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This review paper is a foundational resource for power distribution and management decisions, thoroughly examining short-term load forecasting (STLF) models within power systems. The study categorizes these models into three groups: statistical approaches, intelligent-computing-based methods, and hybrid models. Performance indicators are compared, revealing the superiority of heuristic search and population-based optimization learning algorithms integrated with artificial neural networks (ANNs) for STLF. However, challenges persist in ANN models, particularly in weight initialization and susceptibility to local minima. The investigation underscores the necessity for sophisticated predictive models to enhance forecasting accuracy, advocating for the efficacy of hybrid models incorporating multiple predictive approaches. Acknowledging the changing landscape, the focus shifts to STLF in smart grids, exploring the transformative potential of advanced power networks. Smart measurement devices and storage systems are pivotal in boosting STLF accuracy, enabling more efficient energy management and resource allocation in evolving smart grid technologies. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of contemporary predictive models and suggests that ANNs and hybrid models could be the most suitable methods to attain reliable and accurate STLF. However, further research is required, including considerations of network complexity, improved training techniques, convergence rates, and highly correlated inputs to enhance STLF model performance in modern power systems., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Series-cascaded microgrids (SCMGs) indeed provide control flexibility and high-voltage synthesis capabilities. However, the power distribution in SCMGs based on distributed generation (DG) sources stays understudied. This paper proposes an SCMG topology using non-dispatchable DG sources and battery energy storage, with an integrated power-routing control. The objective is to address power distribution limitations and stabilize SCMG output voltages under varying conditions. A case study validates the control methodology, considering zero irradiation levels for photovoltaic (PV) and maximum power sharing. The battery modules play a crucial role by providing power, voltage support, and maintaining capacitor voltage at a reference value of a PVintegrated module. This is achieved through a third harmonic current injection in the fundamental frequency current, coupled with proportional power distribution using a third harmonic power signal. The effectiveness of the proposed SCMG topology and control is demonstrated through MATLAB/Simulink and hardware-in-loop analyses (Typhoon HIL). The results present an extended power distribution between series-cascaded DG sources-based units while ensuring stable SCMG output voltages, even in adverse conditions like PV module intermittency. Future work aims to extend the proposed topology to a ring/delta-connection SCMG, where third harmonic current aids power distribution among SCMG legs and between series-cascaded DG sources-based units., This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under Grant PID2021-123633OB-C33., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Within the ever-changing realm of the digital era, the issue of trademark infringement across borders has become a complex obstacle that challenges the traditional limits of safeguarding intellectual property. The research paper explores the intricate relationship between digital technologies, online platforms, and the limitations in enforcing trademark rights across different jurisdictions. The study examines the complex legal challenges that legal systems worldwide face when dealing with the global movement of goods, services, and information. The paper explores how different jurisdictions, like the United States, European Union, and China, tackle the increasing problem of cross-border trademark infringement. Additionally, the study thoroughly analyzes global attempts to achieve harmonization across nations and their effectiveness in resolving conflicts between worldwide trade and local legal systems. This paper aims to contribute to finding practical solutions that align trademark protection with the realities of the digital era. It does so by exploring the details of jurisdictional intricacies and potential pathways for harmonization. This research highlights the importance of countries working together to protect intellectual property rights and promote a global economy in the context of cross-border trademark infringement.

The human being is linked ontologically with his identity and sees that he is worthless without it. Therefore, the question of identity at anage of contemporary and accelerating intellectual challenges is one of the essential questions that preoccupy the world. This study is concerned with the issue of Islamic identity in light of these challenges and it is divided into three topics . In the first, the Islamic identity and its characteristics are defined while the most prominent features of the contemporary intellectual challenges are presented in the second . The third topic tackles the effects of these challenges on the Islamic identity. The study concludes that Islamic identity is based on many components such as belief, language, values, history, etc., and is concerned with divinityas a source, the non-separation between the religious and worldly affairs, collectivism, and moderation. On the other hand, contemporary intellectual challenges are characterized by materialism, utilitarianism , complexity ,nihilism, decisiveness,aggressiveness, western centralism , racism, humanismand scientism. Alike they are featured by exploiting several means to spread out through them such as states, international organizations, lobbies, social media platforms, foreign schools and universities, and the media. They have had negative effects on Islamic identity such as the absence of the spiritual and faith dimension, weakness of Arabic language, family disintegration, the predominance of individualism over collectivism , and obstructing the Islamic da`wa(call) . In order to reduce these influences, it is necessary to realize the challenges and to understand reality, strengthen belonging to Islam, enhance Arabic language, increase da`wa activity, and intensify communication and social solidarity among Muslims .

The issue of climate change and environmental degradation has been prevailing for the last few decades. Yet economies are further expanding due to free trade agreement which accelerates the trade of energy and carbon intensive commodities across the regions. A prominent example of such free trade is the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (R.C.E.P.), which mostly remains ignored. The current research study explores the influence of financial development (F.D.) and energy efficiency (E.N.E.F.) on carbon emissions in the R.C.E.P. economies. Also, this study analyses the role of economic growth and renewable energy on environmental quality during the period from 1990 to 2020. Panel data approaches such as slope heterogeneity, crosssection dependence, and the second-generation panel unit root test are used. The non-normally distributed variables are found cointegrated. Therefore, a novel method of moments quantile regression is used. The results demonstrate that F.D. and economic growth are positively associated with CO2 emissions. At the same time, E.N.E.F. and renewable energy consumption (R.E.C.) significantly reduce the emissions level and promote a green environment in all quantiles. The environmental Kuznets curve is found valid in the R.C.E.P. economies. These results are robust as validated by Fully-Modified Ordinary Least Square – a parametric approach. A two-way significant causal association exists between carbon-economic growth, carbon-F.D., carbon- R.E.C., and carbon-E.N.E.F.. The findings suggest an enhancement in R.E.C., improvement in the E.N.E.F. approaches, and implications for green F.D. in the region.

The performance and hence pragmatic use of organic humidity sensors requires various factors to be addressed outside of progress in high-performance organic-based sensing materials. While important, evaluation of fabrication techniques also requires attention to optimise performance. Herein we report the effect of different application techniques on the humidity sensing performance of poly[N-90-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(40,70-di-2-thienyl-20,10,30-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) organic composites. Spin-coating, immersion and drop-casting techniques have been applied to prepare sensors. Field-emission scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM) analysis of the prepared films revealed different types of self-assembled nanorods and nanotubes to be formed. The morphological and self-assembled differences could be attributed to various crystallisation processes as a result of different deposition techniques. Capacitive responses of all three sensors have been studied as a function of relative humidity at room temperature. PCDTBT:PC71BM composites prepared through the immersion technique showed superior sensing performance including higher sensitivity (62.34 pF/%RH) than sensors prepared through the spin coating (0.2 pF/%RH) and drop-casting (7.5 pF/%RH) techniques. The superior sensing performance of the sensor prepared through the immersion technique can be ascribed to both the nanotube and porous morphology exhibited.

Battery energy storage systems and multilevel converters are the most essential constituents of modern medium voltage networks. In this regard, the modular multilevel converter offers numerous advantages over other multilevel converters. The key feature of modular multilevel converter is its capability to integrate small battery packs in a split manner, given the opportunity to submodules to operate at considerably low voltages. In this paper, we focus on study of potential SMs for modular multilevel converter based battery energy storage system while, keeping in view the inconsistency of secondary batteries. Although, selecting a submodule for modular multilevel converter based battery energy storage system, the state of charge control complexity is a key concern, which increases as the voltage levels increase. This study suggests that the half-bridge, clamped single, and full-bridge submodules are the most suitable submodules for modular multilevel converter based battery energy storage system since, they provide simplest state of charge control due to integration of one battery pack along with other advantages among all 24 submodule topologies. Depending on submodules analysis, the modular multilevel converter based battery energy storage system based on half-bridge submodules is investigated by splitting it into AC and DC equivalent circuits to acquire the AC and DC side power controls along with an state of charge control. Subsequently, to validate different control modes, a downscaled laboratory prototype has been developed., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

The aim of this paper is to develop an evidence- based integrated model of destination competitiveness and apply it to the case of Qatar, given that the country has faced a recent blockade and growing competition from destinations in neighboring countries, such as Oman and Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Turkey. From the perspective of visitors’ experiences, a questionnaire based on the Dwyer-Kim integrated model of destination competitiveness is deployed to identify the determinants of tourism performance in Qatar. These determinants were then ranked based on their degree of contribution to tourism performance. The results show that the highest-ranked determinants related to core resources, especially heritage-based artistic and architectural features, such as historic sites and traditional arts and culture. In contrast, natural resources—such as national parks, wildlife, and nature-based activities—were among the lowest-ranked determinants. The findings offer some strategies through which Qatar can improve its level of tourism competitiveness.

The objective of the research was to determine the role of organizational readiness in the development of management skills from the point of view of a sample of managers in the insurance companies of Aloni and Iraqi and the number of 37 directors, and was based on the questionnaire as a main tool in the collection of data and information, and was analyzed based on the statistical program (SPSS) In extract search results. The research reached the main conclusions: 1) There is a positive and positive relationship between organizational readiness and managerial skills. 2) There is a significant effect between organizational readiness and managerial skills.

The research aims to shed light on information technology in reducing the risk of fraud in the National Insurance Company, that the company's use of an accurate and sophisticated information system with skill, experience and modernity appropriate to the service provided to customers will enable it to overcome and control the risk of fraud, which is one of the most important and evolving crimes With the passage of time. The development of fraudulent methods and means that the insured uses to inflict the insurance company to pay under the influence of these methods to give the amount of compensation voluntarily.

Meningoencephalitis is an inflammation of brain and its surrounding membranes. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and by various other etiology. Radiculoneuropathy, also commonly referred to as pinched nerve, refers to a set of conditions in which one or more nerves are affected. The classic triad of fever, stiff neck and altered sensorium are seen in <50% of all patients with meningitis. Clinical presentation of viral encephalitis includes a prodrome of fever, headache, myalgia, and mild respiratory infection. Altered mentation, focal neurological deficits and seizures usually follow. Patient was brought to emergency department of hospital. He provided with empirical anti-biotic therapy and supportive care. Laboratory investigation like CSF analysis, liver function test, renal function test. Blood test like complete blood picture, dengue Ag. Microbiological test was also carried out. Radiological imaging like MRI of Brain, MRI of spine, Chest X-Ray. Upon clinical diagnosis patient was provided with antibiotic, antiviral and supportive care. Patient was also provided with mechanical ventilator. He was treated for 14 days. Keywords: meningoencephalitis, CSF analysis, classical triad.

Cushing syndrome is a condition characterized by high blood levels of cortisol or other exogenous compounds of glucocorticoids. This can be iatrogenic or endogenous cortisol secretion, due to the either an adrenal tumor or hyper secretion of adrenotropic hormone by the pituitary gland. Due immunosuppression patient are prone to more infectious diseases. Here the patient is diagnoses with oral candidiasis and scabies. Clinical investigation was carried out and laboratory investigations like Cortisol level in morning and evening, complete blood picture. He was provided with treatment of hydrocortisone, anti-fungal agents, anti-parasitic agents and skin moisturizer. Keywords: Iactrogenic Cushing syndrome, Candidiasis, Scabies, Cortisol, Corticosteroid.

Bullous Pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune disorder which exploits the immune system and affecting sub-epidermal region of skin causing mild itching to infection and blistering of sub-epidermal region. Clinical presentations are pruritis, urticarial, papular lesions. These later evolve to bullae in weeks to months and are typically present in the axillae, on the flexor surface of the forearms, medial thighs, trunk, and abdomen. The treatment for bullous pemphigoid is systemic corticosteroids, topical steroids in combination with nicotinamide plus tetracycline, minocycline or doxycycline have shown success in multiple cases. Immunosuppressive therapy is used when steroids do not control the disease or if patients have contraindications for systemic corticosteroid treatments. Patient was brought to emergency department with chief complaints itching, redness, bullous lesion all over the body for 2 months.Oral complaints including solitary erosion seen on right side of buccal mucosa, pharyngeal erythema. Laboratory investigations were carried out. Patient was diagnosed based on physical examination. Patient was provided with adequate treatment and counseling. Keywords: Bullous Pemphigoid, corticosteroid, Autoimmune disorder, sub-epidermal region.

This study aimed to examine the relationships between facilitating writing anxiety (FWA), debilitating writing anxiety (DWA), mastery-approach goal (MAG), performance-approach goal (APPG) and performance-avoidance goal (AVOG). In total, 300 Iraqi undergraduate students participated in the study. A quantitative approach was applied in particular correlational design. Two questionnaires were utilized for data collection: The Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI) and Achievement Goal Questionnaire (AGQ). The results of the study indicated that some students showed a high rate of debilitating anxiety, which led them to pursue performance-avoidance goal. Yet, the two factors of performance- avoidance goal and debilitating writing anxiety were negatively associated with the set of the three factors: mastery-approach goal, performance-approach goal and facilitating writing anxiety. Conversely, there were positive relationships between mastery-approach goal, performance-approach goal and facilitating writing anxiety. In the light of these findings, this study proposes that EFL learners need to consider the affective factors of debilitating anxiety and performance avoidance goal that are likely to undermine their confidence and motivation which may lead them to a maladaptive behavior.

Transformers are one of the significant elements in the power system network. The Transformer function is to step up and down the voltages. When the transformer operating in high load, it exposes to failures. There are various transformer failures which could have a serious effect on the transformer efficiency. For example, winding deformation, tap changer damage, and short turns (inter-turn fault). The transformer inter-turns fault reduces the number of turns in the winding. To detect inter-turn fault, the transformer turn ratio test is the basic method used. On the other hand, frequency response analysis has been recognized to monitor the mechanical condition of the transformer winding. The frequency response analysis method can be conducted in four measurement connection. They are end to end open circuit test, end to end short circuit test, capacitive inter-winding, and inductive inter-winding. The inductive inter-winding low-frequency region is determined by the transformer turn ratio. This statement was mentioned in CIGRE A2.26. However, there are not approved studies on this issue. This study investigates the transformer inter-turn fault using transformer turn ratio test and frequency response analysis. In addition, this study performs various of statistical indicators on the FRA results. The statistical indicators are used to detect the variation between the normal and inter-turn fault responses. Also, this study proposes statistical indicators limits. After that compare the FRA and TTR results and check if the turn ratio results can be obtained using FRA inductive inter-winding test. Findings that FRA inductive inter-winding test can detect inter-turn fault. This can be determined by the absolute sum logarithmic error (ASLE), mean square error (MSE), and standard deviation (SD). Also, there are indicator limits has been proposed for ALSE and SD. This study finding helps to use the frequency response analysis method to replace the conventional turn ratio test

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a macroeconomic framework to predict the impact of transient donor funding on a developing economy and to facilitate evaluation of the effectiveness of alternative uses of this funding in attaining the desired outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: A simulation analysis of the macroeconomic impact of donor funding on the Lebanese economy is conducted. Findings: The paper evaluates the potential outcomes for the country from alternative uses of this donor funding and concludes that targeting infrastructure expenditure, mediated through the government, will produce the most beneficial longer term outcomes. Originality/value: This paper is the first substantive macro model to be developed for the Lebanese economy. It is the first major study of the contribution of donor funding to the Lebanese macro-economy. The framework, however, can be generalised to other developing donor recipient nations.

This study introduces Net Export (NX) models to examine the determinants of the trade flows between Australia and eight selected trading partner (TP) countries (China, France, Germany, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States of America) in four selected Trade Deficit (TD) categories (Pharmaceutical Products; Nuclear Reactors, Boilers, Machinery and Mechanical Appliances; Electrical Machinery and Equipment; Sound Recorders and Producers, and Vehicles Other Than Railway or Tramway Rolling-Stock). A total of 29 NX models are estimated, which are based on both the monetary and Quantity (QTY) values. Findings in this study suggest that macroeconomic variables such as money supply, interest rates and savings rates have no-significant effect in the determination of the NX levels in the selected categories. This highlights that monetary policy cannot influence the NX levels in the selected TD categories in Australia. This study also identifies some policy implications which arise from this paper.

In recent times, wireless access technology is becoming increasingly commonplace due to the ease of operation and installation of untethered wireless media. The design of wireless networking is challenging due to the highly dynamic environmental condition that makes parameter optimization a complex task. Due to the dynamic, and often unknown, operating conditions, modern wireless networking standards increasingly rely on machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. Genetic algorithms (GAs) provide a well-established framework for implementing artificial intelligence tasks such as classification, learning, and optimization. GAs are well-known for their remarkable generality and versatility, and have been applied in a wide variety of settings in wireless networks. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the applications of GAs in wireless networks. We provide both an exposition of common GA models and configuration and provide a broad ranging survey of GA techniques in wireless networks. We also point out open research issues and define potential future work. While various surveys on GAs exist in literature, our paper is the first paper, to the best of our knowledge, which focuses on their application in wireless networks.

Problem statement: The problem of budget deficits and current account imbalances has attracted serious consideration from academics and policy-makers in both developed and developing countries. The question is whether such relationships between budget deficits and current account deficits exist in the case of Philippines. Approach: The purpose of this study was to test the validity of the Keynesian proposition and the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis with respect to the direction of causality between budget deficits and current account deficits in the case of the Philippines. Testing procedure was applied to data from that country for the period 1970-2005 to test such relationships. Results: A bi-directional causality between budget deficits and current account deficits was found. This finding was plausible, given the economic crisis in the early 1980s which was associated with economic driven foreign debt in the Marcos era. Conclusion: The results suggested that policy measures to reduce the budget deficit could play an important role in reducing the current account imbalances and vice-versa.

Nasir, M. Umar-Essay-Social Deterioration: A Direct Consequence of Work Dishonesty. pp. 1-2; Nisar Ahmed-Essay-Equality and Harmony. pp. 3-4; Shahzad Munawar-Essay-Importance of Ethics and Values. pp. 5-6; Akhtar, S. Mohsin-Father Abraham, have mercy upon us... pp. 7-12; Sobia Kiran-Essay-On Ethics. pp. 13-15; Irshad Ali Rana-Blood Menace. pp. 16-17; Arsalaan Naveed-Essay-The Seeing, See Little. pp. 18-19; Omer Javed Pal-Essay-Personal Values. pp. 20; Dr.Naseem Riaz-Essay-Of Plagiarism. pp. 21-22; Nawazish Ali-Essay-Kindness. pp. 23; Salman Rafi-Essay-Responsibility and Criticism. pp. 24; Zainab Mohsin-Essay-Psychological Problems Faced by Women in Pakistan. pp. 25; Omer Habib-The Invisible Cage. pp. 26; Arooj Waheed-A Quest for Identity. pp. 27; Zishan Fida-Essay-Importance of Education. pp. 29-30; Naqwi, Z. H.-Article-English in the Indian Sub-Continent. pp. 31-37; Johnson, Robert A.-Article-What is a Liberal Arts Education? pp. 38-43; Waseem Anwar-Article-In Search of... A Tradition and A Talent... of Our Own! pp. 44-47; Zeeshan Fida-Essay-Education, Development, and Individual Freedom. pp. 48; Riaz Akbar-Essay-The Age of Political Ideologies. pp. 49-50; Saba Shahid-Essay-The Power of Thinking. pp. 51-52; Usman Khalid-Essay-Technology Vs Nature. pp. 53; Imran Bashir-Essay-White Cane Safety Day. pp. 54-55; Amna Mehreen-Essay-Global Warming-Warning? pp. 56-57; Muhammad Asad-Essay-Who Would Save Our EARTH? pp. 58; Benjamin, S. E.-Essay-Where am I in the Midst of Chemistry? A Glimpse. pp. 59-60; Ashraf, C. M.-Essay-Nutrition, Food and Health in a Triangular Relationship. pp. 61-63; Pervez Hoodbhoy-Essay-Opening Minds with Science in Pakistan. pp. 64-66; Jahanzaib Aslam-Time. pp. 67; Fatima Arif-Man is not his own Worst Enemy. pp. 68-69; Zeeshan Zaighum-Setting the Beauty standards. pp. 70; Nouraiz Ahmed-Do you have Free Will? pp. 71-72; Asif Hussain-Essay-Reflections on the Hannah Arendt's Human Condition. pp. 73-74; Adil Aleem-Essay-Is Modern Civilization a Failure?, Editorial Board (English). before the Editorial; Cartoons on 6 pages. after page 110; Justice (Retd.) Wajeeh Ud Din. after page 156; Muhammad Yousuf. before page 157; Offices. after page 179; Convocation. after page 179; Alumni. after page 179; Alumni. after page 179; Alumni. after page 179; Sports. after page 179; Sports. after page 179; Sports. after page 179; Sports. after page 179; Societies. after page 179; Societies. after page 179; Societies. after page 179; Societies. after page 179; Societies. after page 179; Festival. after page 179; Music. after page 179; Drama. after page 179; Campus Life. after page 179; Campus Life. after page 179; Campus Life. after page 179; Interview with Dr Anwar Sajjad. after page 6 (Urdu section); Editorial Board (Urdu). before contents page (Urdu section)

This paper explores the macroeconomic implications arising from the Lebanese governments approach to dealing with its budget deficit, which has become one of the highest amongst in the Middle East.

The Malaysian economy has undergone rapid economic growth and structural change over the past four decades.

The objective of this paper is to explore, froma primarily theoretical perspective, the macroeconomic implications arising from the Lebanese governmnents approach to dealing with its budget deficit which as became one of the highest amongst Middle East countries.

the objective of this paper is to explore, from a primarily theoretical perspective, the macreconomic implications arising from the Lebanese governments approach to dealing with its crippling budget deficits.

The major aims of this study are as follows. First, to macro model prospective developments in the Lebanese economy for policy analysis and evaluation. The main purpose of this study is to develop a dynamic macroeconomic model for Lebanon including the budget deficit and the funding of it, as well as the composition of government expenditures (capital or current). Hence this study develops behavioural equations not used before for Lebanon. The model developed emphasises the effects of exogenous shocks arising from budget deficits and the funding of it (e.g. monetary accommodation or bond financing). This macroeconomic model is utilised as well to analyse the effects of exogenous shocks arising from increased government expenditures (capital expenditure or consumption expenditure) upon key macroeconomic variables. The current government’s policy approach as well as the separate government policies in response to the Lebanese fiscal crisis is analysed as well through the use of this macroeconomic model. The second aim of this study is the application of estimation techniques to Lebanese data. This study generates parameter values of key macroeconomic behavioural relationships in the context of Lebanon by using efficient estimation techniques and appropriate data definitions for Lebanon. This represents a new contribution to the literature, since there have not been any empirical studies on such relationships in the case of Lebanon. The third aim of this study is the application of a simulation analysis to the Lebanese economy. This study conducts a numerical simulation analysis of the macroeconomic model developed, in order to analyse a number of economic policies in the context of the Lebanese fiscal crisis with the aim of improving the country’s macroeconomic performance. Since there has been no research in the area of simulation and policy analysis for the case of Lebanon, this research makes a major contribution to the literature and to an understanding of the Leb

Since the discovery of oil about a half century ago, industrial development in Saudi Arabia has been concentrated in the three major urban centers of Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam. With the exception of the two cities of Jubail and Yanbu where basic petrochemical industries are being developed, other smaller cities play a negligible role in national industrialization. Smaller cities thus have experienced a slower rate of economic growth. Locational and structural characteristics of these smaller cities have contributed to this slow pace. This dissertation studies this problem in depth by means of a comparative analysis of two cities. Dammam was chosen as the major urban center, in contrast with the smaller city of Hofuf. Both cities are located in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was developed to obtain data needed in the study, including a 100 percent sample of Hofuf factories and 30 percent sample of those in Dammam. The collected data were analyzed using central tendency and factor analysis techniques to test whether the locational and internal structure of smaller cities has contributed to their slow economic growth. The results show that Dammam has many advantages over Hofuf that attract private industrial investment. These include geographical location, availability of various public and private institutions, availability of infrastructure and services, and the structure of the local market. As expected, smaller cities do not compete with major urban centers, but economic prosperity of the centers is important for the survival of smaller cities. To attract industrial investment in smaller cities, specific measures need to be taken including: giving a wider role to market analysis and feasibility studies, integrating the local laborforce into manufacturing industries, and providing further infrastructure and related services in these cities. There should be an integrated long-term policy that defines the role of urban communities, given their na

The aim of this paper is to develop an evidence-based integrated model of destination competitiveness and apply it to the case of Qatar, given that the country has faced a recent blockade and growing competition from destinations in neighboring countries, such as Oman and Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Turkey. From the perspective of visitors’ experiences, a questionnaire based on the Dwyer-Kim integrated model of destination competitiveness is deployed to identify the determinants of tourism performance in Qatar. These determinants were then ranked based on their degree of contribution to tourism performance. The results show that the highest-ranked determinants related to core resources, especially heritage-based artistic and architectural features, such as historic sites and traditional arts and culture. In contrast, natural resources—such as national parks, wildlife, and nature-based activities—were among the lowest-ranked determinants. The findings offer some strategies through which Qatar can improve its level of tourism competitiveness.