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6 results

1. Feature Paper in Antibiotics for 2019.

Author

Lipman, Jeffrey and Lipman, Jeffrey

Subjects
Medicine, Acinetobacter baumannii, Antibiotics, Antimicrobial resistance, CRE, Enterobacteriaceae, HPLC-MS/MS, One Health, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Singapore, Start Smart then Focus, actinomycetes, anti-Candida activity, antibacterial, antibacterials, antibiotic prescribing, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic stewardship, antibiotic utilization, antibiotics, antifungal, antifungals, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial stewardship, antimicrobials, bacteriophages, behavior change, bioactivity, biofilms, biosynthesis, broad-spectrum agents, camphorimine, carbapenem-resistant, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, chloramfenicol, clinical trials, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, days of therapy, economic evaluation, efflux inhibitors, efflux pumps, erm(41), extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, florfenicol, fluoroquinolones, general practitioners, guideline, guidelines, health equity assessment tool, health inequalities, hospital epidemiology, implementation, inappropriate prescribing, infection control, infection prevention, infectious disease, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, mutations, mycobacteria, n/a, non-target feed, novel antimicrobials, out-of-hours care, phage therapy, piperine, piperlongumine, policy analysis, polyketide synthases, polyketides, practitioners cooperative, primary care, public health, quality improvement, quality indicators, quality of care, resistance, silver complexes, stakeholder consultation, swine, synergy, thiamfenicol, urinary tract infections, validation, verapamil
Abstract

Summary: There has been much speculation about a possible antibiotic Armageddon; this would be the result of having untreatable post-operative infections, and similarly untreatable complications after chemotherapy. The now famous "O'Neill Report" (https://amr-review.org/) suggests that more people could die from resistant bacterial infections by 2050 than from cancer. We are still learning about all the subtle drivers of antibiotic resistance, and realizing that we need a single "whole of health" co-ordinated policy. We ingest what we sometimes feed to animals. There do not seem to be any new classes of antibiotics on our horizon. Perhaps something that has been around "forever" will come to our rescue-bacteriophages! Nevertheless, we have to do things differently, use antibiotics appropriately, for the correct indication, for the correct duration and with the correct dose, and with that, practice good antibiotic stewardship. Whilst by no means comprehensive, this book does cover some of the many topics of antibiotic stewardship. It also addresses some of the older antibiotics, some new combinations, and even some new agents. Last, and by no means least, there are two excellent articles on bacteriophages.

2. The State of the Art in Endodontics.

Author

Amato, Massimo, Amato, Massimo, Iandolo, Alfredo, and Pantaleo, Giuseppe

Subjects
Public health & preventive medicine, BioRoot RCS, MTA Flow, Micro-CT, NiTi, accuracy, analgesic intake, apexification, apical plug, benzalkonium chloride, bioceramic sealer, bone graft, chlorhexidine, computed-assisted template, computer-aided static navigation, cone-beam computed tomography scan, confocal laser microscope, continuous rotation, cross-section, cross-section design, cyclic fatigue, dental anatomy, dental diagnostic imaging, dental medicine, dental pulp, digital impression, endodontic file, endodontic reciprocating file, endodontic rotary file, endodontic rotary files, endodontic surgery, endodontic therapy, endodontics, energy-dispersive X-ray, fatigue analysis, finite element analysis, flare-up, flexural bending, guided tissue regeneration, immature permanent tooth, membrane, meta-analysis, micro-computed tomography, micro-computed tomography scan, morphology, n/a, nanodroplets, oral health, pediatric dentistry, periapical lesion, pitch, platelet rich fibrin, porosity, postoperative pain, primary molar teeth, pulp, pulpitis, pulpotomy, reciprocating, regeneration, resistance, root, root canal, root canal dentin removal, root canal filling, root perforation, single cone, sodium hypochlorite, speed, stress distribution, systematic review, tooth autotransplantation, toothache, torsion, treatment outcome, tricalcium silicate, ultrasonic, umbrella review, viability staining
Abstract

Summary: Nowadays, we use the term "modern endodontics" thanks to new technologies, novel materials, and revolutionary techniques. Various equipment is available to facilitate and improve our endodontic treatments, such as operating microscopes, ultrasounds, lasers, modern alloys for rotary files, powerful irrigation systems, new materials for filling root canals, 3D radiology, and several more. With the aid of the previously mentioned advances, complex endodontic treatments can be carried out safely, hence guaranteeing patients a high level of care and, above all, saving teeth that would otherwise be doomed for extraction. General practitioners and, even more importantly, specialists in endodontics should implement these modern technologies in their practice. This Special Issue will focus on modern endodontics regarding all the recent updates. Full papers of original articles, short communications, and review articles are all invited.

3. Recent Advances in the Understanding of Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance in Noctuid Pests.

Author

Le Goff, Gaelle, Le Goff, Gaelle, and Nauen, Ralf

Subjects
Biology, life sciences, Research & information: general, 1'S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate, ABC Transporter, ABCC2, ATP switch model, ATP-Binding Cassette, ATP-binding cassette transporters, Alpinia galanga, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt resistance, Chloridea, Cry protein, Cry1F, Cytochrome P450, Fall armyworm, Helicoverpa, Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis, Indonesia, Kenya, LAMP, Mythimna loreyi, Noctuidae, Sf9 cells, Spodoptera, Spodoptera frugiperda, Trichoplusia, biological invasion, botanical pesticide, carboxyl/cholinesterases, corn strain, cytochromes P450, development, diagnostic PCR, dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory, fall armyworm, genetics, genotyping, glutathione S-transferases, insect rearing, insecticide resistance, insecticide resistance genes, insertions sites, invasive pest, n/a, pore-forming toxin, reference genes, resistance, resistance management, resistance screen, rice armyworm, rice strain, soybean looper, target-site mutations, targeted sequencing, temperature, transposable elements, variability
Abstract

Summary: This book brings together the papers published in the Special Issue "Recent advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of resistance in Noctuid pests" in the journal Insects in 2021. It contains 10 articles that are either original results or reviews. The focus is on insects of the noctuid family, as they are among the most devastating crop pests on the planet. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that allow these insects to become resistant to insecticides is essential for the implementation of sustainable control methods and resistance management strategies.

4. Antimicrobial Prescribing and Stewardship, 1st Volume.

Author

Ashiru-Oredope, Diane and Ashiru-Oredope, Diane

Subjects
Medicine, AMS, Africa, COVID-19, CwPAMS App, FilmArray, Ghana, Gram negative bacteremia, Helicobacter pylori, LMICs, Nepal, PDSA cycle, SARS-CoV-2, Theoretical Domains Framework, UK, Uganda, acute otitis media, adolescents, amoxicillin, animal health, anti-infective agents, antibiotic, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic stewardship, antibiotic stewardship program, antibiotic therapy, antibiotic use, antibiotics, antibiotics use, antimicrobial, antimicrobial prescribing, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), antimicrobial stewardship, antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), antimicrobial stewardship intervention, antimicrobials, attitudes, bacteremia, barriers and enablers, behavior change, bloodstream infection, bone infection, burn care, candidemia, children, clarithromycin, clinical pathways, community health workers, complementarity, complex intervention, coronavirus, critically ill patients, culture and sensitivity testing, delayed/back-up prescribing, developing countries, emergency departments, encephalitis, enterococcal, epidemiology, ethical trials, family practice, fluoroquinolones, follow-up blood cultures, fosfomycin, general practice, health policy, health practitioners, hematologic diseases, infection prevention and control, joint infection, knowledge, leaflet, low- and middle-income countries, low-and middle-income countries, medical students, meningitis, metronidazole, microbial resistance, mortality, multidisciplinary, multiplex PCR, nurse, obesity, older adults, one health, osteomyelitis, outcomes, pediatric infectious disease, pharmacist, pharmacy, pharyngitis, prescribing, prescribing appropriateness, prescription, prospective audit and feedback, proton pump inhibitors, public health, qualitative, quality of health care, rapid diagnostic technology, resistance, resistance patterns, risk factors, sepsis, septic arthritis, smartphone apps, stewardship, therapy, training, upper respiratory tract infections, urinary infection, urinary tract infections (UTI), veterinary, wound care, wound management
Abstract

Summary: This Antimicrobial Prescribing and Stewardship Issue (volume 1) consist of manuscripts, including original research, review articles, case series, and opinion papers for topics related to antimicrobial (antibiotic, antifungal) stewardship, including: Disease-based/organism-based antimicrobial stewardship;Diagnostic stewardship;Influence of antimicrobial utilisation changes in antimicrobial resistance;Impact of antimicrobial stewardship on quality performance measures and patient outcomes;Novel antimicrobial stewardship education and training approaches or interventions aimed at the public and/or healthcare workers;Behavioural change approaches to antimicrobial stewardship;Collaborative practice agreements in antimicrobial stewardship;Antimicrobial stewardship in special populations (e.g., paediatrics, geriatrics, emergency medicine, hematology/oncology);Tackling AMR through antimicrobial stewardship in low- and middle-income countries;Antimicrobial stewardship for animal health;Antimicrobial stewardship in alternative settings (e.g., community practice, long-term care, and resource-limited small and rural hospitals);Antimicrobial use and stewardship in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic;Global collaborations to tackle AMR through antimicrobial stewardship.

5. Immunotherapy, Tumor Microenvironment and Survival Signaling.

Author

Golubovskaya, Vita and Golubovskaya, Vita

Subjects
Clinical & internal medicine, Medicine, Autophagy, BCMA, CAR T cell, CAR macrophage, CAR-T, CAR-T cells, CD11, CD18, CD19, CD37, DCLK1, angiogenesis, antigen loss, breast cancer, cancer, cancer immunotherapy, cancer metabolism, cancer nanomedicine, cancer stem cells, cancer vaccines, cardiotoxicity, cell therapy, cell-cell contact, check point inhibitors, checkpoint, chemotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor, chimeric antigen receptors, clonogenicity, colorectal cancer, combination therapy, crosstalk, dendritic cells, electroporation, hypoxia, immune checkpoint inhibitor, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune escape, immunogenic cell death, immunometabolism, immunomodulation, immunomodulators, immunotherapeutic agent, immunotherapies, immunotherapy, lentiviral transduction, lentivirus, leukemia cells, lung metastasis, lymphoma, lytic peptides, macrophages, melanoma, miRNA, microenvironment, mitochondria, mitochondrial transfer, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, n/a, nanoparticles, oncolytic viral therapy, pathogenesis, pediatric solid tumors, personalized medicine, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, programmed cell death protein 1, regulatory T cells, resistance, risk factors, solid tumors, targeted therapy, targeted treatment, triple-negative breast cancer, tuft cells, tumor, tumor antigen, tumor antigens, tumor immune evasion, tumor microenvironment, tumor stem cells, tumor stroma, tunneling nanotubes, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, β2 integrins
Abstract

Summary: The book is based on the Cancers journal Special Issue entitled "Immunotherapy, Tumor Microenvironment and Survival Signaling", and focuses on important problems concerning tumors and tumor microenvironment interactions, as well as novel immunotherapies such as CAR-T cell therapy. Immunotherapies have recently shown remarkable results in the treatment of cancer patients. However, there are still many questions that remain to be solved in regards to more effective therapies, such as the tumor heterogeneous profile, tumor microenvironment, and tumor survival epigenetic and genetic pathways, all of which make patients resistant to the presently available treatments for cancer. This book demonstrates different approaches to overcome the challenges faced by immunotherapies due to suppressive tumor microenvironments. This book includes 18 papers that can be divided into three chapters: 1. novel immunotherapies; 2. targeting tumor microenvironment and novel approaches; 3. targeting tumors and tumor microenvironment in different types of cancer.

6. Constructing places of resistance and non-participatory identities in a secondary school undergoing radical change

Author

Ralph, Thomas and Levinson, Martin

Subjects
373.1, Resistance, Place, Secondary School, Student voice, Deprivation, Academies, Power, Ethnography
Abstract

This thesis is an ethnography that took place in an ‘underperforming’ school in the South of England. The school is located on a deprived estate, taking its pupils from an area in the bottom quintile with regard to deprivation indicators, and regularly features at the bottom of local league tables. Recently converted to academy status, the school was in the process of being rebuilt. The school in question is seen as abject by the broader community and features a large number of disruptive and disaffected students. The overarching research questions that this study focuses on are: What kind of person do resistant pupils want to be recognised as and what kind of place do they want school to be? Within this, the thesis examines how students develop an identity of non-participation as well as how they act in order to make their voice heard and affect the nature of the place they are in. In order to investigate these questions the paper draws on the work of Foucault (1979, 1982, 2003) who suggested that in order to understand how power relations work it is necessary to investigate resistance rather than trying to understand power from the perspective of its own rationality. This approach is useful since students in school do not resist specific institutions or groups, but specific instances of power personified by those that they come into immediate contact with on a day to day basis. It also mobilises concepts of space and place developed by Doreen Massey (2005) and Tim Ingold (2008) whereby space is a product of interrelations permanently under construction as opposed to simply a surface and place becomes a product of these intersections within the wider power geometry of space. This is particularly relevant to the context of a failing school, seen as abject by the surrounding community and struggling to maintain any improvement. The concept of voice as defined by Nick Couldry (2010) and the students’ belief that they lack control over their lives in school is also key in terms of understanding the motivations for their resistance. The thesis argues that the fact that the school is gradually being demolished and rebuilt is seen as a threat as well as an opportunity by the participants. Since the school was intimately bound up with their identity, the changes made were an assault on their identity. However, the cracks opened up by the construction work offered them opportunities to carve out places for themselves. The participants suggest that the lip service paid to student voice by the school is a key issue in causing students’ resistant behaviour. The students in the study find that their agency is denied by the school and this, coupled with their desire to be seen as adults with legitimate opinions about their schooling, results in their resistant behaviour.

Published
2016