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1. Selected paper from 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Sources (ICoRES 2019)

Author

Jewiarz, Marcin and Jewiarz, Marcin

Subjects
Research & information: general, Biochemical Methane Potential Correction Coefficient, Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE), CFD, Chinese cabbage, Cup plant, FEFLOW, Giant miscanthus, Miscanthus, Scots pine, Virginia mallow, agriculture, algae, anti-gravity, artificial neural network, biogas, biomass, biomass conversion, briquettes production, bubble pump, calorific value, carbon dioxide, combustion, combustion simulation, compaction, corn, cylindrical LED light coat, decision support system, density, design, die, disc-mill, drying, durability, efficiency, exploitation of energy sources, finite element modeling, greenhouse gases, grinding, ground source heat pump, heating and ventilation systems, industrial-scale efficiency, laboratory-scale efficiency, loss prevention, management, mechanical durability, moisture content, multilayer perceptron, passive heat transport, pellets, perennial biomass, photobioreactor, photosynthetic microorganisms, pollutant emissions, poultry slaughterhouse waste, pressure compaction, reduction of pollutant emissions, refuse-derived fuel, refuse-derived fuel (RDF), renewable energy, rice, sawdust, single-family houses, slow release fertilizers, small-scale thermal energy storage, solar collector, solid density, specific density, spent coffee grounds, stove, thermal imbalance of the ground source, thermal measurements, thermosiphon, tracking lighting, willow
Abstract

Summary: Thank you for reaching for this book. It is a summary of the research presented at the 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Sources (ICORES19), which took place in Krynica, Poland, in June 2019. This event is the most recognizable scientific meeting connected to RES in Poland. From the very beginning, this conference has been a unique occasion for gathering Polish and international researchers' perspectives on renewable energy sources and balancing them against governmental policy considerations. Accordingly, the conference has also offered panels to discuss best practices and solutions with local entrepreneurs and federal government bodies. The meeting attracts not only scientists but also industry representatives, as well as local and federal government personnel. We are open to new and fresh ideas concerning renewable energy, which is why so many scientists from Central and Eastern Europe visit Krynica to discuss the "Green Future" of this region. In 2019, the conference was organized by the University of Agriculture in Krakow, in cooperation with the AGH University of Science and Technology (Krakow), the State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya, the University of Žilina, the International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR) and the Polish Society of Agricultural Engineering. Honorary auspices were made by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland, the rector of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, the rector of the AGH University of Science and Technology and the rector of the State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya.

2. End-Users' Perspectives on Energy Policy and Technology.

Author

Huh, Sung-Yoon and Huh, Sung-Yoon

Subjects
Research & information: general, CO2 emissions, Honduras, Indonesia, LCOE, South Korea, choice experiment, clustering, conceptual framework, cost-benefit analysis, data center, energy consumption, energy demand, energy efficiency, energy security, energy strategy, energy technology, households, improved cook stoves, intervention, machine learning, multinomial logit models, occupant behaviour, persuasion, pro-environmental behavior, pro-environmental behaviour change, public opinion, renewable energy, socio-economic profile, solar PV, stochastic, survey, thermal characteristics analysis, unsupervised learning, willingness to accept, workplace
Abstract

Summary: This Special Issue (SI) deals with different end-users' perspectives on newly developed energy policy and technology. Although the importance of end-users' preferences is not totally new to the energy sector, this issue needs to be urgently and consistently addressed if new policies, projects, and technologies are to be introduced successfully. The eight papers included in this SI are focused on various issues such as modeling the future energy demand, household energy consumption behavior, public perceptions of new energy technologies and projects, and ICT-energy efficiency interrelationship. Some papers also analyze end-users' experiences with recently introduced energy technologies. Based on these eight articles with various topics, this SI will provide fruitful insights in assessing and forecasting the evolution of the future energy sector. I hope this SI can contribute to the increase in communication and cooperation among academic researchers as well as practitioners in energy fields.

3. On the Feasibility of Transitioning CCSU's Energy Supply from Current Source to Sustainable Energy Technologies

Author

Gonzalez, Joyce Elena and Gonzalez, Joyce Elena

Subjects
Renewable energy sources., Renewable Energy, Énergies renouvelables., Renewable energy sources.
Abstract

This paper considered the feasibility of the CCSU campus replacing its extant, largely off-campus, fossil fuel-based energy supply with on-campus generation from renewable energy systems. While external services would have to be employed to bring those installations onto the campus and make them operational, the campus could thereafter utilize its own energy staff to maintain such systems. This change in supply, operation, and maintenance would enhance the University's energy independence. This research directly related to the stability of CCSU's energy supply, both in terms of that supply's availability and its cost. By replacing energy generated from fossil fuels with that produced by renewable sources, the fuel source would be shifted from natural gas (which at the time of this writing was a primary fuel source for the campus and which is subject to price fluctuations) to a technology such as solar panels or wind turbines (which are fueled by sunlight and wind, respectively, and which therefore would not be affected by the same energy price fluctuations). Thus, while upfront costs related to purchase and installation may be incurred, long-term operating expenses for power from renewable sources would likely be lower and more consistent than those related to the energy system currently in place. The thesis also recognized the contributions of the campus to the continual (and growing) emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere, and the proposed modification of the University's energy supply therefore also took into account the accompanying alteration in GHG emissions from energy use. Given the effects of climate change (both current and anticipated) and the role of anthropogenic emissions in its advent and exacerbation, efforts to reduce these emissions at all scales are advisable, including at the University scale. To determine the amount of energy that would need to be supplied by renewable sources, data on past rates of energy consumption for the campus (for electricity as well as heating/cooling services) were reviewed. Publicly available data on conditions in the state of Connecticut were used to assess the availability of renewable energy resources at CCSU (e.g. average annual wind speeds, satellite maps). As initial research suggested the greatest potential energy generation from renewable sources came from solar energy, the University's capacity to host solar photovoltaic (PV) installations was the focus of this paper.

Published
2018

4. An exploration of renewable energy policies with an econometric approach

Author

Kilinc Ata, Nurcan, De Vries, Frans, Kittler, Markus, and Lange, Ian

Subjects
333.79, Renewable Energy, Renewable Energy Policies, Renewable Energy Investment, Econometric Analysis, Energy policy, Energy and state, Economics Statistical methods, Econometrics, Renewable energy sources
Abstract

This thesis focuses on the renewable energy policies for the case study countries (European Union, United States, United Kingdom, Turkey, and Nigeria) with using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The thesis adopts a three -pronged approach to address three main issues: The first paper investigates a 1990-2008 panel dataset to conduct an econometric analysis of policy instruments, such as; feed-in tariffs, quotas, tenders, and tax incentives, in promoting renewable energy deployment in 27 EU countries and 50 US states. The results suggest that renewable energy policy instruments play a significant role in encouraging renewable energy sources. Using data from 1990 to 2012 with the vector auto regression (VAR) approach for three case study countries, namely United Kingdom, Turkey, and Nigeria, the second paper focuses on how renewable energy consumption as part of total electricity consumption is affected by economic growth and electricity prices. The findings from the VAR model illustrate that the relationship between case study countries’ economic growth and renewable energy consumption is positive and economic growth in case study countries respond positively and significantly. The third paper focuses on the relationship between renewable energy policies and investment in renewables in the countries of United Kingdom and Turkey. The third paper builds upon current knowledge of renewable energy investment and develops a new conceptual framework to guide analyses of policies to support renewables. Past and current trends in the field of renewable energy investment are investigated by reviewing the literature on renewable energy investment linkage with policies, which identifies patterns and similarities in RE investment. This also includes the interview analysis with investors focusing on policies for renewable energy investment. The results from the interview and conceptual analysis show that renewable policies play a crucial role in determining investment in renewable energy sources. The findings from this thesis demonstrate that renewable energy policies increase with a growth of the renewable energy investment in the sector. Finally, the outcomes of this thesis also contribute to the energy economics literature, especially for academic and subsequent research purposes.

Published
2015

5. Biomass for Sustainability. Resource, Technology Conversion and Energy Management.

Author

López-Ochoa, Luis M., López-Ochoa, Luis M., and Paredes-Sánchez, José P.

Subjects
History of engineering & technology, Technology: general issues, Kissinger method, SciMAT, Shuffled Complex Evolution, anaerobic digestion, analysis of science mapping, bibliometric analysis, biogas, biomass, biomass combustion, biomass cooking stoves, circular economy, clean technology, decentralized biowaste management, domestic heating, energetic densification, energy conversion, energy management, energy transition, green tide, life cycle assessment, local circularity, municipal solid waste, olive waste, optimisation, organic fraction, parameter optimization, particle emission, pretreatment, pyrolysis kinetics, renewable energy, resource recovery, sustainability, sustainable cities, systematic literature review, technology, thermal system, torrefaction, waste treatment, water hyacinth, zero discharge
Abstract

Summary: The decarbonization of all sectors is essential in addressing the global challenge of climate change. Bioenergy can contribute to replacing our current dependence on fossil fuels and offers significant possibilities in many conventional and advanced applications, from power to heating and cooling installations. Energy systems in the building and industrial sectors can convert biomass to other usable forms of energy and improve energy performance. Moreover, bioenergy sustainability means energy can be managed for an extended period of time. Further research is needed to develop better green energy production methods and new procedures to evaluate and valorize biomass in a circular economy context. Some of the most critical bottlenecks to increase the use of bioenergy are energy conversion and management from resource to final energy. The countries where this source is strengthened can achieve security of energy supply and energy independence. In addition, biomass boilers and biomass district heating systems are interesting options to achieve nearly zero-energy buildings, contributing the needed biomass harvesting to rural development and to improve resource planning and distribution. The aim of this book is to present a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research papers addressing recent progress in biomass-based systems and innovative applications.

6. Sustainability Analysis and Environmental Decision-Making Using Simulation, Optimization, and Computational Analytics.

Author

Yeomans, Julian Scott, Kozlova, Mariia, and Yeomans, Julian Scott

Subjects
Mathematics & science, Research & information: general, C-vine copula, CO2 emissions, DEA, Germany, Iowa food-energy-water nexus, LASSO, Monte Carlo simulation, South Texas, biofuel policy, biomass gasification, boron, business aviation, classification, computer modeling, computer simulation, desalination, dynamic programming, eco-efficiency, ecological indicators, ecological relationship, electric motor, electricity production, energy modeling, energy system design, environmental footprint, factorial analysis, feature selection, feed-in tariff, financial market, forecasting, fuzzy, generation profile, input-output analysis, interval, investing, investment profitability analysis, joint dependencies, machine learning, model reduction, modelling, n/a, nitrogen export, nonpoint source pollution, operational flexibility, optimal allocation, optimal path, parameter estimation, point source pollution, pollutant loadings, quantile regression, reduction, regression, renewable energy, renewable energy support, reverse osmosis, seawater, simulation, simulation decomposition, sourcing, specific power, streamflow forecasting, sustainability, system modeling, the pay-off method, turboprop, unlisted companies, urban solid waste system, water quality, water resource management, water resources, watershed management, weather modeling
Abstract

Summary: Effective environmental decision-making is often challenging and complex, where final solutions frequently possess inherently subjective political and socio-economic components. Consequently, complex sustainability applications in the "real world" frequently employ computational decision-making approaches to construct solutions to problems containing numerous quantitative dimensions and considerable sources of uncertainty. This volume includes a number of such applied computational analytics papers that either create new decision-making methods or provide innovative implementations of existing methods for addressing a wide spectrum of sustainability applications, broadly defined. The disparate contributions all emphasize novel approaches of computational analytics as applied to environmental decision-making and sustainability analysis - be this on the side of optimization, simulation, modelling, computational solution procedures, visual analytics, and/or information technologies.

7. Sustainable Integrated Clean Environment for Human & Nature.

Author

Hashemi, Shervin and Hashemi, Shervin

Subjects
Technology: general issues, Basic Brown 16, COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, Failaka Island, HOMER, MCR model, Metanil Yellow, PM2.5, SARS-CoV-2, SDG6, SEM, UV irradiation, WASH, academic policy, adsorption, air pollution, air quality, artificial intelligence and higher education, automotive industry, biomass burning, bioremediation, blue infrastructure, capital return rate deficiency, capitalization, carbon rent, carbon storage, cattle farming, census results, cleaner production, climate indicators, community development plans, coronavirus, coronavirus disease, corporate social responsibility, cultural corridors, disinfection, durian shell, dye decolorization, ecological corridors, economic point of view, ecosystem services, educational sustainability, educational system, environment, environmental analytical hierarchical process (EAHP), environmental impact, estate fertility, expected value, exposure assessment, food safety, gender and age, governance, hybrid system, hygiene, immobilization, inactivation, industry 4.0, integrated network, life-cycle analysis, lockdown, long-range transport of PM2.5, mechanism, medical masks, metanil yellow, mixed culture, mobility, n/a, pandemic, prognosis, protection prioritization, renewable energy, resource-oriented sanitation, response surface methodology, sanitation, sanitation sustainability index, secondhand smoke, small island developing states, smallholder, smart manufacturing, smoke-free, social distancing, source of PM2.5, spatial planning, sterility assurance level, subsidy, suitability model-GIS, sustainability, sustainability assessment, sustainable development, sustainable development goals, sustainable development strategies, sustainable environment, sustainable investment, sustainable reporting, sustainable sanitation, sustainable standards, sustainable technologies, techno-economic analysis, thin-film coating, time activity, top-down versus bottom-up, university education, urban geomorphology, urban planning, water supply, wind energy
Abstract

Summary: In this book, the articles published in the special issue of the journal Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050), entitled "Sustainable Integrated Clean Environment for Human & Nature" are re-printed. The objective of this book is to answer the following questions regarding technical, economic, and social approaches:1. What is the current state of the environment? Is it clean?2. How can we make our environment clean and suitable for humans as well as nature?3. How can we keep our environment clean through sustainable practices? The re-printed research articles and review papers aim to cover the subjects mentioned below: 1. COVID-19 and the sustainability of a clean environment for humans and nature: visions, challenges, and solutions2. Clean technologies and nature-based approaches, including environmental remediation and resource circulation3. Global sanitation, hygiene, and public health issues4. Economic approaches, including the development of economic models, life cycle assessment, and the circular economy5. Social awareness and effective education on human rights for procuring clean air and water Through including the latest studies in the above-mentioned fields, this book addresses the technicians, economists, social activists, and decision-makers who are concerned about clean environment concepts for sustainable development of the current and next-generation through respectful interactions between humans and nature.

8. Renewable Energies for Sustainable Development.

Author

Esteban, María Dolores, Esteban, María Dolores, López-Gutiérrez, José-Santos, and Negro Valdecantos, Vicente

Subjects
Technology: general issues, BPSO, Basel, CO2 emissions, Dijkstra Algorithm, GA, Greece, HEM, Hybrid energy system, Jiangxi province, LMDI, Load scheduling, Monte Carlo Simulation, NEDC, NEV credit regulation, PHEV, PV sizing, RE in Bangladesh, RE prospects and challenges, RE regulations and policy, Tapio decoupling, WLTP, artificial neural network, battery storage, biomass, carrying capacity distribution, compact pigeon-inspired optimization, converters, cost analysis, design and performance, distributed generators, distribution system, economic growth, emergetic ternary diagrams, emergy, energy consumption, energy systems assessment, energy-growth nexus, environmental loading, fault, feasibility analysis, floating buoy, frequency control, geographic information systems, geothermal energy, grid integrated solar PV systems, grid reliability and voltage source converter, heaving point absorber, hierarchical control, hosting capacity, hydroelectric power station, induced seismicity, influence factors, integrated system, inverters, isolated systems, less developed regions, maximum power point tracking, maximum short-term generation, non-negative spring stiffness, off-grid electrification, offshore structure, offshore wind farms, optimization, optimization strategies, photovoltaic, photovoltaic carrying capacity, photovoltaic generation, photovoltaic power plants, photovoltaic spatial planning, photovoltaics (PV), planning adjustment, poroelasticity, portfolio analysis, power plant efficiency, power system stability, principal component analysis, pumped storage, reliability evaluation, renewable electricity, renewable energy, renewable energy resources, renewable manufacturing, renewable-growth hypothesis, residential energy-related CO2 emissions, simple payback period, site selection process, solar updraft tower, spatial and temporal variation, strategic planning, subsidy policy, sustainability, sustainable power generation, swarm intelligence, urban and rural regions, utility grid, variable renewable energy sources, wave energy converter, wave energy converters, wave overtopping rate, wind farm, wind power, wind power plants
Abstract

Summary: In the current scenario in which climate change dominates our lives and in which we all need to combat and drastically reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, renewable energies play key roles as present and future energy sources. Renewable energies vary across a wide range, and therefore, there are related studies for each type of energy. This Special Issue is composed of studies integrating the latest research innovations and knowledge focused on all types of renewable energy: onshore and offshore wind, photovoltaic, solar, biomass, geothermal, waves, tides, hydro, etc. Authors were invited submit review and research papers focused on energy resource estimation, all types of TRL converters, civil infrastructure, electrical connection, environmental studies, licensing and development of facilities, construction, operation and maintenance, mechanical and structural analysis, new materials for these facilities, etc. Analyses of a combination of several renewable energies as well as storage systems to progress the development of these sustainable energies were welcomed.

9. Renewable Energy Resource Assessment and Forecasting.

Author

Galanis, George and Galanis, George

Subjects
Research & information: general, ANFIS, Granger causality, Kalman filtering, Kalman-Bayesian filter, Markov chains, WRF, anthropogenic waste processing, biofuel, biomass, biotechnology, central solar receiver, clearness coefficient, climate policy, complex terrain, concentrated solar, concentrating solar power, cross border trading, deep learning, deformable models, developing countries, different horizontal resolution, direct normal irradiance, economic efficiency, electric energy demand, electricity trading, energy, energy resource assessment, forecast, forecast errors, forecasting, functional statistics, global horizontal irradiance (GHI), heat supply of industrial processes, high-resolution, momentum sink, nowcasting, numerical weather prediction model, open channel flows, operational strategies, particle swarm optimization, photovoltaic solar energy, prediction, ramp rates, renewable energy, renewable energy forecasting, renewable energy sources, risk analysis, shape-invariant model, shark algorithm, shock-capturing capability, short-term forecasts, solar collectors, solar irradiance forecasts, solar irradiation, solar radiation, solar resource, spot prices, sustainable development, system advisor model, the European Green Deal, thermochemical, thrust force coefficient, tidal-stream energy, unbounded flow, validation, weather research and forecasting model, wind
Abstract

Summary: In recent years, several projects and studies have been launched towards the development and use of new methodologies, in order to assess, monitor, and support clean forms of energy. Accurate estimation of the available energy potential is of primary importance, but is not always easy to achieve. The present Special Issue on 'Renewable Energy Resource Assessment and Forecasting' aims to provide a holistic approach to the above issues, by presenting multidisciplinary methodologies and tools that are able to support research projects and meet today's technical, socio-economic, and decision-making needs. In particular, research papers, reviews, and case studies on the following subjects are presented: wind, wave and solar energy; biofuels; resource assessment of combined renewable energy forms; numerical models for renewable energy forecasting; integrated forecasted systems; energy for buildings; sustainable development; resource analysis tools and statistical models; extreme value analysis and forecasting for renewable energy resources.

10. Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth.

Author

Fuinhas, José Alberto, Fuinhas, José Alberto, Koengkan, Matheus, and de Barros Santiago, Renato Filipe

Subjects
Business strategy, Africa, CCO2 emissions, CO2 emissions, China, Chinese economic growth, DEA, European Union, Lisbon, MINT nations, Portugal, Stochastic Frontier, autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL), battery electric vehicles, bilateral trade, carbon dioxide emissions, carbon emissions, club convergence, competitiveness index, corruption, cultural industry, diffusion of innovation, disintegrated trade, domestic investment, eco-efficiency, ecological footprint, econometrics, economic complexity, economic growth, education, empirical, energy consumption, energy consumption structure, energy economics, energy efficiency, energy policy, energy poverty, energy regulation, environmental pollution, environmental quality, export quality, financial deepening, financial development, foreign direct investment, forest products business, fsQCA, greenhouse gas emissions, human capital, income level, industrial structure, industry leaders, institutional quality, investment, method of moments quantile regression, n/a, natural resources, panel ARDL model, panel quantile regression, panel regression models, philanthropy, policies, qualitative interviews, renewable energy, residential heating technology, sustainability, sustainable energy supply, wood economy, wood pellets
Abstract

Summary: This reprint explores the complex relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth. The reprint contains 14 papers covering a wide range of topics related to energy use efficiency in various countries and economic sectors. The articles include studies on adopting renewable energy sources, the impact of battery electric vehicles on greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union, the influence of philanthropy on eco-efficiency, and the impact of energy efficiency regulations on energy poverty. This reprint also includes studies on the race to zero emissions in MINT economies, the competitiveness of the cultural industry and its impact on Chinese economic growth, and the impact of education levels on the energy-growth-environment nexus. This reprint serves as a call to action for all stakeholders to contribute to the global energy transition by identifying and analyzing the effects of renewable energy consumption on economic growth. It inspires policymakers, researchers, and practitioners to embrace sustainable energy practices and support the development of measures that foster green growth. Therefore, this reprint provides important insights into energy use efficiency theories, methods, and diverse applications, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in the future of energy and its impact on the global economy.

11. Optimal Control of Hybrid Systems and Renewable Energies.

Author

Robba, Michela, Robba, Michela, and Rossi, Mansueto

Subjects
History of engineering & technology, BESS, DIgSILENT PowerFactory, EMT simulations, Fresnel collector, Grid Forming, Grid Support, Inverter Control, SCADA, aerodynamic platform stabiliser, aggregator, artificial neural network, building energy management system, co-simulation, control, control algorithm, diesel-generator set, dynamic modeling, dynamic simulation, eco-friendliness, energy management system, energy storage, energy storage technologies, equivalent consumption minimization strategy, equivalent electric circuit, feedback loop, firefly algorithm, floating offshore wind turbine, fuel cell, fuel economy, fuzzy algorithm, hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), hybrid light rail vehicle, hybrid systems, inertia, intelligent control system, interconnected buildings, internal combustion engine, microgrid, microgrids, model predictive control, multi-level, multi-objective optimization, operator training, optimisation, optimization, photovoltaic (PV) systems, power control, power system, primary control, pumped storage hydro, regenerative braking energy, renewable energy, renewable resources, shipboard microgrids, simulation, smart electrical infrastructure, smart grid, smart railway, solar energy, ternary pumped storage hydro, wave rejection, wind-diesel power plant
Abstract

Summary: This book is a collection of papers covering various aspects of the optimal control of power and energy production from renewable resources (wind, PV, biomass, hydrogen, etc.). In particular, attention is focused both on the optimal control of new technologies and on their integration in buildings, microgrids, and energy markets. The examples presented in this book are among the most promising technologies for satisfying an increasing share of thermal and electrical demands with renewable sources: from solar cooling plants to offshore wind generation; hybrid plants, combining traditional and renewable sources, are also considered, as well as traditional and innovative storage systems. Innovative solutions for transportation systems are also explored for both railway infrastructures and advanced light rail vehicles. The optimization and control of new solutions for the power network are addressed in detail: specifically, special attention is paid to microgrids as new paradigms for distribution networks, but also in other applications (e.g., shipboards). Finally, optimization and simulation models within SCADA and energy management systems are considered. This book is intended for engineers, researchers, and practitioners that work in the field of energy, smart grid, renewable resources, and their optimization and control.

12. New Trends in Enhanced, Hybrid and Integrated Geothermal Systems.

Author

Nathwani, Jatin, Dehghanisanij, Alireza, and Nathwani, Jatin

Subjects
Technology: general issues, 3D simulation, Alberta, Pannonian basin, Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, abandoned hydrocarbon well, ammonia-water solution, balancing well, balneology, bioclimatic architecture, bleeding rate, bottomhole temperatures, chemical coupling, climate change, coefficient of performance (COP), conventional geothermal, direct heat use, disequilibrium, dynamic simulation, effective thermal conductivity, energy efficiency, enhanced geothermal system, external fin, finned U-tube, flexible demand production, flow direction, geothermal, geothermal cascade use, geothermal energy, granite fracture, ground heat exchanger, heat transfer, internal fin, mature oilfield, modular building, n/a, off-design analysis, optimization, passive design strategies, renewable energy, standing column well (SCW), sustainability, thermal conductivity, thermal response test, thermomechanical effects, tri-generation, well-doublet system, wellbore heat exchanger, wellness and spa facilities
Abstract

Summary: Geothermal energy is a renewable, sustainable, and ecologically friendly resource of energy that can be captured with shallow or deep installations, or a combination of both-alone or integrated with other technologies. It can then be employed for a variety of purposes, for example, electricity generation, space heating and cooling, agriculture, and aquaculture. Given the nature/features of this green energy resource-such as being a local, climate-independent, potentially constant, robust, generally available, resilient, almost greenhouse gas-free, and long-lived energy source-geothermal solutions can and should make a more prominent contribution to the future global energy supply mix, in addition to helping lessen humanity's environmental footprint and enabling it to attain its sustainable development goals. This Special Issue, "New Trends in Enhanced, Hybrid and Integrated Geothermal Systems", addresses existing knowledge gaps and aids advance deployment of geothermal energy globally. It consists of eight peer-reviewed papers that cover a range of subjects and applications related to geothermal energy.

13. Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources in Power Systems.

Author

Román, Tomás Gómez San, Ávila, José Pablo Chaves, and Román, Tomás Gómez San

Subjects
History of engineering & technology, Micro-grids, V2B, V2G, V2H, adaptability planning, attack detection, congestion management, continuity of supply, controlled charging, cyber-physical systems, decentralized control, delayed charging, demand response, demand side management, distributed energy resources (DERs), distributed generation curtailment, dynamic pricing, ecological infrastructures, electric vehicles, emergency control, grid impact, high penetration, integrated assessment for public space, inverter regulation, load flow analysis, load forecasting, low-voltage distribution network, machine learning, microgrid, microgrids, optimisation methods, peak shaving, photovoltaics, power distribution, power quality, power system operation, power system planning, power system security, power systems, power systems stability, recloser, reinforcement learning, renewable electricity distribution for public space, renewable energy, renewable energy integration, renewable energy sources, small hydropower plants, source-grid coordination, sustainability assessment model, synchronous coupler, tripartite altruism, uncontrolled charging, urban renewable energy, valley filling
Abstract

Summary: The electric power sector is poised for transformative changes. Improvements in the cost and performance of a range of distributed energy generation (DG) technologies and the potential for breakthroughs in distributed energy storage (DS) are creating new options for onsite power generation and storage, driving increasing adoption and impacting utility distribution system operations. In addition, changing uses and use patterns for electricity-from plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) to demand response (DR)-are altering demands placed on the electric power system. Finally, the infusion of new information and communications technology (ICT) into the electric system and its markets is enabling the collection of immense volumes of data on power sector operations and use; unprecedented control of generation, networks, and loads; and new opportunities for the delivery of energy services. In this Special Issue of Energies, research papers on topics related to the integration of distributed energy resources (DG, DS, EV, and DR) are included. From technologies to software tools to system-wide evaluations, the impacts of all aforementioned distributed resources on both operation and planning are examined.

14. Energy Policy, Regulation and Sustainable Development.

Author

Mentel, Grzegorz, Majewski, Sebastian, and Mentel, Grzegorz

Subjects
Biology, life sciences, Research & information: general, Technology, engineering, agriculture, CO2 emission, CO2 emissions, European Union, FDI, Granger causality, NZEB, Sub-Saharan Africa, TOPSIS method, VECM, barriers, bibliometric analysis, blue indicators, carbon emission, carbon emission efficiency, carbon neutrality, causality, disclosures of financial information, emotions, energy, energy market, energy sector, energy strategy, energy transformation, exchange rate, fuel, goodwill, government regulations, green energy, green indicators, green taxes, green technology innovation, greenhouse gas emissions, heterogeneity analysis, housing professionals, human capital, impairment of goodwill, indicators of reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, industrial enterprise, industry, inflation, innovation, micro-installations, mining, mood, nearly zero-energy housing, non-euro area, nonlinear ARDL, oil prices, panel data, perceptions, pollution charges, prosumers, quality of financial statements, ranking, regression discontinuity design, renewable energy, renewable energy sources, renewable energy transition, stock market, subsidy programmes, sustainability transition, sustainable development, sustainable energy development, taxonomical analysis, technological innovation, trends, weather
Abstract

Summary: This reprint is mainly aimed at economists involved in the energy market. Energy market processes have an enormous impact on people's day-to-day economic activities. The economics of sustainability leads the way in theorizing how best to prevent environmental degradation whilst also fostering positive economic development. For these reasons, the focus of this reprint is mainly on pollution and the energy transition. Works on energy resources and future-oriented solutions that reduce the consumption of classical energy resources are explored in the reprint. Papers relating to contemporary accounting and the stock market are also presented. The geographical area of the works showcased here essentially covers the entire eastern hemisphere of the globe (Asia, Africa and Europe). They are mainly empirical studies, although in one case a bibliometric analysis is included.

15. Energy Transition and Environmental Sustainability.

Author

Pearce, Prafula, Hunter, Tina Soliman, and Pearce, Prafula

Subjects
Physics, Research & information: general, CO2 reduction, Canada, South Korean energy policy, TRNSYS, accidental water, air conditioning, anaerobic digestion, biofuels, biogas plant, climate change, climate change litigation risks, digital oil field, direct and indirect emissions, directors duties, dynamic inventory control, electric vehicles, electricity sector, electricity storage management, electrification, electromobility, energy companies, energy distribution management, energy generation technology management, energy governance, energy justice, energy policy, energy transition, environmental sustainability, fs-QCA, green gases, heating ventilation &amp, initial charge, linear programming, local energy transition, low carbon, low-carbon energy, n/a, net zero carbon emissions, oil exploration and production, oil upstream, optimum collector tilt angle, organic waste, parametric study, policy and governance, power demand and supply forecast, precipitation, pretreatment, public transport, qualitative analysis, renewable energy, residential buildings, scenario quantification, sewer system, solar PV, solar cooling, solar thermal driven absorption chiller, sustainable development goals, sustainable energy, technology innovation, temperate climate, tropical, vehicle fleet change, vehicle traction transition, waste management, wastewater treatment costs, zero-energy
Abstract

Summary: Energy transitions and environmental sustainability does not occur overnight as it may take years of policy debates both from within domestic jurisdictions and from international organisations. It often requires energy saving technology innovations to drive appropriate investment decisions that can then allow energy transition to occur. There is no one global solution. Countries progress in their energy transition goals by taking small steps as demonstrated in this special issue, "Energy Transition and Environmental Sustainability". This Special Issue provides thirteen interesting papers showing examples of projects undertaken or challenges encountered in various countries, such as: Legal reforms for energy transition in Taiwan and Japan; Transition towards solar PV in South Korea; Transition to electricity driven buses in Central Europe; Vehicle transition and the development of electric car production in the United States, the European Union and Japan; Cooling solutions for buildings in Pakistan; Projects in Ecuador to replace fossil fuel use with Hydropower; The Role of Electrification in the Decarbonization of Central-Western Europe; Energy technology innovation through the application of new technologies in oil resource development; Wastewater treatment challenges in Poland; Increased climate change litigation facing Australian Energy Companies; Renewable energy solution to a Childcare facility in Tokyo; and Canadian policies to support renewable gas production from organic waste. This Special Issue provides global perspectives and uncertainties on energy transition and will appeal to all levels of readers.

16. Energy Economics and Policy in Developed Countries.

Author

Heshmati, Almas and Heshmati, Almas

Subjects
Research & information: general, ARDL, Angola, Chinese provinces, Dutch disease, EU policy, European Union, Export-led growth, FTR auction, FTR path evaluation, Korea, PV energy cost, PV energy savings, Tobit model, act on low-carbon green growth, announcements, bad output, carbon emission efficiency, city management, clean buses, community-based trust funds, currency appreciation, data envelopment analysis, determinants of inefficiency, economic growth, economic growth goal, electric buses, electric market, electrical subsystems, employment, energy economics, energy efficiency, energy performance certificates, environmental degradation goal, environmental policy integration, environmental regulation, environmental regulations, event study, expectations, export, financial sector, financial transmission rights (FTR), four components stochastic frontier model, green credit guarantee scheme, green energy, green finance, green investment, grey prediction model, house prices, influencing factors, item response theory (IRT), labor productivity, manufacturing, mean group analysis, natural gas, oil prices, panel data analysis, policy analysis, power generation, psychometrics, real exchange rate, regional differences, renewable energy, simulation model, stock prices, strategy, sustainable development, the Modified undesirable EBM DEA model, time series, time-variant efficiency, true fixed-effects model, undesirable output model, utilization efficiency, water-energy-land nexus, weighted scoring method, zero emission policy, zero-emission buses (ZEB)
Abstract

Summary: This collected volume consists of high-quality research covering a wide range of topics related to energy economics and politics in developed countries. The papers are informative on how to encourage sustainable development and facilitate financing technology development, transfer, and applications to mitigate climate change. Air pollution, environmental regulations, green energy, energy certificates, transmission rights, and power generation are among the energy-related topic analyzed by the contributions included in this Special Issue.

17. Micropower generation using buckling piezoelectric elements

Author

Counsell, Nathan Alan

Subjects
Energy Harvesting, Piezoelectric, Renewable Energy, Buckling Piezoelectrics, Monostable, Piezoelectric Ceramics, Optimised Buckling Structures
Abstract

In recent years, piezoelectric materials and structures have gained significant attention for energy harvesting purposes. This attention can be attributed to the enhancement of low-power electronics and the high energy density of piezoelectric materials compared to other forms of energy conversion and transduction. This work explores the recent contributions to the field of piezoelectric energy harvesting, contributing two novel methods that can be implemented to improve the power output and efficiency of a single piezoelectric element. The methods that have been investigated in this thesis are based on the buckling of piezoelectric material. The initial method examines a diaphragm preformed piezoelectric element, where numerical and simulation model has been carried out. This work has then been validated through experimentation, where empirical data has been collected verifying the COMSOL model and future optimising the manufacturing process of the diaphragm. This work contributes to a peer-reviewed paper "Powering lights with Piezoelectric energy-harvesting floors" published in the journal Energy Technology. This work shows that employed a diaphragm structure can increase both efficiency and power output with an increase of efficiency from 0.522% to 3.765%. The observed power output increase from 191.686µJ to 644.16µJ. The second method investigates a preloaded piezoelectric curved structure with elastic walls. The use of nonlinear materials is critical to the development of a buckling structure, allowing energy to be stored upon actuation while reducing input stresses. The result of this is a reduced buckling force, with an increased energy output and efficiency for the whole system. The findings of this work demonstrate that efficiency can be increase from 0.522% to 16.813% while achieving a greater power output from 191.686µJ to 208.577µJ. Furthermore, this work identifies that a monostable structure as opposed to a bi or multi-stable structure can significantly produce higher power outputs than conventional methods, whilst achieving long life within a small compact area. A COMSOL simulation of the mechanical behaviour coupled with the constitutive equations has been developed to enable future optimises to structure and design and validated using the empirical data. In additional, two equations have been developed using empirical data to aid in selection of buckling force and power output for an energy harvester. This is to enable developers of low-power electronics to select the optimised system for their application reducing the need for primary batteries within electrical devices.

Published
2021
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18. Syntheses and structures of alternative halometallate photovoltaic absorber materials

Author

Dennington, Adam and Johnson, Andrew

Subjects
540, Halometallate, Photovoltaic, Structure-property relationships, Hybrid materials, Renewable Energy, Inorganic-organic
Abstract

The results described in this thesis concern the design, synthesis and characterisation of new candidate absorber layer sensitizer materials for photovoltaic cells; in particular exploring novel halometallate hybrid structures. Through this work, the field of iodoantimonate and iodobismuthate hybrid materials has been expanded with the discovery and analysis of many novel structures. Alternative, lead-free, antimony and bismuth metal containing hybrid structures are key and of much interest in the rapidly developing area of perovskite-based solar cell architectures. The work undertaken has added to building the database and thus further developing the understanding of hybrid absorber materials with the overarching aim of progressing towards real world thin-film and tandem solar cell designs to challenge and expand upon the industry dominant silicon-based solar cell architectures of today. An introduction to the field and the context of the research is given in chapter 1, and the relevant experimental techniques are discussed in chapter 2. The remaining chapters of the thesis present the findings of the project as detailed below. The particular focus of the work carried out covers the discovery and study of the structure and properties of over ten novel iodoantimonate and twenty novel iodobismuthate hybrid materials. The results of the investigations carried out are presented in an alternative thesis format with two full published papers integrated within the narrative in chapter 3. Additionally, as detailed in chapter 4 an in-situ alkylation solvothermal synthetic technique used in the formation of more complex templating agents was found and used to great effect throughout the synthesis and study of iodoantimonate and iodobismuthate novel halometallate hybrid materials. Moreover, a promising opening for a new avenue of perovskite structure potential was uncovered; triggered by the discovery and preliminary analysis of an unfamiliar novel three-dimensional superoctahedra-octahedra linked halometallate motif described in chapter 5. Outside of this, work was undertaken on other alternative candidate material areas such as bismuth-based coordination complexes, bismuth sulphide iodide, double perovskites and related structures; contained within chapter 6. To finish, the overall results and thesis conclusions are discussed in chapter 7.

Published
2019

19. Anaerobic co-digestion of food and algal waste resources

Author

Cogan, Miriam Lucy, Chatzisymeon, Efthalia, and Papanicolopulos, Stefanos

Subjects
anaerobic digestion, food waste, renewable energy, methane, seaweed, biomethane potential, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Abstract

Anaerobic digestion is a key energy and resource recovery technology. This work investigated potential organic waste resources to co-digest with household food waste (HFW) to stabilise the process and future-proof feedstock availability. This included novel feedstock macroalgae (seaweed) waste (SW). Hydrothermal (autoclave) pretreatment was also investigated to optimise energy recovery from HFW and SW. Preliminary experiments investigated the behaviour of HFW co-digested with either a green waste (GW) or paper waste (PW), using a batch-test laboratory scale and systematic approach with a revised waste mixture preparation method. Following preliminary trials, the co-digestion of HFW/SW was investigated using an air-dried SW mixture. Batch experiments to determine the biomethane potential (BMP) at different ratios of HFW to SW were set up. Co-digesting HFW and SW at ratio 90:10 (d.w.) achieved a BMP similar to HFW alone (252±13 and 251±1 cm3 g-1 VS, respectively), and a peak methane yield for HFW:SW (90:10) at day 12 of 69±3% compared to a peak methane yield for HFW at day 19 of 70±3%. Addition of SW optimised the C/N ratio, increased concentrations of essential micronutrients and produced an overall increase in reaction kinetics. Concentrations of SW ≥25%, associated with high sulphur levels, reduced final methane productivity. Analysis of the macroalgae strains L. digitata, U. lactuca and F. serratus from the SW mixture was carried out to compare mono-digestion and co-digestion with HFW at a 90:10 ratio and the effect of autoclave pretreatment at 136°C. Co-digestion had a positive impact on methane yields for U. lactuca and F. serratus, whilst autoclave pretreatment had no significant impact on the SW strains When results were modelled for a 320 m3 anaerobic digester treating 8m3 feed per day the theoretical energy balance showed that optimal energy production from pretreated HFW at 8.09 GJ/day respectively could be achieved. To verify the suitability of using macroalgae, known to readily uptake polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), toxicity tests were used to determine the impact of phenanthrene sorbed by U. lactuca on the AD process. Despite U. lactuca’s ability to biosorb phenanthrene in under 2 hours, no impact on the AD process was observed. Overall, results of this study demonstrated that co-digestion of HFW and SW, at batch laboratory scale, provide a viable and sustainable waste revalorisation solution. In addition, low temperature autoclave pretreatment increased methane production (p=0.002) from the AD of HFW.

Published
2018

20. Optimization and reaction kinetics of the production of biodiesel from castor oil via sodium methoxide-catalyzed methanolysis

Author

Crymble, Scott David and Crymble, Scott David

Subjects
Biodiesel fuels., Vegetable oils as fuel., Renewable energy sources., Castor oil., Renewable Energy, Castor Oil, Biodiesel., Huiles végétales (Combustible), Énergies renouvelables., Huile de ricin., castor oil., Biodiesel fuels., Castor oil., Renewable energy sources., Vegetable oils as fuel.
Abstract

This paper studies castor oil's potential as a biodiesel feedstock. Base-catalyzed transesterification batch reactions were conducted at various experimental conditions while measuring the concentration of the reaction components over time. A gas chromatograph with a flame-ionization detector analyzed these samples. A factorial design of experiments was used to determine how conversion was affected by reaction temperature, sodium methoxide concentration, and ratio of methanol to oil. Conversion was maximized (0.9964) at 30 °C, 0.5% catalyst, and 9:1 molar ratio. The concentration data were used to study the reaction kinetics. Modeling the reaction as three equilibria yielded six rate constants. These values indicate that castor oil transesterifies faster than soybean oil. The fuel properties were determined by ASTM D 6751. Viscosity was excessively high, but specifications were met for the remaining tests. Despite the promising yield and kinetics of the reaction, the fuel viscosity limits castor oil's viability as a biodiesel feedstock.

Published
2010