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Bashir Ahmad,1,2 Yaser Gamallat,3 Muhammad Fiaz Khan,4 Syed Riaz Din,2 Muhammad Israr,1,5 Manzoor Ahmad,6 Naeem Tahir,2 Nasir Azam,2 Khalil Ur Rahman,2 Wang Xin,7 Wang Zexu,7 Peng Linjie,7 Pengyu Su,2 Wang Liang8 1Department of Biology, University of Haripur, KPK, I. R. Pakistan; 2College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People’s Republic of China; 3Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Zoology Department, Hazara University, Mansehra, I. R. Pakistan; 5Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Chemistry, Malakand University, Chakdara, KPK, I. R. Pakistan; 7Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People’s Republic of China; 8Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116011, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wang Liang; Bashir Ahmad Email wangliang@dmu.edu.cn; bashir18840@gmail.comAbstract: Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, have limited success because of secondary resistance. Therefore, safe, non-resistant, less toxic, and convenient drugs are urgently required. Natural products (NPs), primarily sourced from medicinal plants, are ideal for cancer treatment because of their low toxicity and high success. NPs cure cancer by regulating different pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, ER stress, JNK, Wnt, STAT3, MAPKs, NF-kB, MEK-ERK, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, mitophagy, and necroptosis. Among the NPs, steroid saponins, including polyphyllins (I, II, D, VI, and VII), hav

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is a commonly performed surgery usually managed by open surgical mesh repair. Nowadays many patients are demanding laparoscopic hernia repair. Laparoscopic hernioplasty has a shorter rehabilitation, but it is a technically difficult procedure. It is unclear if it has advantages over open tension-free mesh repair. Methodology: This prospective study of 80 patients is done at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Hospital, A.M.U., Aligarh from January 2012 to November, 2014. 50 patients underwent Lichtenstein tension free mesh repair while on 30 patients TAPP was performed. Results: Out of 80 patients 7 patients were lost to follow up at 2 weeks. 47 patients in Lichtenstein group and 26 patients in TAPP group were followed for 6 months. Average operation time was 39.3±16.4 minutes for the Lichtenstein group and 51.4±15.8 minutes for the TAPP group. Postoperatively, pain score was 6.5±3.5 in lichtenstein group as compared to 5.8±1.5 in TAPP group. Because of lesser postoperative pain, the TAPP patients got significantly fewer analgesics than the Lichtenstein patients (2.4 ± 1.0) versus (3.5 ± 1.3) doses. TAPP patients needed significantly fewer admission days than Lichtenstein patients (2.5±0.6 versus 1.8±0.5 days, respectively). TAPP patients returned to work earlier as compared to Lichtenstein group (11.7±4.9 days versus 14.8±4.2 days respectively). Short term and long complications were similar in both groups. Conclusion: Laparoscopic hernioplasty (TAPP) is superior to Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty in terms of postoperative pain, hospital stay and return to daily activity.

A component is built to be reused and reusability has significant impact on component generality and flexibility requirement. A component model plays a critical role in reusability of software component and defines a set of standards for component implementation, evolution, composition, deployment and standardization of the run-time environment for execution of component. In component based development (CBD), standardization of the runtime environment includes specification of component’s interfaces – general and domain specific run-time services. For rapid development of component based system for distributed information systems, COM+ and .NET technologies introduced the idea of Software Component Services that are achieved by proxy objects which intercept message calls between components to provide service like transaction handling, security management, etc. An embedded real-time system (ERTS) designed for a specific purpose in which software tasks have hard real-time constraints to execute and it interact directly with its environment via buses, sensors and other devices. In an embedded real time system, it is great importance to ensure that all tasks of the software system should respond within the time limits. Component based development process have vital role in development of embedded real time system and recently software component models applied in the embedded real-time systems (ERTS) and introduced software component services (SCS) for ERTS. The purpose of this Master thesis is to investigate how to make tool that targets smart device projects in Microsoft Visual Studio and generates proxy objects that can be compiled with Microsoft Visual Studio.NET. The tool generates a complete set of files for a Microsoft Visual Studio smart device project within solution, including both source code and configuration files according to a specific version of Visual Studio by invoking Visual Studio’s automation object model. The tool also generates code for simple logg

The problem of measuring diversity within populations and dissimilarity or similarity between populations has been extensively treated in the literature. Diversity within populations and dissimilarity between populations have been measured and interpreted differently. The choice of a diversity measure essentially depends on the context of a problem, however any diversity measure satisfying certain basic conditions can be used for partioning the total variability into a number of additive components, each of which can be used to test a certain null hypothesis or estimate a component of the variability. Rao outlined a general procedure called Analysis of Diversity which is similar to the Analysis of Variance for quantitative data. In this direction Light and Margolin Anderson and Landis have studied the Gini-Simpson index of diversity while Nayak has extended their results for Quadratic Entaropy introduced by Rao. This paper proposes three new measures of diversity and study related inference problems. Additional keywords: Concavity; Convexity; Computations.