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Your search keyword '"Almalki, Mohammed A."' showing total 18 results
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18 results on '"Almalki, Mohammed A."'

1. Conservation biology of wetland birds : breeding ecology, spatial analyses and genetic differentiation

Author

Almalki, Mohammed and Szekely, Tamas

Subjects
333.91
Abstract

Conservation biology uses various tools including spatial ecology and molecular ecology to provide better understanding of species that can be used to support and design effective conservation strategies. Many wetland bird species in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are poorly known, and we lack detailed knowledge about their breeding ecology, spatial distribution and genetic differentiation. The first objective of my PhD research was to investigate the parental behaviour of an understudied endemic shorebird to the Middle East, the Crab Plover Dromas ardeola to record parental behaviour at the burrows over a 24-hour period. Since adult males and females look identical, I used molecular markers for sex determination. Molecular sexing was conducted using two different markers applied for 66 Crab Plover blood samples. I demonstrated that both males and females fed chicks, and that females brought food to chicks more frequently than did males (Chapter 2). The second objective was to investigate the breeding distribution of Crab Plovers along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia and to compare the results with the last comprehensive survey conducted in 1996. I showed that the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia has approximately 35% of the Arabian breeding population of Crab Plovers. The major threats to this species along the Red Sea coast were also discussed (Chapter 3). The third objective was to model the spatial distribution of 22 wetland bird species along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) based on occurrence data and 10 environmental variables and then to determine sites with high species richness. This analysis identified 17 areas predicted to be suitable for supporting high species richness. I recommended using this model of areas with high wetland bird species richness as a guide for monitoring and surveys to inform conservation strategies in the Red Sea region of the KSA (Chapter 4). The fourth objective was to use microsatellite markers to investigate the genetics and morphometric differentiations of a wide-spread shorebird species, the Kentish Plover, between islands and mainland sites. The main result of the latter investigation was that breeding populations are genetically and morphometrically differentiated between mainland sites and islands, as well as between different archipelagos. This finding calls for a reconsideration of the current conservation status of this species (Chapter 5). Finally, my PhD research has generated several research lines that warrant further investigation (Chapter 6).

Published
2015

2. Molecular identification and characterisation of acid tolerant microorganisms isolated from rivelin and limb valleys

Author

Almalki, Mohammed and Gilmour, Daniel J.

Subjects
579.1727
Abstract

The Rivelin and Limb Valleys in Sheffield have a long history of Industrial activity and were chosen as acidic environments. The first aim was to analyse the microbial diversity present in the collected water samples from both sites using batch cultures. Two bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus) and two yeast strains (Aureobasidium pullulans and Debaryomyces hansenii) were successfully isolated and identified using 16S and 18S rDNA molecular identification techniques. Physiological characterisations were carried out on all four strains to examine their response to different pH values and high salinity. On the basis of these results, D. hansenii and M. luteus were chosen for further study based on their growth at high salinity at pH 3. Further physiological studies showed that D. hansenii was well adapted to grow at different, extreme conditions in M9 minimal and rich YPD media, while M. luteus required rich LB medium to successfully adapt to combined acid and salt stress. NMR spectroscopy showed when subject to high salinities, M. luteus accumulated betaine as the main compatible solute while D. hansenii accumulated glycerol. Most importantly, glycine betaine was identified as an additional compatible solute in D. hansenii. This is the first report of glycine betaine acting as a compatible solute in a yeast cell. D. hansenii was shown to maintain an internal pH of 6.7 when grown in pH 3 medium and unlike most acid tolerant microorganisms, their membrane potential remained negative when grown at pH 3. pH shock experiments (varying external pH between 3 and 7) suggested that it takes longer than 30 minutes for the D. hansenii cells to return their internal pH to pre-stress levels.

Published
2012

3. Incubation behaviour of the Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula at different latitudes

Author

Wanders, Kees, Almalki, Mohammed, Heggøy, Oddvar, Lislevand, Terje, McGuigan, Chris, Eichhorn, Götz, Gabrielsen, Geir Wing, Azarov, Viktoria, Khasyanova, Leylya, Székely, Tamás, Wanders, Kees, Almalki, Mohammed, Heggøy, Oddvar, Lislevand, Terje, McGuigan, Chris, Eichhorn, Götz, Gabrielsen, Geir Wing, Azarov, Viktoria, Khasyanova, Leylya, and Székely, Tamás

Abstract

In biparental Charadriinae plovers, male and female incubation duties often resemble daily routines, with males typically incubating at night and females incubating during the day. By analysing incubation behaviour in three Arctic populations of Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula, we show that these diel routines are lost in the 24-h sunlight of the Arctic. In contrast, a non-Arctic population in East Scotland exhibited significant daily routines, with males dominating incubation during the late afternoon and night, and females dominating incubation during the early morning and midday hours. These patterns suggest that clear light/dark cycles are necessary for daily incubation routines to form in the Common Ringed Plover, although further research is needed to understand the specific drivers of this behaviour.

Published
2023

4. Improving Disaster Readiness and the Response of Nurses in Saudi Arabia

Author

Al Harthi,Manal, Al Thobaity,Abdulellah, Almalki,Mohammed, Al Ahmari,Waleed, Al Harthi,Manal, Al Thobaity,Abdulellah, Almalki,Mohammed, and Al Ahmari,Waleed

Abstract

Manal Al Harthi,1,2 Abdulellah Al Thobaity,1 Mohammed Almalki,1 Waleed Al Ahmari1 1Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; 2King Faisal Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Taif, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Abdulellah Al ThobaityNursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 12-727-2020Email a.thobaity@tu.edu.saIntroduction: Nurses in Saudi Arabia face several challenges in all phases of disaster nursing, such as the infancy of the specialty and a lack of education, preparedness, research, and expertise in both the clinical field and in academics. Overcoming these challenges will help both nurses and the development of the specialty itself in aspects such as policies and procedures, education, and research. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore strategies for improving disaster nursing in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional study with a principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to identify the factors affecting disaster nursing in Saudi Arabia. The sample of the study was Saudi Arabian nurses, as they are first-line responders in disasters and pandemics.Results: From 800 distributed questionnaires, 569 completed questionnaires were returned, for a response rate of 71%. The findings of the PCA revealed two components that can be extracted from the data. The first is preparedness, which involves 13 items related to the actions that must be taken before a disaster occurs, with a loading range of 0.82 to 0.70. The second factor is the action taken after a disaster occurs, and there are seven items with a loading range of 0.83 to 0.73.Conclusion: For improved disaster nursing, it is essential to develop evaluation tools, create specific nursing legislation for disaster situations, provide personal protective equipment to nurses to minimize the risk of infection, and encourage nurses by appreciating their efforts to minimize t

Published
2021

5. Identify the Disaster Nursing Training and Education Needs for Nurses in Taif City, Saudi Arabia

Author

Brinjee,Duaa, Al Thobaity,Abdulellah, Almalki,Mohammed, Alahmari,Waleed, Brinjee,Duaa, Al Thobaity,Abdulellah, Almalki,Mohammed, and Alahmari,Waleed

Abstract

Duaa Brinjee,1 Abdulellah Al Thobaity,2 Mohammed Almalki,2 Waleed Alahmari2 1Nursing Department, Al Noor Hospital, Makkah, Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia; 2Nursing Department, Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Makkah Region, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Abdulellah Al ThobaityNursing Department, Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi ArabiaEmail a.thobaity@tu.edu.saIntroduction: Nursing is considered the healthcare profession with the most members. Emergency nurses constitute the first line of treatment in healthcare facilities when catastrophic events bring disaster victims in need of medical attention. Therefore, these nurses must be well educated and trained efficiently to be able to deal with disastrous situations properly. This study aimed to distinguish the most important elements of education and training for preparing emergency nurses to face disasters in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), specifically, the city of Taif.Methods: This study employed a tool to measure nurses’ most important training and education needs that was created by the authors based on a literature review and was approved by an expert panel in disaster nursing. Questionnaires were distributed to emergency nurses in four hospitals run by the Ministry of Health in Taif city. Survey responses were received from 210 participants, and the data were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA). A one-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between groups according to their experiences.Results: The following three factors were extracted from the data after redundant items were loaded and excluded: incident management systems (IMSs), disaster triage, and disaster drills. Nurses with less than three years of experience have a significant need to learn about these elements in order to be able to cope with disasters.Conclusion: Understanding different types of disasters and how to deal with these catastrophic events is crucial. Significant differe

Published
2021

6. The public health care system and primary care services in Saudi Arabia: a system in transition

Author

Asmri, Mushabab Al, Almalki, Mohammed J., Fitzgerald, Gerry, Clark, Michele, Asmri, Mushabab Al, Almalki, Mohammed J., Fitzgerald, Gerry, and Clark, Michele

Abstract

Background: Saudi Arabia has invested heavily in its health care system by establishing health care infrastructures to improve health of the nation. However, it remains to be seen whether it is efficient and effective in providing health care services needed. Primary health care, which is the basis of universal health coverage, needs to be assessed on its perfor-mance, challenges and future opportunities to serve the Saudi Arabian population. Aims: This review aimed to identify challenges within the Saudi Arabian health care system with a focus on primary health care services, and to analyse the interrelated factors in order to suggest remedial reforms to further strengthen and improve the health care system. Methods: A narrative review of previous studies and governmental reports was undertaken to extract, analyse, synthe-size and report the findings. Results: The review found a number of key areas for improvement in the primary health care system. These areas include: the scope, structure, infrastructure, financing, increased demand, increased costs and workforce capacity. Other critical challenges include inequitable access to health services, quality and safety of services, the growing burden of chronic dis-eases, lack of an effective information system, management and leadership issues, and gaps in the referral system. Conclusion: The Saudi Arabian health care system needs comprehensive reform with a focus on primary health care.

Published
2020

7. Characterization of Coxsackievirus B4 virus-like particles VLP produced by the recombinant baculovirus-insect cell system expressing the major capsid protein

Author

Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (Tunisie), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Hadj Hassine, Ikbel, Gharbi, Jawhar, Hamrita, Bechr, Almalki, Mohammed A., Rodríguez Aguirre, José F., M’hadheb, Manel Ben, Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (Tunisie), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Hadj Hassine, Ikbel, Gharbi, Jawhar, Hamrita, Bechr, Almalki, Mohammed A., Rodríguez Aguirre, José F., and M’hadheb, Manel Ben

Abstract

Coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4) is suspected to be an environmental factor that has the intrinsic capacity to damage the pancreatic beta cells and therefore causes insulitis and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Although vaccination against CV-B4 could reduce the incidence of this chronic auto-immune disease, there is currently no therapeutic reagent or vaccine in clinical use. By the employment of the Bac-to-Bac® vector system to express the major viral capsid protein, we contributed towards the development of a CV-B4 vaccine by producing CV-B4 virus-like particles (VLPs) from recombinant baculovirus in infected insect cells. In fact Western blot and Immunofluorescence analysis detected the viral protein 1 (VP1) in the cells resulting from the construction of a recombinant bacmid DNA carrying the key immunogenic protein then transfected in the insect cells. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation fractions of the infected cell lysates contained the recombinant protein and the electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of VLPs in these sucrose fractions. This study clearly shows for the first time the expression of CVB4 VP1 structure protein alone can form VLPs in the baculovirus-infected insect cell keeping conserved both characteristics and morphology.

Published
2020

8. Challenges for Nurses in Disaster Management: A Scoping Review

Author

Al Harthi,Manal, Al Thobaity,Abdulellah, Al Ahmari,Waleed, Almalki,Mohammed, Al Harthi,Manal, Al Thobaity,Abdulellah, Al Ahmari,Waleed, and Almalki,Mohammed

Abstract

Manal Al Harthi,1,2 Abdulellah Al Thobaity,1 Waleed Al Ahmari,1 Mohammed Almalki1 1Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Ta’if, Saudi Arabia; 2King Faisal Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Taif, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Abdulellah Al ThobaityTaif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 12-727-2020Email a.thobaity@tu.edu.saAbstract: To reduce the impact of disasters, healthcare providers, especially nurses, need to be prepared to respond immediately. However, nurses face several challenges in all phases of disaster management. The findings of a literature review based on scoping approaches, which utilized the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, indicated that the major barriers facing nurses include the following: (1) disaster nursing is a new specialty; (2) inadequate level of preparedness; (3) poor formal education; (4) lack of research; (5) ethical and legal issues; and (6) issues related to nurses’ roles in disasters. Educators, researchers, and stakeholders need to make efforts to tackle these issues and improve disaster nursing.Keywords: disaster nursing, disaster preparedness, disaster response, challenges

Published
2020

9. Echocardiographic and Clinical Correlates of Ejection Fraction Among 2000 Patients with Heart Failure in Western Saudi Arabia

Author

Subki,Ahmed Hussein, Almalki,Mohammed Ali, Butt,Nadeem Shafique, Alsallum,Mohammed Saad, Almutairi,Hatim Mashan, Khatib,Hazim Abdulkarim, Alzahrani,Abdulrahman Mousa, Babaker,Abdullah Salem, Addas,Firas Abdulrahman, Mashat,Abdullah Abdulfattah, Jad,Ammar Yasser, Zafar,Zohair Abdulwahab, Nogali,Baraa Waleed, Alghamdi,Abdulaziz Abdulsalam, Alghamdi,Nasser Adel, Dakhakhni,Mohanad Fahad, Asaad,Omar Tamer, Alghalayini,Kamal Waheeb, Subki,Ahmed Hussein, Almalki,Mohammed Ali, Butt,Nadeem Shafique, Alsallum,Mohammed Saad, Almutairi,Hatim Mashan, Khatib,Hazim Abdulkarim, Alzahrani,Abdulrahman Mousa, Babaker,Abdullah Salem, Addas,Firas Abdulrahman, Mashat,Abdullah Abdulfattah, Jad,Ammar Yasser, Zafar,Zohair Abdulwahab, Nogali,Baraa Waleed, Alghamdi,Abdulaziz Abdulsalam, Alghamdi,Nasser Adel, Dakhakhni,Mohanad Fahad, Asaad,Omar Tamer, and Alghalayini,Kamal Waheeb

Abstract

Ahmed Hussein Subki,1 Mohammed Ali Almalki,2 Nadeem Shafique Butt,3 Mohammed Saad Alsallum,4 Hatim Mashan Almutairi,5 Hazim Abdulkarim Khatib,6 Abdulrahman Mousa Alzahrani,6 Abdullah Salem Babaker,6 Firas Abdulrahman Addas,6 Abdullah Abdulfattah Mashat,7 Ammar Yasser Jad,6 Zohair Abdulwahab Zafar,6 Baraa Waleed Nogali,6 Abdulaziz Abdulsalam Alghamdi,6 Nasser Adel Alghamdi,6 Mohanad Fahad Dakhakhni,6 Omar Tamer Asaad,6 Kamal Waheeb Alghalayini6 1Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Biostatistics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Neurology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Radiology, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Kamal Waheeb AlghalayiniDepartment of Internal Medicine,College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaTel +966-12-6408222 ext 18244-18272Email kalghalayini@kau.edu.saIntroduction: Heart failure (HF) affects about 320,000 Saudi individuals and is associated with a considerable negative impact on the patients’ quality of life. In literature, there is a lack of data about the echocardiographic abnormalities of HF patients in Saudi Arabia.Aim of Work: To describe the echocardiographic findings of HF patients in Western Saudi Arabia.Methodology: This was a retrospective record review study conducted on 2000 patients with chronic HF in Saudi Arabia. Demographic, clinical and echocardiographic data were collected and compared among patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), ie, EF≤ 40%; HF with mid-range EF (HFmrEF), ie, EF=41– 49%; and

Published
2020

10. Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Author

Burstein, Roy, Henry, Nathaniel J, Collison, Michael L, Marczak, Laurie B, Sligar, Amber, Watson, Stefanie, Marquez, Neal, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, Mahdieh, Abbasi, Masoumeh, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abrigo, Michael R M, Acharya, Dilaram, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adham, Davoud, Afshari, Mahdi, Aghaali, Mohammad, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Ahmed, Rushdia, Akal, Chalachew Genet, Akinyemi, Joshua O, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Noore, Alamene, Genet Melak, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almalki, Mohammed J, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Saeed, Amit, Arianna Maever Loreche, Anbari, Zohreh, Androudi, Sofia, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Arabloo, Jalal, Arefi, Zohreh, Aremu, Olatunde, Armoon, Bahram, Arora, Amit, Artaman, Al, Asadi, Anvar, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Ashraf-Ganjouei, Amir, Assadi, Reza, Ataeinia, Bahar, Atre, Sachin R, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Babaee, Ebrahim, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badawi, Alaa, Bagheri, Soghra, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Baheiraei, Nafiseh, Balouchi, Abbas, Barac, Aleksandra, Bassat, Quique, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Belay, Yared Belete, Bell, Brent, Bell, Michelle L, Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema, Bernstein, Robert S, Bhattacharjee, Natalia V, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Britton, Gabrielle, Browne, Annie J, Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Car, Josip, Cárdenas, Rosario, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Cerin, Ester, Chanie, Wagaye Fentahun, Chatterjee, Pranab, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cooper, Cyrus, Costa, Vera M, Dalal, Koustuv, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daoud, Farah, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, Davis, Ian, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Deribe, Kebede, Desai, Rupak, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Desyibelew, Hanna Demelash, Dey, Sagnik, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Diaz, Daniel, Doshmangir, Leila, Duraes, Andre R, Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura, Earl, Lucas, Ebrahimi, Roya, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Effiong, Andem, Eftekhari, Aziz, Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham, El Sayed, Iman, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, El-Khatib, Ziad, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Enany, Shymaa, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Eyawo, Oghenowede, Ezalarab, Maha, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Faro, Andre, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, João C, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A, Foroutan, Masoud, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fullman, Nancy, Gallus, Silvano, Gebre, Destallem Gebremedhin, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gessner, Bradford D, Geta, Birhanu, Gething, Peter W, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Golding, Nick, Gomes, Nelson G M, Gona, Philimon N, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Graetz, Nicholas, Greaves, Felix, Green, Manfred S, Guo, Yuming, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian James, Hamidi, Samer, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasankhani, Milad, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Hendrie, Delia, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R, Hoang, Chi Linh, Hollerich, Gillian, Rad, Enayatollah Homaie, Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi, Mojtaba, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Nazrul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jürisson, Mikk, Balalami, Nader Jafari, Jalali, Amir, Javidnia, Javad, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Ji, John S, Jobanputra, Yash B, Johnson, Kimberly, Jonas, Jost B, Shushtari, Zahra Jorjoran, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kabir, Ali, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Hamed, Kalhor, Rohollah, Karami, Manoochehr, Karki, Surendra, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Khabiri, Roghayeh, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khang, Young-Ho, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir, Khater, Mona M, Khatony, Alireza, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khazaei, Salman, Khazaei-Pool, Maryam, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinyoki, Damaris K, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kolola, Tufa, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U G, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kuupiel, Desmond, Lacey, Ben, Lad, Sheetal D, Lami, Faris Hasan, Larsson, Anders O., Lee, Paul H, Leili, Mostafa, Levine, Aubrey J, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Listl, Stefan, Longbottom, Joshua, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F, Lorkowski, Stefan, Magdeldin, Sameh, Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy, Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Manda, Ana-Laura, Mansourian, Morteza, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Maulik, Pallab K, Mayala, Benjamin K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McKee, Martin, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R, Miller-Petrie, Molly K, Mills, Edward J, Milne, George J, Mini, G K, Mir, Seyed Mostafa, Mirjalali, Hamed, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Mosapour, Abbas, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Muluneh, Atalay Goshu, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nahvijou, Azin, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Thi Nguyen, Huong Lan, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Son Hoang, Nielsen, Katie R, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nixon, Molly R, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nojomi, Marzieh, Noroozi, Mehdi, Nosratnejad, Shirin, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Motlagh, Soraya Nouraei, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oladimeji, Kelechi E, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olfatifar, Meysam, Olum, Solomon, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Oren, Eyal, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris D V, Ortiz, Alberto, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osei, Frank B, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron E, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pagheh, Abdol Sattar, Pakhale, Smita, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Animika, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsian, Hadi, Pashaei, Tahereh, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Pereira, Alexandre, Perkins, Samantha, Pickering, Brandon V, Pilgrim, Thomas, Pirestani, Majid, Piroozi, Bakhtiar, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Pourjafar, Hadi, Puri, Parul, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintana, Hedley, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Zohreh, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahimzadeh, Shadi, Rajati, Fatemeh, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ramezankhani, Azra, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rawal, Lal, Reiner, Robert C, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Satar, Rezapour, Aziz, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Roever, Leonardo, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roser, Max, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roshani, Daem, Rostami, Ali, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rubino, Salvatore, Sabour, Siamak, Sadat, Nafis, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saeedi, Reza, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Salehi, Farkhonde, Zahabi, Saleh Salehi, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Sathian, Brijesh, Saxena, Sonia, Sbarra, Alyssa N, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Schwebel, David C, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shaahmadi, Faramarz, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamshirian, Amir, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharifi, Hamid, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, Sheikh, Aziz, Shields, Chloe, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shuval, Kerem, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Silva, João Pedro, Singh, Jasvinder A, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sisay, Malede Mequanent, Sisay, Solomon, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, David L, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Soriano, Joan B, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, P N, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Taveira, Nuno, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, To, Quyen G, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Ullah, Irfan, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vahedian-Azimi, Amir, Valdez, Pascual R, van Boven, Job F M, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vos, Theo, Vu, Giang Thu, Vujcic, Isidora S, Waheed, Yasir, Wakefield, Jon, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Ward, Joseph L, Weintraub, Robert G, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Westerman, Ronny, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Woyczynski, Lauren, Wu, Ai-Min, Xu, Gelin, Yadegar, Abbas, Yamada, Tomohide, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Lebni, Javad Yoosefi, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A, Yu, Chuanhua, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zabeh, Erfan, Moghadam, Telma Zahirian, Bin Zaman, Sojib, Zamani, Mohammad, Zandian, Hamed, Zangeneh, Alireza, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Yunquan, Ziapour, Arash, Zodpey, Sanjay, Murray, Christopher J L, Hay, Simon I, Burstein, Roy, Henry, Nathaniel J, Collison, Michael L, Marczak, Laurie B, Sligar, Amber, Watson, Stefanie, Marquez, Neal, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, Mahdieh, Abbasi, Masoumeh, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abrigo, Michael R M, Acharya, Dilaram, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adham, Davoud, Afshari, Mahdi, Aghaali, Mohammad, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Ahmed, Rushdia, Akal, Chalachew Genet, Akinyemi, Joshua O, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Noore, Alamene, Genet Melak, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almalki, Mohammed J, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Saeed, Amit, Arianna Maever Loreche, Anbari, Zohreh, Androudi, Sofia, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Arabloo, Jalal, Arefi, Zohreh, Aremu, Olatunde, Armoon, Bahram, Arora, Amit, Artaman, Al, Asadi, Anvar, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Ashraf-Ganjouei, Amir, Assadi, Reza, Ataeinia, Bahar, Atre, Sachin R, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Babaee, Ebrahim, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badawi, Alaa, Bagheri, Soghra, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Baheiraei, Nafiseh, Balouchi, Abbas, Barac, Aleksandra, Bassat, Quique, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Belay, Yared Belete, Bell, Brent, Bell, Michelle L, Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema, Bernstein, Robert S, Bhattacharjee, Natalia V, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Britton, Gabrielle, Browne, Annie J, Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Car, Josip, Cárdenas, Rosario, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Cerin, Ester, Chanie, Wagaye Fentahun, Chatterjee, Pranab, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cooper, Cyrus, Costa, Vera M, Dalal, Koustuv, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daoud, Farah, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, Davis, Ian, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Deribe, Kebede, Desai, Rupak, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Desyibelew, Hanna Demelash, Dey, Sagnik, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Diaz, Daniel, Doshmangir, Leila, Duraes, Andre R, Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura, Earl, Lucas, Ebrahimi, Roya, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Effiong, Andem, Eftekhari, Aziz, Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham, El Sayed, Iman, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, El-Khatib, Ziad, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Enany, Shymaa, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Eyawo, Oghenowede, Ezalarab, Maha, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Faro, Andre, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, João C, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A, Foroutan, Masoud, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fullman, Nancy, Gallus, Silvano, Gebre, Destallem Gebremedhin, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gessner, Bradford D, Geta, Birhanu, Gething, Peter W, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Golding, Nick, Gomes, Nelson G M, Gona, Philimon N, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Graetz, Nicholas, Greaves, Felix, Green, Manfred S, Guo, Yuming, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian James, Hamidi, Samer, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasankhani, Milad, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Hendrie, Delia, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R, Hoang, Chi Linh, Hollerich, Gillian, Rad, Enayatollah Homaie, Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi, Mojtaba, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Nazrul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jürisson, Mikk, Balalami, Nader Jafari, Jalali, Amir, Javidnia, Javad, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Ji, John S, Jobanputra, Yash B, Johnson, Kimberly, Jonas, Jost B, Shushtari, Zahra Jorjoran, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kabir, Ali, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Hamed, Kalhor, Rohollah, Karami, Manoochehr, Karki, Surendra, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Khabiri, Roghayeh, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khang, Young-Ho, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir, Khater, Mona M, Khatony, Alireza, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khazaei, Salman, Khazaei-Pool, Maryam, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinyoki, Damaris K, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kolola, Tufa, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U G, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kuupiel, Desmond, Lacey, Ben, Lad, Sheetal D, Lami, Faris Hasan, Larsson, Anders O., Lee, Paul H, Leili, Mostafa, Levine, Aubrey J, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Listl, Stefan, Longbottom, Joshua, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F, Lorkowski, Stefan, Magdeldin, Sameh, Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy, Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Manda, Ana-Laura, Mansourian, Morteza, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Maulik, Pallab K, Mayala, Benjamin K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McKee, Martin, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R, Miller-Petrie, Molly K, Mills, Edward J, Milne, George J, Mini, G K, Mir, Seyed Mostafa, Mirjalali, Hamed, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Mosapour, Abbas, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Muluneh, Atalay Goshu, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nahvijou, Azin, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Thi Nguyen, Huong Lan, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Son Hoang, Nielsen, Katie R, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nixon, Molly R, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nojomi, Marzieh, Noroozi, Mehdi, Nosratnejad, Shirin, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Motlagh, Soraya Nouraei, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oladimeji, Kelechi E, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olfatifar, Meysam, Olum, Solomon, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Oren, Eyal, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris D V, Ortiz, Alberto, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osei, Frank B, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron E, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pagheh, Abdol Sattar, Pakhale, Smita, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Animika, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsian, Hadi, Pashaei, Tahereh, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Pereira, Alexandre, Perkins, Samantha, Pickering, Brandon V, Pilgrim, Thomas, Pirestani, Majid, Piroozi, Bakhtiar, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Pourjafar, Hadi, Puri, Parul, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintana, Hedley, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Zohreh, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahimzadeh, Shadi, Rajati, Fatemeh, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ramezankhani, Azra, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rawal, Lal, Reiner, Robert C, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Satar, Rezapour, Aziz, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Roever, Leonardo, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roser, Max, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roshani, Daem, Rostami, Ali, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rubino, Salvatore, Sabour, Siamak, Sadat, Nafis, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saeedi, Reza, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Salehi, Farkhonde, Zahabi, Saleh Salehi, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Sathian, Brijesh, Saxena, Sonia, Sbarra, Alyssa N, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Schwebel, David C, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shaahmadi, Faramarz, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamshirian, Amir, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharifi, Hamid, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, Sheikh, Aziz, Shields, Chloe, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shuval, Kerem, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Silva, João Pedro, Singh, Jasvinder A, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sisay, Malede Mequanent, Sisay, Solomon, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, David L, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Soriano, Joan B, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, P N, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Taveira, Nuno, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, To, Quyen G, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Ullah, Irfan, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vahedian-Azimi, Amir, Valdez, Pascual R, van Boven, Job F M, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vos, Theo, Vu, Giang Thu, Vujcic, Isidora S, Waheed, Yasir, Wakefield, Jon, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Ward, Joseph L, Weintraub, Robert G, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Westerman, Ronny, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Woyczynski, Lauren, Wu, Ai-Min, Xu, Gelin, Yadegar, Abbas, Yamada, Tomohide, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Lebni, Javad Yoosefi, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A, Yu, Chuanhua, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zabeh, Erfan, Moghadam, Telma Zahirian, Bin Zaman, Sojib, Zamani, Mohammad, Zandian, Hamed, Zangeneh, Alireza, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Yunquan, Ziapour, Arash, Zodpey, Sanjay, Murray, Christopher J L, and Hay, Simon I

Abstract

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2-to end preventable child deaths by 2030-we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000-2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations.

Published
2019
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11. Trends in mitral valve prolapse: a tertiary care center experience in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Author

Subki,Ahmed Hussein, Bakhaidar,Mahmoud Ghaleb, Bakhaider,Moaz Abdulrahman, Alkhowaiter,Ali Abdulrahman, Al-Harbi,Rakan Salah, Almalki,Mohammed Ali, Alzahrani,Khalid Abdullah, Fakeeh,Maged Mazen, Subki,Siham Hussein, Alhejily,Wesam Awad, Subki,Ahmed Hussein, Bakhaidar,Mahmoud Ghaleb, Bakhaider,Moaz Abdulrahman, Alkhowaiter,Ali Abdulrahman, Al-Harbi,Rakan Salah, Almalki,Mohammed Ali, Alzahrani,Khalid Abdullah, Fakeeh,Maged Mazen, Subki,Siham Hussein, and Alhejily,Wesam Awad

Abstract

Ahmed Hussein Subki, Mahmoud Ghaleb Bakhaidar, Moaz Abdulrahman Bakhaider, Ali Abdulrahman Alkhowaiter, Rakan Salah Al-Harbi, Mohammed Ali Almalki, Khalid Abdullah Alzahrani, Maged Mazen Fakeeh, Siham Hussein Subki, Wesam Awad Alhejily Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Background: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most common cardiac valvular abnormality in developed countries and it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Aim of work: To study the clinical presentations, risk factors, and echocardiographic features of patients with MVP in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A retrospective chart review study was conducted in King Abdulaziz teaching hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from 2007 to 2017. All patients with MVP who were admitted at the hospital during this time period were recruited to this study, and demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic variables were analyzed using IBM SPSS. Results: Ninety-seven patients were recruited to this study, with a mean age of 43.82±16.16 years. Females constituted 67%. The body mass index (BMI) was 24.9±6.3 kg/m2. Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia occurred in 19.6%, 5.2%, and 5.2% of patients, respectively. A single patient had Marfan syndrome. Chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea were the presenting symptoms in 23.7%, 11.3%, and 9.3% of patients, respectively, with elderly individuals presenting disproportionally (93.3%) with palpitations. Fifty-five percent of patients had an anterior leaflet prolapse. The presence of posterior leaflet prolapse and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) was significantly associated with left atrial and left ventricular dilatation (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: MVP is more prevalent in women and middle-aged individuals with normal BMIs in this population. The most common clinical presentations were chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea

Published
2019

12. Population awareness of coronary artery disease risk factors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Author

Almalki,Mohammed Ali, AlJishi,Maram Nader, Khayat,Maie Abdulrhman, Bokhari,Hotoun Fayez, Subki,Ahmed Hussein, Alzahrani,Abdulrahman Mousa, Alhejily,Wesam Awad, Almalki,Mohammed Ali, AlJishi,Maram Nader, Khayat,Maie Abdulrhman, Bokhari,Hotoun Fayez, Subki,Ahmed Hussein, Alzahrani,Abdulrahman Mousa, and Alhejily,Wesam Awad

Abstract

Mohammed Ali Almalki, Maram Nader AlJishi, Maie Abdulrhman Khayat, Hotoun Fayez Bokhari, Ahmed Hussein Subki, Abdulrahman Mousa Alzahrani, Wesam Awad Alhejily Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a serious cardiovascular disorder affecting middle-aged individuals. It is a major cause of death among adults over the age of 35 years. In Saudi Arabia, CAD is associated with higher mortality rate, and Saudi patients are reported to have significantly higher prevalence of risk factors for CAD than the Western population. Furthermore, as, to date, there is no definite cure for CAD, prevention of the disease and tight control of the known risk factors are the cornerstones for reducing CAD-associated mortality. Thus, the present work aimed to assess the population awareness of CAD risk factors in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah during the period January 2017 to December 2017 by using an online survey questionnaire to assess participants’ awareness of 14 risk factors for CAD, namely: smoking, lack of physical activity, fast food and soft drink intake, television and computer use; history of diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction and stroke; as well as a family history of diabetes mellitus, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, CAD and myocardial infarction.Results: Of 468 respondents, 41% were males. The mean age was 31.9±12.4. Approximately 86% were Saudi, and ~60% had a university education. The mean overall awareness score was 4.31±1.36 (1.00–8.00). Fast food, soft drinks, and family history of diabetes were the most commonly identified risk factors, reported by 74.8%, 64.3%, and 47.2% of participants, respectively. There was a strong correlation between overall awareness score and awareness of each risk factor individually (P<0.003).Conclusion: There is an evident limited kn

Published
2019

13. Pain control in thoracic oncology

Author

Peeters-Asdourian, Christine, Engelholm, Jean Luc, Sculier, Jean-Paul, Massard, Gilbert, Rana, Paragi P.H., Van Houtte, Paul, Whiten, Andrew, Grigoriu, Bogdan, Lossignol, Dominique, Almalki, Mohammed, Alexiou, Jean, Peeters-Asdourian, Christine, Engelholm, Jean Luc, Sculier, Jean-Paul, Massard, Gilbert, Rana, Paragi P.H., Van Houtte, Paul, Whiten, Andrew, Grigoriu, Bogdan, Lossignol, Dominique, Almalki, Mohammed, and Alexiou, Jean

Abstract

This review of pain management in lung cancer is based on the presentation of four cases of thoracic oncology patients with pain at various stages of their disease. The approach will be multidisciplinary, involving a thoracic oncologist, radiologist, thoracic and orthopaedic spine surgeon, radiation therapist, pain medicine specialist, and palliative care specialist. This multispecialty approach to the management of different painful presentations in thoracic oncology will demonstrate the complexity of each case and the improved patient outcomes which result from the involvement of different disciplines working in concert. In the USA, Europe and other countries, palliative care specialists often become rapidly involved in the management of these patients, coordinating social care and providing psychological support. Thoracic and orthopaedic spine subspecialists provide surgical methods to control tumour invasion, and improve quality of life and preservation of function in settings of even diffuse metastatic disease. Similarly, thoracic oncology and radiation therapists utilise both therapeutic and palliative chemotherapeutic and radiation therapy regimens to prolong and improve quality of life. The pain medicine specialist can, in addition to medication management, offer a variety of interventional approaches including unique drug delivery systems such as epidural analgesia, regional anaesthesia techniques, and intrathecal pumps, as well as neuromodulation techniques and neurolytic or neuroablative procedures. In the USA, these specialists complete an additional fellowship year in pain medicine following the completion of an anaesthesiology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, neurology or psychiatry residency. These programmes are accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, or ACGME (www.acgme.org)., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2017

14. Quality of work life among primary health care nurses in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: a crosssectional study

Author

Almalki, Mohammed, Fitzgerald, Gerard, Clark, Michele, Almalki, Mohammed, Fitzgerald, Gerard, and Clark, Michele

Abstract

Background: Quality of work life (QWL) is defined as the extent to which employee is satisfied with personal and working needs through participating in the workplace while achieving the organisation’s goals. QWL has been found to influence the commitment and productivity of employees in healthcare organisations, as well as in other industries. However, reliable information on the QWL of PHC nurses is limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the QWL among PHC nurses in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive research design, namely, a cross-sectional survey was used in this study. Data were collected using Brooks’ survey of quality of nursing work life (QNWL) and demographic questions. A convenience sample was recruited from 143 PHC centres in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The Jazan region is located in the southern part of Saudi Arabia. A response rate of 91% (N = 532/585) was achieved (effective RR = 87%, n = 508). Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, t-test and one way-analysis of variance. Total scores and sub-scores for QWL Items and item summary statistics were computed and reported, using SPSS version 17 for Windows. Results: Findings suggested that the respondents were dissatisfied with their work life. The major influencing factors were unsuitable working hours/shifts, lack of facilities for nurses, inability to balance work with family needs, inadequacy of family-leave time, poor staffing, management and supervision practices, lack of professional development opportunities, and inappropriate working environment in terms of the level of security, patient care supplies and equipment, and recreation facilities (Break-area). Other essential factors include the community’s view of nursing and inadequate salary. More positively, the majority of nurses were satisfied with their co-workers, satisfied to be nurses and had a sense of belonging in their workplaces. Significant differences were found according to gender, age, marital status

Published
2012

15. The relationship between quality of work life and turnover intention of primary health care nurses in Saudi Arabia

Author

Almalki, Mohammed, Fitzgerald, Gerard, Clark, Michele, Almalki, Mohammed, Fitzgerald, Gerard, and Clark, Michele

Abstract

Background Quality of work life (QWL) has been found to influence the commitment of health professionals including nurses. However, reliable information on the QWL and turnover intention of primary health care (PHC) nurses is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between QWL and turnover intention of PHC nurses in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was used in this study. Data were collected using Brooks’ survey of Quality of Nursing Work life (QNWL), the Anticipated Turnover Scale and demographic data questions. A total of 508 PHC nurses in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia completed the questionnaire (RR = 87%). Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, General Linear Model (GLM) univariate analysis, standard multiple regression (SMR), and hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) were applied for analysis using SPSS v17 for Windows. Results Findings suggested that the respondents were dissatisfied with their work life, with almost 40% indicating a turnover intention from their current PHC centres. Turnover intention was significantly related to QWL. Using SMR, 26% of the variance in turnover intention was explained by the QWL, p < 0.001, with R² = .263. Further analysis using HMR found that the total variance explained by the model as a whole (demographics and QWL) was 32.1%, p < 0.001. QWL explained an additional 19% of the variance in turnover intention, after controlling for demographic variables. Conclusions Creating and maintaining a healthy work life for PHC nurses is very important to improve their work satisfaction, reduce turnover, enhance productivity and improve nursing care outcomes.

Published
2012

16. Quality of work life and turnover intention in primary healthcare organisations : a cross-sectional study of registered nurses in Saudi Arabia

Author

Almalki, Mohammed Jubran and Almalki, Mohammed Jubran

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to improve the retention of primary healthcare (PHC) nurses through exploring and assessing their quality of work life (QWL) and turnover intention. Design and methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire comprising four sections (Brooks’ survey of Quality of Nursing Work Life [QNWL], Anticipated Turnover Intention, open-ended questions and demographic characteristics). A convenience sample was recruited from 143 PHC centres in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. A response rate of 87% (n = 508/585) was achieved. The SPSS v17 for Windows and NVivo 8 were used for analysis purposes. Procedures and tests used in this study to analyse the quantitative data were descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, General Linear Model (GLM) univariate analysis, standard multiple regression, and hierarchical multiple regression. Qualitative data obtained from responses to the open-ended questions were analysed using the NVivo 8. Findings: Quantitative findings suggested that PHC nurses were dissatisfied with their work life. Respondents’ scores ranged between 45 and 218 (mean = 139.45), which is lower than the average total score on Brooks’ Survey (147). Major influencing factors were classified under four dimensions. First, work life/home life factors: unsuitable working hours, lack of facilities for nurses, inability to balance work with family needs and inadequacy of vacations’ policy. Second, work design factors: high workload, insufficient workforce numbers, lack of autonomy and undertaking many non-nursing tasks. Third, work context factors: management practices, lack of development opportunities, and inappropriate working environment in terms of the level of security, patient care supplies and unavailability of recreation room. Finally, work world factors: negative public image of nursing, and inadequate payment. More positively, nurses were notably satisfied with their co-workers. Conversely

Published
2012

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