34 results
Search Results
2. Proposal and Solution of a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Optimization Model That Incorporates Future Preparedness for Project Portfolio Selection.
- Author
-
Albano, Taise C. L., Baptista, Edmea C., Armellini, Fabiano, Jugend, Daniel, and Soler, Edilaine M.
- Subjects
- *
PREPAREDNESS , *MATHEMATICAL programming , *PROJECT management , *MANAGEMENT by objectives , *MATHEMATICAL models , *STOCHASTIC dominance , *COST estimates - Abstract
In the context of project management, the attention given to project portfolio management has increased in recent years. The use of mathematical programming for portfolio management is also on the rise, because it integrates the project interactions with the multiple objectives of portfolio management into a single model. Among the possible objectives, recent studies have paid special attention to the emerging objective of future preparedness, which has not yet been incorporated into the existing mathematical models. This paper presents a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization model for portfolio selection that considers four main performance measures for project management, namely, value maximization, strategic alignment, balance, and future preparedness. Given the importance of the last measure, the purpose of this paper is to provide a more complete model that provides the marginal contribution and the best combination of projects according to the needs of the company. The model is tested using real data from two companies, one in Brazil and one in Canada, and the results obtained are coherent with their respective practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A Data-driven Long-Term Dynamic Rating Estimating Method for Power Transformers.
- Author
-
Dong, Ming
- Subjects
- *
GAUSSIAN mixture models , *POWER transformers , *PUBLIC utilities - Abstract
This paper presents a data-driven method for estimating annual continuous dynamic rating of power transformers to serve the long-term planning purpose. Historically, research works on dynamic rating have been focused on real-time/near-future system operations. There has been a lack of research for long-term planning oriented applications. Currently, most utility companies still rely on static rating numbers when planning power transformers for the next few years. In response, this paper proposes a novel and comprehensive method to analyze the past 5-year temperature, loading and load composition data of existing power transformers in a planning region. Based on such data and the forecasted area load composition, a future power transformer's load shape profile can be constructed by using Gaussian Mixture Model. Then according to IEEE std. C57.91-2011, a power transformer thermal aging model can be established to incorporate future loading and temperature profiles. As a result, annual continuous dynamic rating profiles under different temperature scenarios can be determined. The profiles can reflect the long-term thermal overloading risk in a much more realistic and granular way, which can significantly improve the accuracy of power transformer planning. A real utility application example in Canada has been presented to validate and demonstrate the practicality and usefulness of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Assessment of Categorical Triple Collocation for Sea Ice/Open Water Observations: Application to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.
- Author
-
Scott, K. Andrea
- Subjects
- *
SEA ice , *SYNTHETIC aperture radar , *WATER - Abstract
Monitoring the sea ice cover is important for both climate studies and ice operations, such as shipping. It is challenging to validate even basic essential variables, such as the sea ice extent, due to a lack of appropriate validation data. Instead of focusing on validation, this paper looks at the use of categorical triple collocation (CTC) for the task of quantitatively comparing three colocated data sets. CTC has been developed and used in earlier studies to rank binary data sets. In this paper, we extend earlier studies and bring in recent results from the binary classification community to estimate the class imbalance (the relative proportion of each class, ice or water). We then use this class imbalance to obtain quantitative estimates of the proportion correct of ice (sensitivity) and the proportion correct of water (specificity). The methodology is first tested using toy data, after which three data sets from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, on the east coast of Canada, are used. These data sets are from an ice–ocean model, a passive microwave sea ice concentration retrieval, and a sea ice concentration retrieval from synthetic aperture radar (SAR). By looking at both the sensitivity and the specificity, it is found that the passive microwave data have difficulty in recognizing ice during freeze-up, but they perform well at obtaining the correct water observations. This distinction cannot be made by ranking the data sets. The CTC method is compared with, and found to be complementary to, a validation using ice/water states from the interactive multisensor snow and ice mapping system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. High-Frequency Ionospheric Monitoring System for Over-the-Horizon Radar in Canada.
- Author
-
Thayaparan, Thayananthan, Dupont, Dale, Ibrahim, Yousef, and Riddolls, Ryan
- Subjects
- *
IONOSPHERE , *RADAR , *SOLAR activity , *SHORTWAVE radio , *RADAR antennas , *RAY tracing - Abstract
The Canadian Department of National Defence (DND) is developing an experimental over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) with the potential for surveillance of Canada. Because of dynamically changing ionospheric conditions in the Earth’s high-latitude and polar regions, the operating OTHR transmission frequency and elevation angle need to be adjusted regularly to maintain constant illumination of downrange targets. In this paper, the feasible operating frequency and elevation angle radar parameters are determined for short- and long-range OTHR operation using 3-D ionosphere ray-tracing simulations. Together, the collection of all feasible radar configurations forms a characteristic profile which shifts and deforms as factors such as the time of day, season, and solar activity are varied. The range of operating frequencies and elevation angles obtained from this paper will aid developing the transmitter and receiver antenna layouts for experimental OTHR configurations in the poorly understood high-latitude and polar regions. These methods will also help to form the basis of the frequency monitoring systems (FMS) that will control the configuration of these polar OTHR systems in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Calibration of Electrical Instruments Under Nonsinusoidal Conditions at NRC Canada.
- Author
-
Djokic, Branislav and Parks, Harold
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRICAL harmonics , *CALIBRATION , *NATIONAL competency-based educational tests - Abstract
The paper describes the recent development of a system for calibration of electrical instruments with harmonics measurement capability, such as revenue meters and power analyzers, under nonsinusoidal test conditions at National Research Council (NRC) Canada. The improvements implemented with respect to an earlier NRC calibration system are aimed at increasing the calibration accuracy in a wider frequency range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A Method for Calculating the Asymmetry in the Shunt Parameters of Power Lines in Compensated Distribution Networks.
- Author
-
Gargoom, Ameen, Oo, Amanullah M.T., and Cavanagh, Martin
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC lines , *FAULT currents - Abstract
In compensated distributed networks (CDN), minimizing the asymmetry in the shunt parameters of the power lines is a key factor for avoiding excessive neutral voltages which is necessary not only for safety but also for improving the sensitivity of detecting ground faults, particularly when bush-fire mitigation is a major concern. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis and modeling of the asymmetry of the power lines in CDN. Unlike the existing analyses which assume the asymmetry can be lumped in one phase, the proposed analysis is based on more practical assumption by considering the asymmetry in all of the phases of the power lines. The proposed analysis is used to develop an equivalent circuit for asymmetrical CDN which then used to develop a new method for calculating the per-phase asymmetries in the shunt parameters. The proposed method has been validated based on simulations of real networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Combining Unsupervised and Supervised Learning for Asset Class Failure Prediction in Power Systems.
- Author
-
Dong, Ming
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC power failures , *WEIBULL distribution , *K-means clustering , *ELECTRIC utilities , *ASSETS (Accounting) , *CITIES & towns , *SUPERVISED learning , *LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
In power systems, an asset class is a group of power equipment that has the same function and shares similar electrical and/or mechanical characteristics. Predicting failures for different asset classes is critical for electric utilities toward developing cost-effective asset management strategies. Previously, physical age based Weibull distribution has been widely used for failure prediction. However, this mathematical model cannot incorporate asset condition data. As a result, the prediction cannot be very specific and accurate for individual assets. To solve this important problem, this paper proposes a novel and comprehensive data-driven approach based on asset condition data: K-means clustering as an unsupervised learning method is used to analyze the inner structure of historical asset condition data and produce the asset conditional ages; logistic regression as a supervised learning method takes in both asset physical ages and conditional ages to classify and predict asset operation statuses. Furthermore, an index called average aging rate is defined to quantify, track, and estimate the relationship between asset physical age and conditional age. This approach was applied to a medium-voltage cable class in an urban distribution system in West Canada. Case studies and comparison with standard Weibull distribution are provided. The proposed approach demonstrates higher accuracy measured by F1-Score than Weibull distribution method for asset class failure prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Implementation of Quasi-Real-Time Rating Software to Monitor 525 kV Cable Systems.
- Author
-
Cherukupalli, Sudhakar, Adapa, Ram, and Bascom, Earle C.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC power systems , *SUBMARINE cables , *OPTICAL fibers , *CABLES , *DYNAMICAL systems - Abstract
In 1999, BC Hydro installed optical fibers in the fluid channel of 525 kV self-contained fluid-filled submarine cables originally installed in the 1980s that connect substations in the Vancouver area of British Columbia, Canada, for the purposes of monitoring temperatures. In combination with this work, a real-time monitoring was used to collect load data and measured temperatures in an effort to optimize the ratings of the cables. The dynamic thermal circuit rating system developed by the Electric Power Research Institute was applied to the 525 kV cables as part of a project to modify the system for support of the unique characteristics of the cable system installation. Specifically, the submarine cables utilize a parallel pipe water cooling system for the shore zones. This paper describes the software modifications that were implemented to enhance the dynamic rating system to model the unique characteristics of the 525 kV cable system and discusses how recorded data collected over several seasons were used to verify and refine the cable rating model. The resulting evaluation showed good agreement of the dynamic rating system calculations with measured results and helped the utility better understand the ratings on these circuits and permitted the utility to perform simulations to evaluate various loading conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Lithium-Ion-Capacitor-Based Distributed UPS Architecture for Reactive Power Mitigation and Phase Balancing in Datacenters.
- Author
-
Zhao, Shuze, Khan, Nameer, Nagarajan, Sundar, and Trescases, Olivier
- Subjects
- *
REACTIVE power , *UNINTERRUPTIBLE power supply , *SERVER farms (Computer network management) , *POWER resources , *ARCHITECTURE , *ELECTRIC power distribution grids - Abstract
With the rapid proliferation of cloud computing, the energy cost of datacenters and the impact of reactive power on the grid have become major concerns. This paper presents two energy management control schemes for distributed uninterruptible power supply (UPS) architectures utilizing lithium-ion ultracapacitors (LIC) for improved system efficiency and reactive power mitigation. One scheme is proposed for low-power servers with an internal dc bus, while another is proposed for medium-to-high-power server racks with an in-rack dc bus. The LIC and the dc bus interface with a bidirectional dc–dc converter, which allows the power supply unit to run in the optimal operating region for the improved system efficiency and power factor. The server-level UPS architecture is experimentally tested using a 200-kHz, bidirectional, multiphase dc–dc converter with hysteretic current-mode control, while achieving 33% reactive power mitigation. Based on the SciNet datacenter in Toronto, ON, Canada, a rack-level distributed UPS architecture is built in MATLAB, and system-level simulations indicate a 37% reduction in the reactive power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Abstracts of Papers Presented to the ACM Conference at Rutgers University.
- Subjects
- *
MACHINERY , *CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
Presents abstracts of papers presented to the Association for Computing Machinery Conference at Rutgers University on March 28-29, 1950, in New Brunswick, New Jersey. 'Maddida'--General Theory,' by Floyd G. Steele; 'Maddida--Design Features,' by Donald E. Eckdahl.
- Published
- 2003
12. Impact of Smart Grids and Green Power Generation on Distribution Systems.
- Author
-
Mozina, Charles J.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRON tube grids , *POWER distribution networks , *ELECTRONIC circuits - Abstract
A significant amount of green power is being installed at the distribution level through the installation of green power generation facilities in the U.S. and Canada. This paper discusses green-power-generating sources (of 10 MW or less), which are connected to the utility system at the distribution level, and their impact on the distribution system. This paper also discusses the impact of smart grid and whether this new technology can solve some of the issues raised in this paper. Distribution circuits are designed to supply radial loads. Therefore, the introduction of green generation could mean redistribution of fault and load currents on the feeder circuit, overvoltage, and ferroresonance, plus a possible loss of protection system coordination—all of which can result in customer outages. This paper discusses these issues which are generally not well understood by many distribution protection engineers and can adversely affect distribution system reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Nontraditional Protection Solutions Permit Tap Transmission Connections of Nonutility Generators.
- Author
-
Nagpal, Mukesh
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC power distribution grids , *ELECTRIC line protection , *FAULT currents , *ELECTRIC fault location , *INTERCONNECTED power systems - Abstract
Traditional connection of a generating station to the transmission grid typically requires either a new transmission line to an existing substation or building a new substation to segment an existing transmission line. Both of these options are capital intensive which often hurts economic viability especially small- or medium-size nonconventional generating stations. The direct connection to an existing transmission line, without the switching station, is the most economical solution to interconnect the generating station but it desensitizes the line protection and poses a risk to the ability of the protection to detect faults, particularly ground faults involving fault resistances. Multifunction relays, combined with communication-assisted schemes, now offer innovative solutions to overcome protection desensitization concerns. This paper describes these solutions which are successfully implemented by a large Canadian electric utility over the last two decades to tap connect numerous generators to the transmission grid. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Object Worlds in Work Domain Analysis: A Model of Naval Damage Control.
- Author
-
Torenvliet, Gerard L., Jamieson, Greg A., and Chow, Renée
- Subjects
- *
SHIP maintenance , *DAMAGE control (Warships) , *SEA power (Military science) , *NAVAL strategy , *FRIGATES , *HALIFAX (Bomber) , *BOMBERS (Airplanes) - Abstract
This paper presents a work domain analysis of dam- age control on the Canadian Halifax Class frigate. Our analysis made use of the modeling construct of object worlds to help in defining the work domain to model and to help in understanding the results of this model compared to other work domain analyses developed in the naval domain. This paper makes a practical contribution through the presentation of a detailed example of work domain analysis in a new domain and a theoretical contribution by clarifying the use of object worlds in work domain analysis, analyzing the way in which object worlds can be understood in systems where the various stakeholders are closely coordinated and promoting object worlds as a way to control model scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Understanding Power-System Stability.
- Author
-
Basler, Michael J. and Schaefer, Richard C.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC power system stability , *ELECTRIC power systems , *ELECTRIC power production , *ELECTRIC power transmission , *ELECTRIC lines , *ELECTRIC fault location , *FAULT location (Engineering) - Abstract
This paper discusses power-system instability and the importance of fast fault-clearing performance to aid in reliable production of power. An explanation regarding small-signal stability, high-impedance transmission lines, line loading, and high-gain fast-acting excitation systems is provided. Transient stability is discussed, including synchronizing and damping torques. The power-angle curve is used to illustrate how fault-clearing time and high initial response excitation systems can affect transient stability. The term "power-system stability" has become increasingly popular in generation and transmission. The sudden requirement for power-system stabilizers (PSSs) has created confusion about their applicability, purpose, and benefit to the system. This paper discusses the fundamentals of the PSS and its effectiveness. In today's paper industry, PSSs are being applied on larger machines in the northwest United States and Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Compact Planar Antennas for Short-Range Wireless Automotive Communication.
- Author
-
Al-Khateeb, Basim, Rabinovich, Victor, Oaldey, Barbara, and Alexandrov, Nikolai
- Subjects
- *
ANTENNAS (Electronics) , *WIRELESS communications , *TELECOMMUNICATION systems , *TELECOMMUNICATION , *DATA transmission systems , *PRINTED circuits , *ELECTRIC circuits , *ELECTRONIC equipment , *ELECTRONIC amplifiers , *ELECTRONICS - Abstract
This paper describes several small printed circuit board planar antennas that can be integrated with amplifiers for short-range vehicle wireless communication. The antennas are designed for the 315-MHz frequency band, which is commonly used for control and security devices in the USA and Canada. Each antenna has dimensions of 50 × 70 mm (much less than the free-space wavelength λ = 0.95 m) and is implemented on FR-4 dielectric substrate. These investigated antennas were compared with respect to input impedance, radiation resistance, radiation efficiency, directivity, directionality, bandwidth, matching system complexity, and gain. This paper also includes experimental verification of the final antenna design in the vehicle. It is shown that the antenna diversity method can increase communication range for remote keyless entry systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Near Lossless Data Compression Onboard a Hyperspectral Satellite.
- Author
-
Shen-En Qian, Bergeron, Martin, Cunningham, Ian, Gagnon, Luc, and Hollinger, Allan
- Subjects
- *
ALGORITHMS , *DATA compression , *DATABASE management , *ELECTRONIC file management - Abstract
To deal with the large volume of data produced by hyperspectral sensors, the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) has developed and patented two near lossless data compression algorithms for use onboard a hyperspectral satellite: successive approximation multi-stage vector quantization (SAMVQ) and hierarchical self-organizing cluster vector quantization (HSOCVQ). This paper describes the two compression algorithms and demonstrates their near lossless feature. The compression error introduced by the two compression algorithms was compared with the intrinsic noise of the original data that is caused by the instrument noise and other noise sources such as calibration and atmospheric correction errors. The experimental results showed that the compression error was not larger than the intrinsic noise of the original data when a test data set was compressed at a compression ratio of 20:1. The overall noise in the reconstructed data that contains both the intrinsic noise and the compression error is even smaller than the intrinsic noise when the data is compressed using SAMVQ. A multi-disciplinary user acceptability study has been carried out in order to evaluate the impact of the two compression algorithms on hyperspectral data applications. This paper briefly summarizes the evaluation results of the user acceptability study. A prototype hardware compressor that implements the two compression algorithms has been built using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and benchmarked. The compression ratio and fidelity achieved by the hardware compressor are similar to those obtained by software simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. A Twofold Daubechies-Wavelet-Based Module for Fault Detection and Voltage Regulation in SEIGs for Distributed Wind Power Generation.
- Author
-
Iyer, K. Lakshmi Varaha, Lu, Xiaomin, Usama, Yasir, Ramakrishnan, Vamsi, and Kar, Narayan C.
- Subjects
- *
INDUCTION generators , *WIND power plants , *VOLTAGE regulators , *WAVELETS (Mathematics) , *ALTERNATING current generators - Abstract
As Canada and the world move rapidly toward increased reliance on wind power generation, self-excited induction generators (SEIGs) will play an important role in distributed wind power generation (DWPG). Understanding the significance and prospects of SEIGs in DWPG, first, this paper elucidates the significance of fault detection (FD) and voltage regulation (VR) in the aforementioned application. A comprehensive analysis of VR and faults on niche industrial 7.5-hp copper-rotor SEIG and conventional 7.5-hp aluminum-rotor SEIG is performed through numerical simulations, and the calculated results are validated through experimental investigations. Second, a twofold Daubechies-wavelet-transform-based module is designed for the following: 1) FD and 2) VR, respectively. A discrete-wavelet-transform-based algorithm is proposed and implemented on a low-cost embedded system to provide an economical solution for the aforementioned issues. Thereafter, the aforementioned schemes are tested, and results are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Geolocation of Argus Flight Data.
- Author
-
Chesser, H., Lee, R., Benari, G., Jagpal, R., Lam, K., and Quine, B.
- Subjects
- *
SPECTROMETERS , *WIRELESS geolocation systems , *PERTURBATION theory , *DATA analysis - Abstract
In this paper, we briefly describe the Argus spectrometer and its mission. We then focus on the process to determine the geolocation of the spectrometer's flight data. For the Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment 2 (CanX-2) Argus flight, we have used Simplified General Perturbations 4 (SGP4) propagation for position determination. Two sets of flight data are presented as examples. We estimate the uncertainty in the geolocation of Argus data using this method and investigate potential improvements for future Argus flights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Workforce Planning for Power Restoration: An Integrated Simulation-Optimization Approach.
- Author
-
Safaei, Nima, Banjevic, Dragan, and Jardine, Andrew K. S.
- Subjects
- *
WORKFORCE planning , *ELECTRIC power failures , *ELECTRIC power distribution , *ELECTRIC utilities , *CANADIAN provinces , *RESOURCE management , *SIMULATION methods & models , *MATHEMATICAL optimization - Abstract
In this paper, an integrated simulation—optimization approach is proposed for annual planning of power restoration workforce related to an electricity distribution company in a province of Canada. Internal and external workforces are employed to perform maintenance actions and restore power after interruptions throughout the province. According to the electricity distribution network, the province is divided into a number of work locations (WL), each having local crews to perform maintenance actions and fix power interruptions. However, determining the size of the crew in each WL over the year is challenging because of high fluctuation in interruption frequency and consequently in projected demand during the year. The frequency of interruptions is affected by various factors such as geographical location, time calendar, and particularly weather conditions. The objective is to determine the optimal combination of internal and external workforce over the year to cover the interruptions across the province with minimum cost and minimum customer interruption duration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A Robust Optimization Approach for Planning the Transition to Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles.
- Author
-
Hajimiragha, Amir H., Canizares, Claudio A., Fowler, Michael W., Moazeni, Somayeh, and Elkamel, Ali
- Subjects
- *
ROBUST optimization , *STRATEGIC planning , *PLUG-in hybrid electric vehicles , *TRANSPORTATION , *ELECTRIC power systems , *UNCERTAINTY (Information theory) - Abstract
This paper proposes a new technique to analyze the electricity and transport sectors within a single integrated framework to realize an environmentally and economically sustainable integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) into the electric grid, considering the most relevant planning uncertainties. The method is based on a comprehensive robust optimization planning that considers the constraints of both the electricity grid and the transport sector. The proposed model is justified and described in some detail, applying it to the real case of Ontario, Canada, to determine Ontario's grid potential to support PHEVs for the planning horizon 2008–2025. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Achieving Subpixel Georeferencing Accuracy in the Canadian AVHRR Processing System.
- Author
-
Khlopenkov, Konstantin V., Trishchenko, Alexander P., and Yi Luo
- Subjects
- *
TELECOMMUNICATION satellites , *REMOTE-sensing images , *RADIOMETERS , *CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
Precise geolocation is one of the fundamental requirements for satellite imagery to be suitable for climate applications. The Global Climate Observing System and the Committee on Earth Observing Satellites identified the requirement for the accuracy of geolocation of satellite data for climate applications as 1/3 field of view (FOV). This requirement for the series of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration platforms cannot be met without implementing the ground control point (GCP) correction, particularly for historical data, because of limited accuracy of orbit modeling and knowledge of satellite attitude angles. This paper presents a new method for precise georeferencing of the AVHRR imagery developed as part of the new Canadian AVHRR processing system (CAPS) designed for generating high-quality AVHRR satellite climate data record at 1-km spatial resolution. The method works in swath projection and uses the following: 1) the reference monthly images from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer at 250-m resolution; 2) orthorectification to correct for surface elevation; and 3) a novel image matching technique in swath projection to achieve the subpixel resolution. The method is designed for processing daytime data as it intensively employs observations from optical solar bands, the near-infrared channel in particular. The application of the developed processing system showed that the algorithm achieved better than 1/3 FOV geolocation accuracy for AVHRR 1-km scenes. It has very high efficiency rate (> 97%) due to the dense and uniform GCP coverage of the study area (5700 x 4800 km²), covering the entire Canada, the Northern U.S., Alaska, Greenland, and surrounding oceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Climate Change Impacts on Residential and Commercial Loads in the Western U.S. Grid.
- Author
-
Lu, Ning, Taylor, Todd, Jiang, Wei, Jin, Chunlian, Coneia, Jr., James, Leung, L. Ruby, and Pak Chung Wong
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change & society , *GLOBAL temperature changes , *MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization , *ENERGY consumption , *COMMERCIAL buildings - Abstract
This paper presents a multidisciplinary modeling approach to quickly quantify climate change impacts on energy consumption, peak load, and load composition of residential and commercial buildings. This research focuses on addressing the impact of temperature changes on the building cooling load in ten major cities across the Western United States and Canada. Our results have shown that by the mid-century, building yearly energy consumption and peak load will increase in the Southwest. Moreover, the peak load months will spread out to not only the summer months but also spring and autumn months. The Pacific Northwest will experience more hot days in the summer months. The penetration levels of air-conditioning (a/c) systems in this region are likely to increase significantly over the years. As a result, some locations in the Pacific Northwest may be shifted from winter peaking to summer peaking. Overall, the Western U.S. grid may see more simultaneous peaks across the North and South in summer months. Increased cooling load will result in a significant increase in the motor load, which consumes more reactive power and requires stronger voltage support from the grid. This study suggests an increasing need for the industry to implement new technology to increase the efficiency of temperature-sensitive loads and apply proper protection and control to prevent possible adverse impacts of a/c motor loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Web-Based Engine for Program Curriculum Designers.
- Author
-
Hamam, Habib and Loucif, Samia
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATIONAL accreditation , *EDUCATIONAL programs , *CURRICULUM planning , *INSTRUCTIONAL systems design , *COLLEGE curriculum - Abstract
Educational institutions pay careful attention to the design of program curricula, which represent a framework to meet institutional goals and missions. Of course, the success of any institution depends highly on the quality of its program curriculum. The development of such a curriculum and, more importantly, the evaluation of its quality are complex and time-consuming processes. This traditional approach requires many cumbersome manual iterations, making it a long and error-prone process. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes a new curriculum support engine as an alternative approach. The proposed curriculum support engine is a Web-based application that helps in designing any program curriculum in real time. The engine incorporates several important features, allowing the verification of the proposed curriculum coherence and the generation of statistics necessary for academic and accreditation purposes. Useful viewing and editing tools are also provided. The proposed curriculum support engine is flexible and allows additional criteria that the curriculum designer can specify to be incorporated. In particular, the engine covers the Accreditation of Canadian Engineering Programs (CEAB), the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), and the Commission of Academic Accreditation of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of UAE (CAA-UAE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Evaluating the Use of Cross-Polarization Discrimination in Mitigating Interference from Unlicensed Devices onto DTV.
- Author
-
Salehian, KhaliI, Yiyan Wu, Prendergast, Douglas, and Gagnon, Gilles
- Subjects
- *
ULTRAHIGH frequency television , *TELEVISION broadcasting , *ANTENNAS (Electronics) , *RESEARCH institutes , *COMMUNICATIONS research - Abstract
This paper presents the results of the tests performed by the Communications Research Centre Canada (CRC) for determining cross-polarization discrimination of some consumer-grade UHF TV antennas that are available on the market. The test conditions were selected to resemble the situation when a UD (Unlicensed Device) transmitting antenna is operational in the vicinity of a TV receiving antenna. The results of this experiment will be helpful in evaluating the effectiveness of cross-polarization discrimination when it is used as a way of mitigating the interference effects from UD radiation onto DTV reception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Simulation of Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations in Rainy Atmospheres at the Meteorological Service of Canada.
- Author
-
Burlaud, Corinne, Deblonde, Godelieve, and Mahfouf, Jean-Francois
- Subjects
- *
METEOROLOGICAL services , *GLOBAL environmental change , *WEATHER forecasting , *BRIGHTNESS temperature , *RADIOMETERS - Abstract
In this paper, a research version of the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) mesoglobal weather forecasts model is evaluated by comparing the simulated Special Sensor Microwave/Imager brightness temperatures (Tbs) with the observed ones. Several comparisons based on two 15-day periods, one in winter and one in summer, have been done. Results are compared to those obtained for a study conducted on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) model. The overall performance of the GEM model is similar to that of the 2001 version of the ECMWF model. The model appears to simulate with realism the large-scale rainy systems but with frequent mislocations. Moreover, the model has a tendency to produce intense small-scale precipitating areas that are not observed. The occurrence frequency of cloud and rain is overestimated by the model. Finally, these results are encouraging enough to continue investigating the assimilation of Tbs in cloudy and rainy skies at MSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Dispersed Generation Interconnection—Utility Perspective.
- Author
-
Nagpal, Mukesh, Plumptre, Frank, Fulton, Richard, and Martinich, Terrence G.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC power distribution , *PUBLIC utilities , *ELECTRIC potential , *ELECTRIC generators - Abstract
Interconnection of generation to an electric distribution system, which is primarily designed to serve radial loads, must not compromise reliability and quality of supply to customers or safety of public and equipment. This paper presents criteria used by BC Hydro, the third largest utility in Canada, to determine the requirements for interconnecting a generating source to its distribution system. The presented criteria discuss tradeoff involved in specifying the grounding connection of interconnecting transformer or how the size of a distributed generator impacts protection upgrades within the utility system, out-of-step tripping duty on the feeder breaker, and requirement of transfer trip to avoid temporary overvoltages. These criteria are applied consistently and uniformly to minimize cost of interconnection engineering. They are based on sound engineering principles to ensure that interconnection upgrades specified are justifiable and defensible, if necessary, to the utility's regulator to ensure open access of the grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. SCS+C: A Modified Sun-Canopy-Sensor Topographic Correction in Forested Terrain.
- Author
-
Soenen, Scott A., Peddle, Derek R., and Coburn, Craig A.
- Subjects
- *
REMOTE sensing , *FORESTS & forestry , *REFLECTANCE , *CARTOGRAPHY , *RELIEF models , *OPTICAL reflection - Abstract
Topographic correction based on sun-canopy-sensor (SCS) geometry is more appropriate than terrain-based corrections in forested areas since SCS preserves the geotropic nature of trees (vertical growth) regardless of terrain, view, and illumination angles. However, in some terrain orientations, SCS experiences an overcorrection problem similar to other simple photometric functions. To address this problem, we propose a new SCS+C correction that accounts for diffuse atmospheric irradiance based on the C-correction. A rigorous, comprehensive, and flexible method for independent validation based on canopy geometric optical reflectance models is also introduced as an improvement over previous validation approaches, and forms a secondary contribution of this paper. Results for a full range of slopes, aspects, and crown closures showed SCS+C provided improved corrections compared to the SCS and four other photometric approaches (cosine, C, Minnaert, statistical-empirical) for a Rocky Mountain forest setting in western Canada. It was concluded that SCS+C should be considered for topographic correction of remote sensing imagery in forested terrain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The Effects of Public Safety Mobile Systems Operations (in TV Channels 63/68) on DTV and NTSC Broadcasting.
- Author
-
Prendergast, Douglas, Guillet, Michele, Caron, Bernard, Wu, Yiyan, Wang, Xianbin, Ledoux, Benoit, and Laflèche, Sébastien
- Subjects
- *
MOBILE communication systems , *DIGITAL television , *TELEVISION broadcasting , *INTERFERENCE (Sound) , *DIGITAL communications - Abstract
The issue of Public Safety (PS) in North America has become more crucial since the Digital Television (DTV) transition allotment plans were developed. Therefore, Canada has designated a modest amount of spectrum in Television broadcast channels 63 and 68 for PS use. As a result of this decision, Co-channel Interference (CCI) and Adjacent-Channel Interference (ACI) resulting from PS operation in channels 63/68 into and from surrounding NTSC or DTV service need to be considered. This paper discusses the impact that (CCI) and (ACI), produced by PS mobile system operation in channel 63/68, has on DTV and NTSC operating in and around channels 63/68. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A Grid Information Resource for Nationwide Real-Time Power Monitoring.
- Subjects
- *
REAL-time control , *REAL-time programming , *WEB browsers - Abstract
A significant banter to improving, the power quality at industrial facilities is the lack of contemporaneous and historical power quality and reliability data. A new Web-enabled near-real-time power quality and reliability monitoring system, termed 1-Grid, has been developed to provide such information on a nationwide basis. The ultralow-cost sensors record power events and send event data via the Internet to the system database servers using an internal modem. Data display, e-mail event notification, site administration, and summary reporting of the data are achieved via a Web browser. In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, the Electric Power Research Institute, and leading utilities and manufacturers, the deployment of these sensors has begun, with a target deployment of 50 000 monitors across the U.S. and Canada over the next 2-4 years. This paper discusses the implementation of this grid information resource, and discusses data captured by the network since early monitors were deployed in 2001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Energy Price Forecasting in the Ontario Competitive Power System Market.
- Author
-
Rodriguez, Claudia P. and Anders, George J.
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY industries , *PRICING , *FUZZY systems , *FUZZY logic , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
This paper introduces a method for forecasting energy prices using artificial intelligence methods, such as neural networks and fuzzy logic, and a combination of the two. The new approach is compared with some of the exiting methods. Various factors affecting the market clearing price are investigated. Results for the Ontario electricity market are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Guest Editors' Introduction: Next Generation Software Reuse.
- Author
-
Devanbu, Premkumar T., Perry, Dewayne E., and Poulin, Jeffrey S.
- Subjects
- *
CONFERENCES & conventions , *COMPUTER software reusability , *INTERNET , *DATA structures - Abstract
The article presents guest editorial, published in the May 2000 issue of the periodical "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering," vol. 26, no. 5. The Fifth International Conference on Software Reuse that was held in Victoria B.C., Canada, included papers, mini-workshops, panels, and tutorials dedicated to various aspects of the software reuse enterprise, software architecture, and reuse over the Internet. Out of the 31 papers that were presented, a select few were nominated by the program committee as representing special, innovative contributions. In addition to that the article presents information on the two papers related to major technological approaches to software reuse. The first paper, considers the problem of selecting the best realizations and algorithms for a general purpose data structure. The second paper, is concerned with the problem of adapting class libraries for specific requirements.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. 2009 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference Awards Comments by the Chairman.
- Author
-
Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronica
- Subjects
- *
AWARDS , *LITERARY prizes , *MANUSCRIPTS , *ASTROPHYSICAL radiation , *NUCLEAR counters - Abstract
The article reports on the 2009 awards organized by the IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) in Canada. The said awards honor outstanding conference paper and the outstanding data workshop presentation. The awards also encourage authors to produce presentations and manuscripts of high quality and significance to the community. Also presented are the highlights on the winners of the 2009 NSREC conference awards.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Near real-time comparison and monitoring of time scales with precise point positioning using nrcan ultra-rapid products.
- Author
-
Cerretto, Giancarlo, Tavella, Patrizia, Lahaye, Francois, Mireault, Yves, and Rovera, Daniele
- Subjects
- *
REAL-time computing , *NATURAL resources , *GLOBAL Positioning System , *RADIO frequency , *REAL-time clocks (Computers) , *STANDARDS , *DATA transmission systems , *ARTIFICIAL satellites , *REMOTE sensing - Abstract
This paper experimentally evaluates the assessment of precise point positioning (PPP) using the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Ultra-Rapid GPS products to serve as a short latency time-transfer tool to assist timing laboratories in operational maintenance of frequency standards and time scale dissemination. An automated data exchange and processing system has been set up to serve the international community for efficient, nearly real-time clock comparison and monitoring purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.