/CP cathode; this is attributable to the enhancement of the electron and reactant/product transfer via appropriate cathode design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced a novel olfactory visualization freshness sensor array prepared by dropping pH indicators on UV lithography hydrophilic–hydrophobic paper under room temperature. The sensor array was applied in Grass carp spoilage classification. The sensor array can generate different discoloration patterns that respond to the pH change of the fish spoil; therefore, it can distinguish Grass carp freshness using pattern recognition. Classification models were built with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and backpropagation artificial neural network (BP‐ANN) after extracting the sensor array's feature color information with principal component analysis (PCA). The performance of the BP‐ANN model was superior to that of the LDA model, with an optimum recognition rate of 95.45% (training set) and 90.90% (testing set). In conclusion, with a suitable algorithm choice and rational pH indicator arrangement, this olfactory visualization freshness sensor array can potentially monitor food freshness. We prepared Grass carp freshness sensor array through dropping pH‐indicators on hydrophilic–hydrophobic filter paper that fabricated by UV lithography under room temperature. The hydrophobic edges of the filter paper can maintain the sensor spots' shape and provide stable and consistent colorimetric change for Grass carp freshness recognition. Colorimetric classification models are built using LDA and BP‐ANN based on pattern recognition, and the recognition rate of the BP‐ANN model is above 90%. Novelty impact statement: We prepared Grass carp freshness sensor array through dropping pH‐indicators on hydrophilic‐hydrophobic filter paper that fabricated by UV lithography under room temperature. The hydrophobic edges of the filter paper can maintain the sensor spots' shape and provide stable and consistent colorimetric change for Grass carp freshness recognition. Colorimetric classification models are built using LDA and BP‐ANN based on pattern recognition, and the recognition rate of the BP‐ANN model is above 90 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive study and analysis of the intelligent grouping of papers in adult higher education using a random matrix approach. Using the results of random matrix theory on the eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix, the energy of each subspace is estimated, and the estimated energy is then used to construct a subspace weighting matrix. The statistical properties of the sample covariance matrix eigenvectors are analyzed using the first-order perturbation approximation, and then, asymptotic results from random matrix theory on the projection of the sample covariance matrix signal subspace to the real signal parametrization are used to obtain the weighting matrix based on the random matrix eigenvectors. Dynamic adjustment according to the fitness of individuals in the population is performed to ensure population diversity, while the combination of the small habitat technique can avoid the algorithm from falling into early convergence. The algorithm introduces chaos theory to optimize the population initialization process and uses the dynamic traversal randomness of chaos to select individuals in the population so that the initial population is close to the desired target solution. The design of the fitness function in the genetic algorithm generally maps the objective function of the problem to the fitness function. A good fitness function can directly reflect the quality of the individuals in the group. Based on the in-depth study of the basic attributes of the test questions and the principles of test paper evaluation, the mathematical model and objective function of intelligent paper grouping are determined by the difficulty, knowledge points, and cognitive level of the test questions as the main constraints, and NCAGA is applied to the intelligent paper grouping method, which better completes the intelligent paper grouping session for the computer system architecture course. In the process of designing the intelligent grouping algorithm, for the situations of premature convergence and convergence to locally optimal solutions that easily occur in the traditional genetic algorithm, this paper adopts the approach of adaptive adjustment of crossover probability and variation probability to improve the algorithm and achieves satisfactory results. Based on extensive business research, this paper completes the requirement analysis of the online practice system based on the intelligent grouping of papers and presents the functional design and database design of the key functional modules in the system in detail. Finally, this paper conducts functional tests on the system and analyses the test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet industry, the publicity effect of paperbark walnuts has been substantially increased, and the consumption and demand of paperbark walnuts have been rising, and the output of paperbark walnuts in China has also increased year by year. This paper takes the panel data of the top three prefecture-level cities in each GDP ranking of five provinces in northwest China from 2012 to 2021 as the sample and combines the DEA model with Malmquist to evaluate and analyze the logistics efficiency of paper walnuts in northwest China. It is found that the overall logistics efficiency of paperback walnuts in Northwest China has been improved in recent years, but there are still areas that need to be improved, such as the factor distribution is not reasonable enough; the logistics efficiency of paperback walnuts in Northwest China from 2012 to 2021 is in a fluctuating state; the logistics efficiency of paperback walnuts in Shaanxi Province is better than the other provinces and is in the leading position; the improvement of technological progress has a key role in the total factor productivity improvement. As a result, this paper puts forward five specific suggestions based on the research results to help accelerate the improvement of paper walnut logistics efficiency in Northwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Tremendous research has focused on the wearable electronic device, leading to the basic requirement of suitable power sources. Herein, we report one bendable paper‐based zinc‐air battery with a novel hollow channel structure. It achieves a maximum power density of 138 mW/cm2, outperforming the state‐of‐art paper‐based batteries reported previously. The boosted performance is assigned to the low charge transfer resistance and facilitated mass transfer from the hollow structure. It demonstrates the positive design of microchannel structure is profitable for the power‐generation enhancement, and offers a possible route to commercialize the paper‐based power generators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green packaging wrap is now required to replace the synthetic plastic coating on the paper substrates. The coating of natural biopolymers on the paper substrates would be a potential method to achieve an ecofriendly coating to replace the synthetic materials which give a threat to the environment. Recently, spraying cellulose nanofiber (CNF) on the paper substrates to boost the barrier and mechanical properties of the paper is a flexible process and potential for scalability. Sprayed cellulose nanofibrils fill the surface pores of the paper substrates and form a barrier film on the paper surface. The spray-coated CNF barrier film on the paper substrates reduced the air passage and increased the mechanical strength. To scale up the process of spraying, the optimization was performed via response surface methodology to investigate the interaction between input variables and their response in spraying process. The variables impacting on the barrier performance, CNF coat weight, and thickness of the coat during spraying are CNF suspension concentration (A), fiber diameter (B), and spray distance from tip to the surface (C). The linear models were developed for CNF coat weight and thickness of the CNF coat weight on the paper substrates. The quadratic model for air permeability was developed with input variables. It concludes that the CNF suspension concentration is a strong parameter for controlling the CNF coat weight and thickness of the CNF coat on the paper substrates. The developed linear and quadratic models were validated with the experimental data confirming that it was a good fit to the real experimental data. From the CCD investigation of spray coating of CNF on the paper substrates, >1 wt.% CNF coating on the paper surface produces good thickness and coat weight on the paper substrates and gives an impermeable CNF laminate on the paper substrates against air. In conclusion, these models could provide a platform for scaling up the spraying process for coating CNF-based nanomaterials on the paper substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most widely used measures of scientific impact is the number of citations. However, due to its heavy-tailed distribution, citations are fundamentally difficult to predict but can be improved. This study was aimed at investigating the factors and parts influencing the citation number of a scientific paper in the otology field. Therefore, this work proposes a new solution that utilizes machine learning and natural language processing to process English text and provides a paper citation as the predicted results. Different algorithms are implemented in this solution, such as linear regression, boosted decision tree, decision forest, and neural networks. The application of neural network regression revealed that papers' abstracts have more influence on the citation numbers of otological articles. This new solution has been developed in visual programming using Microsoft Azure machine learning at the back end and Programming Without Coding Technology at the front end. We recommend using machine learning models to improve the abstracts of research articles to get more citations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers expression is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has achieved microRNA sensing for the diagnosis of primary liver cancers. In this work, we developed a SERS technology for the rapid detection of lung cancers-related miRNA (miR-196a) using bimetallic Au-Ag nanowire (AgNW@AuNPs) substrates coupled with the target hairpin DNA. The finite-difference time-domain simulation proved that a large number of "hot spots" were generated between the AgNW and AuNPs, which resulted in a huge enhancement of the signal of Raman reporters. Filter paper treated by hexadecenyl succinic anhydride hydrophobic and modified with AgNWs@AuNPs was used as capturing substrate. The detection limits of miR-196a in PBS and serum were as low as 96.58 aM and 130 aM, respectively. Studies on nonspecific sequence and single-base mismatch of miRNA demonstrated that SERS-based platform was highly selective, excellent uniform, and reproducible. Finally, the platform was used to show that the miR-196a expression in the serum of lung cancer patients was much higher than that in healthy people. The detection results indicated that the SERS platform had potential applications in cancer diagnosis and might be a viable alternative to the conventional miRNA detection method, the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This work describes a two‐step method of in situ electrodeposition and following oxidation to prepare carbon paper (CP) modified with tin dioxide (SnO2) particle as bifunctional electrode for vanadium redox flow battery. Electrodeposition technique was employed to load metal tin particle on CP, which was subsequently oxidized to tin dioxide at high temperature. CPs modified by SnO2 with different content (CP/SnO2‐1, CP/SnO2‐2, and CP/SnO2‐3) were obtained by controlling electrodeposition time. CP/SnO2 presents an increase in electrochemical performance including faster charge and mass transfer compared with pristine CP. Among all samples, CP/SnO2‐2 with proper decorated SnO2 exhibits superior electrocatalytic performances for V3+/V2+ and VO2+/VO2+ reactions. Raised performances can be attributed to that SnO2 nanoparticles provide more active sites leading to rapid electrochemical kinetic of vanadium redox reactions. In addition, mass transfer can be accelerated due to the excellent hydrophilicity of SnO2. The cell using CP/SnO2‐2 as bifunctional electrode exhibits better stability and higher capacity retention during 50‐cycle charge‐discharge test. The cell for CP/SnO2‐2 shows higher energy and voltage efficiency, suggesting that introduction of SnO2 can decrease electrochemical polarization. At 150 mA cm−2, energy efficiency of the cell increases by 7.8% through using CP/SnO2‐2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article proposes a methodology based on artificial intelligence to enhance methane production from waste paper. The proposed methodology combines fuzzy logic‐based modelling and modern optimization. Firstly, a robust Adaptive Network‐based Fuzzy Inference System model of methane production process through fuzzy logic modelling is created using experimental datasets. Second, a particle swarm optimizer was used to obtain the optimal process conditions. During the optimization procedure, the beating time and feedstock/inoculum ratio are employed as decision variables in order to maximize methane production. The obtained resulted from the proposed methodology are compared with those obtained by response surface methodology. The results of the comparison confirmed the superiority of the proposed methodology. The fuzzy model shows a better fitting to the experimental data compared to ANOVA. The fuzzy model showed a higher coefficient of determination and a lower value of root mean squared errors compared to ANOVA. Moreover, the proposed strategy, that is, modelling and optimization, is an effective method for increasing the biomethane yield at extended range conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treat‐to‐target (T2T) recommendations for the use of systemic therapies (including biologics) in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis have been published by a few groups of experts worldwide. However, there remains considerable variability in the choice of target severity measure and timing of milestones. To develop consensus recommendations for implementing T2T strategies for the management of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis using biologics. An expert group of Canadian dermatologists (the Committee) convened to develop a T2T consensus statement. They held a virtual meeting during which a preliminary set of criteria was created. These criteria were then reviewed, modified, and recirculated until unanimous agreement was achieved. The Committee agreed that defining treatment target is multidimensional and should reflect objective severity measures, as well as clinician and patient‐reported outcomes. The Committee unanimously proposes a criterion‐based system for determining the achievement of treatment target. The proposed T2T approach presented here provides a clinical framework for defining treatment success, measuring progress toward treatment success, recognizing when treatment modifications are warranted, and recommending treatment optimization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: It is well recognized that combining nonpotable water with solar energy to desalinate water and produce water vapor is an effective route to solve the shortage of fresh water. However, the solar vapor generation suffers from either low solar energy efficiency or complex and high‐cost devices. Herein, we explore a black membrane based on polypyrrole (PPy) and filter paper to enhance solar‐to‐vapor conversion performance, thus providing a low‐cost, stable, and strong efficient solar vapor generator. This device displays high solar‐to‐vapor conversion efficiencies of up to approximately 92.2% and 95.6% under irradiation of 1 and 4 kW m−2, respectively. Therefore, this paper‐based high solar‐to‐vapor conversion and scalable evaporator provides a promising solution to the problem of freshwater scarcity and nonrenewable recourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a nonparametric programming approach has been widely extended and applied in many areas. Conventional DEA models can well measure the efficiency of inefficient decision-making units (DMUs) but cannot further discriminate the efficient DMUs. A lot of methods are proposed to address this problem. One of the most important methods is the slacks-based measure of super-efficiency model (S-SBM model) developed by Tone in 2002. However, the projection for a DMU on the efficient frontier identified by S-SBM model may not be strongly Pareto-efficient that makes the super-efficiency score misestimated. This paper revises the usual slacks-based measure of super-efficiency by incorporating input saving and output surplus scaling factors into the objection function for measuring DMUs. We integrate SBM model and S-SBM model effectively and yield input saving and output surplus scaling factors as well as input and output slacks under only one integrated model. According to the study, the projection reference point identified by our method is strongly Pareto-efficient. Meanwhile, how each decision variable influences the efficiency score for a specific DMU is revealed and illustrated through two numerical examples and an empirical study in paper chemical mills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To evaluate the usefulness of a novel acoustic uroflowmetry- (UFM-) based mobile application (app) voiding diary (VD) focusing on the (1) compliance and (2) correlation with a conventional paper-based VD. Materials and Methods. A total of 78 patients were included between December 2019 and June 2020, and a subsequent review of all data was performed. The analyzed data were as follows: (1) survey of convenience/satisfaction/preference comparing the two methods, (2) compliance regarding the completeness of both methods, and (3) correlation of each metric (24-hour urine volume, nocturnal urine volume, nocturnal polyuria index, total number of voids, number of daytime voids, number of nocturnal voids, and maximal bladder capacity) between the two methods. Results. The survey results of convenience, satisfaction, and preference were as follows. With regard to convenience and satisfaction area, higher scores are reported in the mobile app VD (mean ± standard deviation (SD); convenience: 7.47 ± 2.19 [app] vs. 4.20 ± 2.49 [paper]; satisfaction: 7.36 ± 2.17 [app] vs. 5.07 ± 2.65 [paper]). The median score of the overall preference for using the mobile app instead of the paper-based VD was 9 out of 10 (mean ± SD 7.82 ± 2.68). We also found a good correlation between the two methods for nocturnal urine volume (r = 0.55 , p = 0.04), nocturnal polyuria index (r = 0.66 , p = 0.23), total number of voids (r = 0.9 , p = 0.02), number of nocturnal voids (r = 0.83 , p = 0.02), and maximal bladder capacity (r = 0.89 , p = 0.04). Conclusion. The acoustic UFM-based mobile app VD demonstrated favorable findings compared to the conventional paper-based VD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the cloud computing era, a paper recommender system is usually deployed on the cloud server and return recommendation results to readers directly. However, considering the paper recommender system, processing tremendous paper citation data on the cloud cannot provide fine-grained personalized and real-time recommendations for each reader because these recommended papers from the cloud are far from readers and probably not correlated strongly with each other for helping each reader research further and deeper in the interested field. Recently, the edge-cloud collaboration-based recommender system has been used for releasing parts of the cloud computing task to the edge and provides the recommendation near the client. Based on the edge computing recommender system, a keywords-driven and weight-aware paper recommendation approach is presented, namely, LP-PRk+ w (link prediction-paper recommendation), to enable intelligent, personalized, and efficient paper recommendation services in the mobile edge computing environment. Specifically, the whole paper recommendation process mainly covers two parts: optimizing the existing paper citation graph via introducing a weighted similarity (i.e., building a weighted paper correlation graph) and then recommending a set of correlated papers according to the weighted paper correlation graph and the users' query keywords. Experiments on a real-world paper correlation dataset, Hep-Th, show the capability of our proposal for improving the paper recommendation performance and its superiority against other related solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed multitarget tracking (MTT) is suitable for sensors with limited field of view (FoV). Generalized covariance intersection (GCI) fusion is used to solve the MTT problem based on label probability hypothesis density (PHD) filtering in this paper. Because the traditional GCI fusion only has good fusion performance for the targets in the intersection of each sensor's FoV, and the targets outside the intersection range would be lost, this paper redivides the Gaussian components according to the FoV and distinguishes the Gaussian components of the targets inside and outside the intersection. GCI fusion is sensitive to label inconsistency between different sensors. For label fusion in the intersection region, the best match of labels is found by minimizing label inconsistency index, and then GCI fusion is performed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed fusion method are verified by simulation, and its robustness is proved. The proposed method is obviously superior to local sensor and traditional GCI algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Paper microfluidic devices are innovative platforms for building miniaturized devices for energy harvesting, energy storage, and sensing applications. Such devices are reported to be used as membraneless microfluidic fuel cells to power portable electronic in a pump‐less manner by leveraging the embedded capillaries and co‐laminar flow. This paper demonstrates fabrication and characterization of the high‐performance metal‐free aluminum‐air microfluidic paper fuel cell (AAMPFC). Herein, aluminum foil acts as an anode, buckypaper with built‐in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) acts as a cathode and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) works as an electrolyte. The novel AAMPFC is analyzed with various electrolyte concentrations, and maximum output voltage, current density, and power density are recorded. This easy‐to‐fabricate AAMPFC platform, costing less than US$ 0.5, is further optimized to achieve peak energies by stacking four AAMPFCs (in series and parallel) with various concentrations of electrolyte (NaOH). With parallel configuration, maximum open‐circuit potential (OCP), peak current (mA/cm2), and power density (mW/cm2) of 1.32 V, 50.67 mA/cm2 and 22.80 mW/cm2, respectively, are observed with optimized electrolyte, while with series stacked configuration, a stable OCP of 4.10 V is measured. In a series configuration, AAMPFC generated sufficient power to powering a scientific calculator with LCD display for 3 days and 11 LEDs for 10 hours continuously. This research work provides a significant method to enhance the output power with inexpensive parameters (buckypaper, single paper microchannel) to power portable electronic devices. Further, the performance can be enhanced by investigating AAMPFC with various grades of aluminum foil in combination with different grades of porous cellulose papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanobiotechnology is a growing branch of research that combines biology and nanotechnology to study and create unique, functionalized nanobiosystems. This interdisciplinary study subject has significant promise for improving medical engineering. Finding the exact blood category is a coercive test for blood transfer and other incalculable health checkups. The pandemic has accelerated these test frequencies in an exponential fashion. It is usually the job of the practitioners working in the laboratory to name the types of blood samples. Depending on the blood type and its cross-matching fitness, recommendations are offered for blood transfer. In many places, this type of testing is done manually, and it is done through a microplate and test tube. These tests usually take longer, and the chances of errors are high, which can lead to fatalities. Polymer-based paper sample collection has been shown to be ideal instruments for conducting blood tests in response to this requirement because of their capacity to do quick and low-cost diagnostics and analyses. In this paper, a novel nanocoated blood polymer sample paper with unique coding was proposed and investigated for its operational simplicity and effectiveness. A unique coded polymer sample paper has prevented complications during blood tests and provides expected results without errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, computer graphics and graphic image processing techniques have been widely used in daily life and industrial production. Due to the development of computers, computer graphics has brought more convenience to our daily life. In order to give full play to the value of computers, this paper takes the Hakka paper-cut art with local characteristics as the starting point, first of all its development history, artistic characteristics, compositional forms, expression techniques, cultural connotations, Hakka paper-cut patterns, and the symbolic meaning of folk customs, and then we design a visualization system for the paper-cut works of Gannan Hakka based on computer graphics. In addition, the system provides a solution for the integration of Gannan Hakka paper-cut art and Jiangxi native product packaging design and provides a reference for the theory and practice of modern native product packaging design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphate concentration in natural water has been used as a water quality indicator, as it is one of the major nutrients for aquatic plants. However, the traditional phosphomolybdenum blue (PMB) method has limited sensitivity for visual or camera-based detection, leading to underestimation of the phosphate concentration. We present an ultralow-cost, rapid field preconcentration and digital image colorimetric sensing of low-concentration phosphate method for water analysis. A novel hand-powered paper centrifuge (paperfuge) is used for sample preparation and preconcentration. This paperfuge is made of two circular paper discs and a string. Six centrifuge tubes (CTs) originally used as glue dispensing tips with a sample capacity of ∼230 μL, are loaded on the paperfuge. After sampling, phosphate in the water sample is reacted to form PMB. Then, the reacted sample is drawn into a CT using an autopipette before the CT bottom is sealed by glue. After Oasis® HLB sorbents are added through the top of the CT, the CT top is also sealed with glue. The HLB sorbents adsorb PMB and are accumulated in the CT tip through centrifugation. The CT tips are cut and analyzed with the ImageJ software. It was found that the blue color intensity of sorbents is in a linear relationship to the phosphate concentration, with a linear range of 0–5 μM (r2 = 0.9921) and limit of detection of 0.19 μM. In addition, this method has been applied to in-field water analysis. The results are in agreement with the standard PMB method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution has become an important obstacle on the path of ecological civilization construction, and it is urgent to control environmental pollution. By establishing an evolutionary game model, this thesis focuses on analyzing how paper-making enterprises choose their own emission reduction strategies under the reward and punishment mechanism. It further analyzes how social welfare changes under the reward and punishment mechanism, and finally through simulation research, this thesis analyzes the evolutionary paths of paper-making enterprises' pollution emission strategies under the reward and punishment mechanism. The results of the reward and punishment mechanism are as follows: under the static reward and punishment mechanism, the game system will repeatedly oscillate around a point. There is no stable equilibrium point at this time. However, under the dynamic reward and punishment mechanism, the game system will tend to a stable equilibrium point. The results of social welfare analysis show that high-intensity rewards will reduce the amount of pollution discharged by paper-making enterprises, thereby maximizing social welfare. On the contrary, when paper-making enterprises discharge a large amount of pollution, they will be subject to high-intensity penalties. When facing high-intensity punishments, paper-making enterprises will tend to not to discharge. So social welfare is also maximized. The simulation research results show that reasonable punishment strategies are more effective than reward ones. Based on this, the author proposes countermeasures, such as establishing a reasonable reward and punishment mechanism, reasonably determining the reward and punishment intensity for polluting enterprises. The emission reduction strategies of paper-making enterprises will be affected by the government's reward and punishment mechanism. A deep study of its internal mechanism is not only of great significance for pollution control but also of great significance for the development of a green economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Porous conducting carbon fiber‐based composite paper is used as an electrode backing in the fuel cell assembly. It not only acts as a channel through which the reactant and product gases pass to and from the bipolar plate and the catalyst site but also helps in the flow of electrons. In order to perform its role efficiently, it should have sufficient strength, high electrical conductivity, and ideal porous structure. Carbon paper has been fabricated, which builds up the required composite properties. Studies have been conducted to optimize the fiber/matrix ratio in the carbon paper, while ensuring the perfect combination of porosity, mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity for an electrode in a proton electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Detail physico‐mechanical and electrochemical characterizations further ascertain that the fiber/matrix ratio plays an important role in tuning the composite properties. The polarization curve of the unit proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell (with an effective electrode area 4 cm2) shows a peak power density of 916 mW/cm2 for the sample with fiber/matrix ratio of 65:35, which is almost the same as the commercially available sigracet gas diffusion layer (SGL) carbon paper tested under similar conditions. Further, proportionally enlarging the electrode area to 100 cm2 shows that the carbon paper not only shows almost repeatable results in a given set up but also scales up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has spread all across the world. Low‐ and medium‐income countries are more affected economically and socially compared to developed countries due to the lack of a rapid, robust, and affordable testing infrastructure. Furthermore, the high cost of real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system, sophisticated user‐handling procedure, and high expense of the conventional clinical tests are the root causes of the less accessibility of the testing systems to the users. In this study, a COVID‐19 Point‐of‐Care (POC) ecosystem model is proposed for the low‐ and medium‐income countries (or energy deprived countries) that will facilitate the technological development with locally available fabrication components. In addition, the nontechnological development phases have also been discussed, which encompasses the collaboration among academia, local as well as government bodies, and entrepreneurial ventures. In addition, a hypothetical design of a microfluidic paper‐based analytical (μPADs) POC platform is proposed to detect COVID‐19 analyte using unprocessed patient‐derived saliva, which is a miniaturized form‐factor of conventional real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The device contains four major reaction zones, which are sample zone, buffer zone, loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) Master Mix zone, Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) zone, and sensor zone. To obtain quicker test results and easier operation, a handheld image acquisition technique is introduced in this study. It is hypothesized that in a remote setting, the proposed design could be used as an initial guideline to develop a POC COVID‐19 testing system, which may be simple, easy‐to‐use, and cost‐effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of probes for the testing of the carcinogenic pollutant 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) is of great importance for environmental protection and human health. In this paper, a new rapid and sensitive fluorescence detection method based on carbon dots (CDs) was designed for the detection of TNP. The CDs were synthesized by simple pyrolysis using citric acid as raw material and characterized by various advanced techniques. The addition of TNP caused a significant turn off in the fluorescence of the CDs. The fluorescence quench intensity and TNP concentration exhibited a good linear correlation in the range of 0–80 μM with a minimum detection limit of 0.48 μM and a related coefficient of 0.994. The analytical method was applied to the determination of trace TNP in river water and tap water with recoveries in the range of 98%–110% and relative standard deviations less than 5%. Importantly, carbon dots functionalized papers (CDFPs) were prepared using the synthesized CDs and successfully applied to the determination of TNP in aqueous solutions, demonstrating the promising application of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the effect of Chinese dance training, this paper combines digital feature recognition technology to correct and analyze Chinese dance training movements and constructs an intelligent auxiliary training system. In order to solve the travel time problem at the computationally complex interface and ensure its computational accuracy, a local adaptive triangulation technique is used in the fast-advance algorithm. Moreover, this paper designs the function of the system according to the user's needs, transforms the design concept into a figurative visual representation through the interactive prototype according to the function, carries out the visual design of the interface according to the interactive prototype, and uses the interactive technology to realize the development of the system. From the test analysis results, it can be seen that the Chinese dance training action correction system based on the digital feature recognition technology proposed in this paper has a good effect and can effectively promote the improvement of the Chinese dance training effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Miniaturization of devices, combined with other features such as portability, proneness to automation, rapid performance, amenability to integration, multiplexing, and cost‐effectiveness, is rapidly increasing for various sensing and energy harvesting applications. One such emerging area is the development of microfluidic fuel cell on cellulose papers, which has enormous scope to optimize its performance. This is primarily because such devices eliminate the need for membranes as well as external pumps since they have built‐in colaminar flow embedded capillaries. Such peripherals are usually used in conventional microfluidic fuel cells, which are fabricated using methods like photolithography, PDMS lithography, and 3D printing. This paper presents investigations on microfluidic paper–based fuel cells (MPFCs) with different cellulose absorbent pads for their performance optimization. Herein, the MPFC utilizes formic acid as fuel, oxygen from quiescent air as oxidant, and sulfuric acid as electrolyte for conducting ionic exchange under colaminar flow. The electrodes are realized through simple pencil strokes depositing a thin layer of graphite. The porous graphite electrodes act as diffusion agents breathing oxygen directly from the atmospheric air. Such an MPFC configuration, costing less than US $1, was optimized to achieve maximum energy density by examining various combinations of absorbent pads with different grades of cellulose papers. It is seen that the maximum open circuit potential is 0.46 V, while the maximum current and power densities are 1505.66 μAcm−2 and 173.97 μWcm−2, respectively, with a grade 6 absorbent pad. Such performance can be further enhanced by investigating MPFCs with various graphite pencils with a diverse number of strokes at different concentration levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the overall trends in the development and citation impact of high‐impact papers in nursing research worldwide to gain insight into the focus areas of nursing research. Background: Bibliometric method is proved to be effective in analysing the papers' characteristics, and it gained considerable interest from the scientific community in recent years. An analysis of the characteristics and intrinsic patterns of high‐impact papers in nursing research will provide an objective reflection of the research hot spots. Nursing managers can pointedly increase funding amount and strengthen research cooperation in order to put the scientific results into management practice. Methods: Bibliometric methods and visualization software were used to comprehensively analyse high‐impact papers in nursing research in terms of development trends, countries/regions, distribution of subject areas, research institutes, collaborative networks and subject terms. Results: There were 6,886 papers between 2008 and 2018. The number of papers increased from 528 in 2008 to 723 in 2015, and then remained above 600 in 2016 and 2017. These papers were mainly distributed in nursing, oncology, paediatrics, gynaecology, teaching and education, and cardiac and cardiovascular systems and were cited by 128,845 papers that came from 89 Web of Science subject areas. Papers in nursing research accounted for the largest share of these citations. The top five countries in the world in terms of the number of high‐impact papers were the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada and Sweden. The research institutions with the highest number of high‐impact papers worldwide were the University of California System, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of North Carolina, the University of London and the University of Technology Sydney. In this data set, it was shown that research collaborative circles have been formed in the United States, Australia, Canada and Europe; the subject‐term analysis indicated that 'women' and 'students' have always been high‐interest populations for high‐impact papers and that cancer is still one of the greatest threats to human health. Furthermore, the subject terms of high‐impact papers in nursing research have gradually evolved from 'disease' and 'therapy' to 'symptoms'. Conclusion: In recent years, the number of high‐impact papers published each year in nursing research has grown over time. Nursing has been shown to be a highly specialized subject, and the majority of its high‐impact papers have been published by research institutions. Although cross‐regional collaborations are beginning to emerge, there is much room for improvement in this regard. Finally, women, students, cancer and symptomatic care are the current focus areas in nursing research. Implications for Nursing Management: This study informs nursing managers within the nursing research field about subject areas, collaborative networks and hot topics. It is beneficial to pay attention to studies, manage scientific outputs, allocate resources, seek cooperation and improve the work efficiency of scientific research management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ink element is one of the unique cultural symbols in China, which has profound cultural heritage and spiritual connotation. Animation is a form of art design, and it is a good way to convey and express information in an intuitive artistic image. The use of ink and wash elements for animation design has important value and significance in the start of Chinese culture. It can develop animation design, innovate animation creation forms, and can highlight Chinese style. In this article, we have studied the creation process, creation format, and creation method of using angular digital technology to make ink VR design. It combines art and technology and combines practical experience with wireless sensors. Based on HTML5 interactive technology, we have studied its advantages more deeply, better introduced the theme of ink element animation, solved the problem of realizing ink effect in 3D virtual environment, and better introduced ink animation in virtual reality environment. During the production process, students will learn how to simulate digital objects, render ink and wash effects, build a virtual environment in the later stage, and explore the knowledge, operation, and meaning of ink and wash elements and the animation design process. This paper studies the wireless sensor and HTML5 interactive technology and applies it to the design of ink and wash animation VR, aiming to promote its vigorous development and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, iron deficiency is a common form of micronutrient deficiency with a high individual and societal cost. There are considerable knowledge and practice gaps in the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency. Bibliometric analysis examines the published body of knowledge of a subject in an objective fashion. The Web of Science Core Collection was searched to retrieve the 100 most cited papers on the topic of iron deficiency, and the key metrics of each paper were extracted. A keyword study was performed using VOSviewer 1.6.10 software, which provided a visual mapping of the network of keyword cooccurrences. The papers were published between 1964 and 2017 and were cited an average of 636 times. They were contributed by authors from 119 different countries/regions, with the largest contributing country being the United States. 29 institutions contributed at least 6 publications each, and 4 researchers authored or coauthored at least 5 papers. Keyword analysis suggests that the most cited topics could be grouped into 4 categories: (1) epidemiologic research of the global burden of iron deficiency, (2) clinical aspects of iron deficiency anemia, (3) iron metabolism, and (4) the impact of iron deficiency on children. Identification of the most impactful studies in the field of iron deficiency may be helpful to practitioners interested in improving their knowledge base. Compared to bibliometric studies performed on other topics, the medical literature of iron deficiency is mature, as evidenced by the high citation rate of the top 100 papers. Despite the high worldwide prevalence of iron deficiency, the top cited papers are dominated by a relatively small number of countries and institutions. Interestingly, however, the most cited authors in this study do not overlap with the most cited institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is known and objective: Renal impairment (RI) and renal drug‐related problems (rDRP) often remain unrecognized in the community setting. A "renal pharmacist consultant service" (RPCS) at hospital admission can support patient safety by detecting rDRP. However, the efficient information sharing from pharmacists to physicians is still discussed. The aim of the study was to test the implementation of a RPCS and its effectiveness on prescription changes and to evaluate two ways of written information sharing with physicians. Methods: Urological patients with eGFRnon‐indexed of 15‐59 ml/min and ≥1 drug were reviewed for manifest and potential rDRP at admission by a pharmacist. Written recommendations for dose or drug adaptation were forwarded to physicians comparing two routes: July‐September 2017 paper form in handwritten chart; November 2017‐January 2018 digital PDF document in the electronic patient information system and e‐mail alert. Prescription changes regarding manifest rDRP were evaluated and compared with a previous retrospective study without RPCS. Results and discussion: The RPCS detected rDRP in 63 of 234 (26.9%) patients and prepared written recommendations (median 1 rDRP (1‐5) per patient) concerning 110 of 538 (20.5%) drugs at admission. For manifest rDRP, acceptance rates of recommendations were 62.5% (paper) vs 42.9% (digital) (P = 0.16). Compared with the retrospective study without RPCS (prescription changes in 21/76 rDRP; 27.6%), correct prescribing concerning manifest rDRP significantly increased by 27.1%. What is new and conclusion: A RPCS identifies patients at risk for rDRP and significantly increases appropriate prescribing by physicians. In our hospital (no electronic order entry, electronic chart or ward pharmacists), consultations in paper form seem to be superior to a digital PDF document. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rewinding machines are used in the paper converting industrial sector to unroll paper veils from large source reels and wind them around smaller rolls, for the production of paper logs to be used in household activities. Many different types of rewinding machine exist, and they are mostly based on stapling devices which automatically unroll a large coil of paper, roll it up around a new log, stop the veil allowing it to be torn off, unload the completed paper log, and reload a new paper core to be rolled up. Winding units generally include a primary and a secondary roller, supplying the desired rotational speed for winding, and a pressure unit consisting of a pressure roller in contact with the paper log being rolled up, which assures adequate containment and avoids the paper log to escape. All known systems have some mechanical limitations, mainly due to the contact of the pressure roller with the paper log, causing instabilities and vibrations, particularly when working with soft paper veils. This limits the maximum possible winding speed. The aim of this paper is it to present a detailed kinematic analysis of a novel pressure unit which overcomes the aforementioned limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within a few decades of development, Internet is been refreshing the world's awareness of its development and potentials at an unexpected speed. In recent years, virtual reality technology has begun to be applied to more and more fields. Especially in instant transmission of information, the applications of VR are incomparable. Akin to the wide-ranged advantages of the technology in education and health, the applications of VR in the art of artistic image designing need to be addressed. With this research work, a comprehensive study is presented about the applications of virtual reality in the art of image visualization. The research intends to analyze the possibility of intermingling modern image visualization with the emerging VR technology. Following a systematic approach, the history and development of display design are reviewed besides studying the artistry techniques used in the technology of art image visualization design. The interdisciplinary association of the two fields is explored with the help of relevant algorithms. The model proposed in the paper for the design of art image is based on the visual interactive process, rigorous assembly sequence, and appropriate equipment mode. As a result, the whole design process is more controllable and feasible. The suggested design concept is verified dynamically. Through the collection and comparison of feedback information, the hypothesis algorithm of the model is updated to accommodate the dynamic information so that to reflect the complete image design process. To assess performance of the model, evaluation was conducted from various perspectives. The three basic image operations such as illumination change, occlusion change, and color change were performed by using the two technologies such as the traditional image design and VR-based image design. From the comparison of experimental data, it was revealed that the effects of traditional art image visualization products produced by the art image visualization and that of VR technology are quite different. For instance, the visualization score achieved for the lighting change operation using the VR technology was 95.48%, whereas 85.57% was obtained for the same operation using the traditional image design technology. Similarly, while adding visual effects using the VR technology, an average of 9% higher score was obtained for the said image operations. The promising results attained for the VR-based design testify that the technology is feasible and suitable to be intermingled with the visual design of art image. As a whole, the findings justify that the proposed approach is quite applicable in visual design of art image systems. In view of the significance of the research, the study can be extended to related domains of computer-based designing and visualization as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) isolated from TEMPO-oxidized rice straw was used to improve thermal and tensile strength properties of acrylate polymer films. Acrylate/NFC mixture containing 15% NFC was used for paper coating, and properties of paper sheets including tensile strength, water absorption, and microscopic structure were investigated. The results showed that the presence of NFC in the acrylate matrix significantly improved tensile strength properties and thermomechanical properties of the acrylate polymer and caused moderate increase in its moisture sorption. The presence of NFC in acrylate emulsion caused significant increase in its viscosity. Paper sheets coated with different thin layers (from 0.2 to 6 microns) of acrylate/NFC showed improvement in tensile strength and decrease of water absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethiopia is experiencing deterioration in river quality resulting in adverse effects on human health and hydrobionts. This study aimed to analyse the effects of specific environmental stressors on the distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates in the Upper Awash River. The study was conducted from January 2018 to March 2018. Macroinvertebrates were collected from five sites using standard handheld nets. Physicochemical parameters including electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorous, nitrate-nitrogen, pH, dissolved oxygen and water temperature that can affect the distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates were assessed. A total of 14,465 individuals belonging to 33 families of insects and 5 families of the noninsect group were identified. Among all recorded taxa, Diptera was the most abundant and diversified order. Macroinvertebrates among the five sites showed variation in species evenness, richness, and Shannon Diversity Index. Values obtained from biotic indices and environmental parameters indicated the presence of organic pollution at different levels. The impacted downstream site paper mill waste (Walgata) had the relatively highest H-FBI index followed by Osole (more agricultural activities) indicating that Walgata and Osole were poorer in benthic faunal diversity than other sites. In addition, as habitat and water quality degradation increased, the number and percentage of Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) decreased. The selected metrics will be also useful for the monitoring and assessment of the riverine systems and to access the impact of different stressors. As perturbation increased, species diversity, ETHbios index, Average Score Per Taxon, and family richness decreased, while the percentage of Chironomidae, Diptera, Dominant Taxa, and Hilsenhoff Family-Level Biotic Index increased indicating that tolerant species become abundant in degraded river bodies. Environmental protection agencies of governmental and nongovernmental organizations should make awareness for the local people so that they reduce activities that affect the river. Paper factory should also monitor its effluent from directly discharging into the Upper Awash River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of fermentation time and temperature on the content of high molecular weight polyphenol mitochondrial activation factors (MAFs) and other polyphenols in Congou black tea using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). There were two broad chromatographic peaks in the HPLC spectra of MAFs: MAFs‐1 (16.163 min) and MAFs‐2 (34.31 min); MAFs‐2 was satisfactorily analyzed by HPLC, with separation by paper chromatography. The MAFs‐2 contents increased gradually in different varieties of Congou black tea as the fermentation time and temperature increased; the maximum MAFs‐2 content was 5.11% in Xiaoxianghong 21‐3 after 8 hr of fermentation. The total polyphenols and catechins contents decreased, whereas the theabrownins contents increased as the fermentation time and temperature increased; the theaflavins and thearubigins contents in different Congou black teas showed different variation tendencies. Therefore, studies regarding changes in polyphenols during fermentation will help improve the quality of Congou black tea and enhance its health benefits. Novelty impact statement: A new method for the determination of MAFs‐2 by high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with paper chromatography was established. The content of MAFs‐2 increased initially and then stabilized as fermentation was continued from 2 to 8 hr, it increased gradually as the fermentation temperature was increased from 23 to 37°C. These results provide a new analytical method for MAFs in black tea and a theoretical basis and technical guidance for improving the quality of Congou black tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Printing electronic components by screen printing with the excellent printing quality, high efficiency, and environmental protection has broad application prospects in additive manufacturing. However, because conductive-ink blocks the screen, printing efficiency and quality decreased in the printing process. Thus, it is pivotal to explore adhesion factors from the interaction of conductive ink and screen. Herein, according to the transfer process of screen printing ink, solid-liquid wetting theory, and adhesion mechanism, we establish a liquid bridge adhesion model between two plates and obtain the functional relationship between the adhesion force and its influencing factors. Fluent software verifies the adhesion force model's conclusion to get the influence trend of the adhesion force on the ink residue. At last, by establishing a liquid bridge tensile fracture test, we gain experimental results consistent with the theoretical model and numerical simulation results. It is demonstrated that solid-liquid contact angle, tensile distance, and liquid volume are the main factors affecting the change of solid-liquid adhesion. The increase of tensile distance and contact angle will affect the adhesion force. The smaller the maximum solid-liquid adhesion during the initial stretching of the liquid bridge, the less the residual amount remained on the solid surface. By means of screen modification, the adhesion between conductive ink and screen can be reduced; meanwhile, the efficiency and quality of printed products can be improved. What's more, it also provides a valuable reference for the modification of screen printing electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper biosensor was developed using Tyr-AuNps bioconjugate produced by Streptomyces for the detection of phenol from the effluent of wine, paper, and plastic industries. Among three filter papers assessed, Whatman number 2 filter paper was proved to be the best paper base for the development of biosensor. Tyrosinase and gold nanoparticles being produced by a single novel isolate Streptomyces tuirus DBZ39 proved to be efficient bioconjugate for the detection of phenol constituents, due to its biocompatibility. The substrate specific catalytic activity of the tyrosinase and unique Surface Plasmon Resonance attribute of gold nanoparticles are the cause for efficient detection of phenol constituents from the effluent of wine, paper, and plastic industries in 3 min. The different types and quantity of phenolic constituents in various industrial effluents, such as phenol in wine, dopamine in paper, and catechol in plastic effluents, were accurately detected by the bioconjugate. The efficacy of tyrosinase in the detection of phenol constituents was expected to be enhanced by the gold nanoparticles because of their electron, optical, and magnetic properties. This novel paper strip biosensor could be cost-effective and efficient means of future devices for the detection of phenolic pollutants from any environmental samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper is one of the most widely used materials, due to its application in books, packaging, and office supplies. However, conventional paper has many disadvantages, such as low tensile strength, poor resistance to water and oil contamination, lack of antigraffiti capability, and easily deformed by moisture. Therefore, we proposed a double-layer protective coating that consists of a polyurethane (PU) bottom layer, to enhance tensile strength, and a top polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite layer to enable antigraffiti and contamination-resistant capabilities. In the study, a double-layer coating was applied to conventional paper, using a simple two-step spraying method. The results showed that the prepared coating structure exhibited outstanding self-cleaning characteristics with respect to both water and oil contamination and adequately demonstrated antigraffiti capability. Moreover, the coating maintained superhydrophobic and oil-stain resistance after four months of outdoor storage. Finally, the tensile strength of the coated paper was 6.3 times as high as that of the original paper, making this coating structure a promising solution to the problems that limit paper from being more widely utilized in commercial and consumer application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation of paper-based materials, namely, manuscripts, includes repair of tears, gap filling, consolidation, and fixation, which requires the use of adhesives. The adhesive in use for these purposes should be compatible with the chemical and physical properties of paper and should present good aging characteristics. In this study, we conducted a set of experiments with paper samples on which fructan-based biopolymer Halomonas levan (Hlevan) was applied for the first time and compared with glucan-based adhesive starch. Adhesive-applied samples were initially prepared by the application of different historical recipes of sizing and ink. Then, they underwent accelerated thermal aging. Chemical and physical changes of paper samples (crystallinity, pH, and color) were analyzed. Finally, Principal Component Analysis was performed to identify dominating factors affecting sample behavior with applied adhesives. This study demonstrates the aging characteristics of Hlevan on cellulose-based materials. The results showed that there is a color shift from blue to yellow for all samples after aging, but it is more pronounced for some samples with Hlevan. In addition, Hlevan is slightly less acidic than starch in all cases and acted as a plasticizer for a specific kind of sizing material. The methodology of this research is also efficacious in terms of understanding the interaction of paper media with the adhesives and their effects on aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]