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This two-part paper surveys the frequency and voltage control ancillary services in power systems from various parts of the world. In this first part, the nomenclature used to describe active power reserves across 11 systems is first reviewed in order to facilitate the comparison of frequency control ancillary services. The essential technical features of frequency and voltage control ancillary services are then described. Finally, the technical requirements adopted in eight jurisdictions (North America, continental Europe, Germany, France, Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Great Britain) are compared. The companion paper surveys the economic features of these ancillary services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing installed wind power capacity has caused wind power generation to become a significant percentage of the entire electric power generation. As a consequence, the power system operators have included wind power plants regulation to improve the control of the overall power system, both in steady-state and transient operation. Therefore, wind power systems are required to verify the grid connection requirements stated by the power system operators. In presence of grid voltage dips, the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) requirement compliance produces a mismatch between the generated active power and the active power delivered to the grid. The conventional solution assumes that the active power surplus is dissipated in a dc-link resistor. In this paper, a control scheme for the back-to-back neutral-point-clamped converter is proposed. Under grid voltage dip, the controllers for generator-side and grid-side converters work concurrently to meet the LVRT requirement by storing the active power surplus in the turbine-generator mechanical system inertia while keeping constant the dc-link voltage. Simulation and experimental results verify the proposed control scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]