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Current study was carried out to evaluate the antipyretic activity of Crotalaria verrucosa L. plants in Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in Albino rats. Brewer’s yeast solution was injected subcutaneously at the region of thigh in all the rats in the dose of 1ml/100gms body weight.After 1 hour of injection of yeast, corresponding test drug was administered for all the groups. Rats of Group 1 which was administered with distilled water 1ml/100gms of body weight. Animals of Group 2 were administered with paracetamol suspension at the dose of 0.75ml/100gm of the body weight by using feeding syringe. Similarly rats of Group 3 were administered with decoction of trail drug at the dose of 1ml/100grms of body weight. After administering corresponding drugs to each group hourly rectal temperature of each rat was noted till successive 14 hours. The result was analysed statisticallywith repeated measures of one way ANOVA test.The analysis suggested that the Shanapushpi (Crotalaria verrucosa L.) had significant antipyretic activity.

High-grade fever is a common presenting symptom in various infectious and inflammatory conditions, requiring prompt and effective management. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a widely used antipyretic agent, while lignocaine possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. This prospective study evaluated and established the safety and efficacy of paracetamol + lignocaine injection in patients with high-grade fever. The study outcomes revealed that after administering paracetamol and lignocaine injections, 89% of patients experienced a reduction in high fever, while 68.6% of patients reported no or mild pain at the injection site. Based on these findings, the authors recommend that health care professionals consider the potential benefits of using paracetamol and lignocaine injections for patients suffering from severe fever accompanied by pain and discomfort.

Sterculia quadrifida (SQ) is a plant which is also known as "faloak" by the people of East Nusa Tenggara. The secondary metabolite content of this plant has sufficient potential to be developed. Taking the bark of SQ which is not balanced with its preservation can threaten its survival. The use of SQ leaves as a new traditional medicine needs to be tested for its efficacy and safety.The aim of the study was to provide information about the efficacy and safety of SQ leaves in the development of new traditional medicines. The acute toxicity test used the fix-dose combination method according to the BPOM recommendation. A single oral dose of 2000 mg/KgBw of extract was given to five male mice at 24 h intervals. Animals were observed individually for any clinical signs of toxicity or mortality for 24 hours and 14 days. DPT (difteri, pertussis, tetanus)-Hb (Hepatitis-B) was used as a fever inducer in the antipyretic test of infusion and ethanol extract of SQ leaves. For acute treatment, the ethanol extract of Sterculia quadrifida (EESQ) did not reveal any signs of toxicity or mortality in any animal, during the observation period. The LD50 of extract was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/KgBw. A dose of 2000 mg/KgBw in mice for 14 days showed significant side effects on the liver and spleen which were marked by organ weights that were significantly different from the control group. Paracetamol as positive control, infusion of Sterculia quadrifida leaves (ISQ) 100%, and EESQ 400 mg/KgBw showed a significant difference (p<0.05) with the negative control group. The results showed that SQ leaf has potential as an antipyretic, but liver function must be monitored, even though the LD50 value is above 2000 mg/KgBw.

High-grade fever is a common presenting symptom in various infectious and inflammatory conditions, requiring prompt and effective management. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a widely used antipyretic agent, while lignocaine possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. This prospective study evaluated and established the safety and efficacy of paracetamol + lignocaine injection in patients with high-grade fever. The study outcomes revealed that after administering paracetamol and lignocaine injections, 89% of patients experienced a reduction in high fever, while 68.6% of patients reported no or mild pain at the injection site. Based on these findings, the authors recommend that health care professionals consider the potential benefits of using paracetamol and lignocaine injections for patients suffering from severe fever accompanied by pain and discomfort.

One native plant Indonesia are scattered in several regions, especially in the island of Timor NTT Province and has the potential to be developed into a medicinal plant that is Faloak (Sterculia sp.) Research on the Test of Effect Antipyretic Ethanol Extract Skin Stem Faloak (Sterculia sp.) In Mice White Males ( Mus musculus) strain Swiss Webster aims to determine the antipyretic effect of the ethanol extract of the stem bark faloak and effective as an antipyretic dose in mice induced DPT-HB vaccine. Extracts prepared by maceration method using ethanol 96%. White male mice used were 20 birds and were divided into 5 groups. Each mouse induced HB DPT vaccine at a dose of 0.0013 mL / 20 g BB. The first group was given paracetamol as a positive control at a dose of 1.3 mg / 20 g BB, the second group was given Na CMC as a negative control, and the three other groups faloak stem bark ethanol extract at a dose of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg BW, and 600 mg/kg. Temperature measurement is carried out for 3 hours with a 30-minute interval. Measurement data were statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA and advanced test Post Hoc LSD showed that the ethanol extract of bark faloak with a dose of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg have an activity comparable with paracetamol, while extracts of 600 mg/kg has a more optimal antipyretic activity of paracetamol at a dose of 1.3 mg / 20 g BB.

One native plant Indonesia are scattered in several regions, especially in the island of Timor NTT Province and has the potential to be developed into a medicinal plant that is Faloak (Sterculia sp.) Research on the Test of Effect Antipyretic Ethanol Extract Skin Stem Faloak (Sterculia sp.) In Mice White Males ( Mus musculus) strain Swiss Webster aims to determine the antipyretic effect of the ethanol extract of the stem bark faloak and effective as an antipyretic dose in mice induced DPT-HB vaccine. Extracts prepared by maceration method using ethanol 96%. White male mice used were 20 birds and were divided into 5 groups. Each mouse induced HB DPT vaccine at a dose of 0.0013 mL / 20 g BB. The first group was given paracetamol as a positive control at a dose of 1.3 mg / 20 g BB, the second group was given Na CMC as a negative control, and the three other groups faloak stem bark ethanol extract at a dose of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg BW, and 600 mg/kg. Temperature measurement is carried out for 3 hours with a 30-minute interval. Measurement data were statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA and advanced test Post Hoc LSD showed that the ethanol extract of bark faloak with a dose of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg have an activity comparable with paracetamol, while extracts of 600 mg/kg has a more optimal antipyretic activity of paracetamol at a dose of 1.3 mg / 20 g BB.

BACKGROUND: The current study aims at evaluating the analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic extract of the stem, bark and leaves of Launaea sarmentosa and Aegialitis rotundifolia roxb. RESULTS: The AELS and AEAR extract presented a significant (***p < 0.001) dose dependent increase in reaction time in writhing method and showed inhibition of 63.1% and 57.1% respectively at the doses of 400 mg/kg body weight while standard drug showed (P < 0.001) inhibition of 69.23%. In tail immersion method, AELS and AEAR showed maximum time of tail retention at 30 min in hot water i.e. 6.93 sec and 6.54 sec respectively at highest doses of 400 mg/kg body weight than lower dose while standard pentazocine showed reaction time of 7.62 sec. The AELS and AEAR extract also exhibited promising anti-inflammatory effect as demonstrated by statistically significant inhibition of paw volume by 32.48% and 26.75% respectively at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight while the value at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight were linear to higher dose at the 3rd hour of study. On the other hand, Standard indomethacin inhibited 40.13% of inflammation (***P < 0.001). In Cotton-pellet granuloma method, AELS and AEAR extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight exhibited inhibition of inflammation of 34.7% and 29.1% respectively while standard drug showed (P < 0.001) inhibition of 63.22%. Intraperitoneal administration of AELS and AEAR showed dose dependent decrease in body temperature in brewer's yeast induced hyperthermia in rats at both doses. However, AELS significantly decreased body temperature (***p < 0.001) at 400 mg/kg compared to control. CONCLUSIONS: Present work propose that the methanolic extract of Launaea sarmentosa and Aegialitis rotundifolia roxb possesses dose dependent pharmacological action which supports its therapeutic use in folk medicine possibly mediated through the inhibition or blocking of release of prostaglandin and/or actions of vasoactive substan

Purpose: To assess the safety and feasibility of treating critically ill adults with different fever control strategies. Methods: This was a pilot, open-label clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01173367) that randomized febrile patients to an aggressive or permissive fever control strategy. For the aggressive and permissive groups, antipyretic therapy (acetaminophen, physical cooling) was administered when the temperature was ≥ 38.3°C and ≥ 40.0°C respectively. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Results: Two hundred patients experienced a fever (31% of the originally projected estimate), among which 26 were randomized to the aggressive (n = 14) or permissive (n = 12) arm. The aggressive group received a greater dose of acetaminophen (2275 mg vs 0 mg, P = .0001), and more frequently received physical cooling than patients in the permissive group (57% vs 8%, P = .01). The mean daily temperature was lower in the aggressive group (37.8°C vs 38.0°C, P = .02). There was no difference in the primary outcome (21% vs 17%, P = 1.0) or in any safety outcome between the treatment groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of administering antipyretic therapy in critically ill adults. The key finding was a lower than expected incidence of fever.

Purpose: To determine whether fever control with antipyretic therapy effects the mortality of febrile critically ill adults. Methods: Systematic review using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and 2 clinical trial registries from inception to April 2012. Randomized clinical trials comparing treatment of fever with no treatment or comparing different thresholds for fever control in adults without acute neurological injury admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) were selected for review. The effect of fever control on all-cause ICU-mortality was determined using a random effects meta-analysis. Results: Five randomized clinical trials in 399 patients were included. The temperature threshold for treatment in the intervention group was commonly 38.3°C to 38.5°C, whereas it was typically 40.0°C for controls. Four studies used physical measures and 3 used pharmacologic measures for temperature control. There was no significant heterogeneity among the included studies (I2 = 12.5%, P = .3). Fever control did not significantly effect ICU mortality with a pooled risk ratio of 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.58-1.63, P = .9). Conclusions: This meta-analysis found no evidence that fever treatment influences mortality in critically ill adults without acute neurological injury. However, studies were underpowered to detect clinically important differences.

INTRODUCTION: Although fever and hypothermia are common abnormal physical signs observed in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU), little data exist on their optimal management. The objective of this study was to describe contemporary practices and determinants of management of temperature abnormalities among patients admitted to ICUs. METHODS: Site leaders of the multi-national EUROBACT study were surveyed regarding diagnosis and management of temperature abnormalities among patients admitted to their ICUs. RESULTS: Of the 162 ICUs originally included in EUROBACT, responses were received from 139 (86%) centers in 23 countries in Europe (117), South America (8), Asia (5), North America (4), Australia (3) and Africa (2). A total of 117 (84%) respondents reported use of a specific temperature threshold in their ICU to define fever. A total of 14 different discrete levels were reported with a median of 38.2°C (inter-quartile range, IQR, 38.0°C to 38.5°C). The use of thermometers was protocolized in 91 (65%) ICUs and a wide range of methods were reportedly used, with axillary, tympanic and urinary bladder sites as the most common as primary modalities. Only 31 (22%) of respondents indicated that there was a formal written protocol for temperature control among febrile patients in their ICUs. In most or all cases practice was to control temperature, to use acetaminophen, and to perform a full septic workup in febrile patients and that this was usually directed by physician order. While reported practice was to treat nearly all patients with neurological impairment and most patients with acute coronary syndromes and infections, severe sepsis and septic shock, this was not the case for most patients with liver failure and fever. CONCLUSIONS: A wide range of definitions and management practices were reported regarding temperature abnormalities in the critically ill. Documenting temperature abnormality management practices, including variability in clinical care, i

Fever is common among patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). In spite of the frequency of its occurrence, the biological mechanisms regulating the initiation and progression of fever are poorly understood. In addition, there are few large studies reporting on the epidemiology and etiology of fever in general medical and surgical ICU patients. Current evidence suggests that the development of high fever by patients admitted to ICUs with a medical admission diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of death. The decision to treat fever should therefore be obvious, but several lines of evidence argue against temperature-lowering strategies. Furthermore, the use of different temperature control strategies in febrile patients without acute brain injury or acute myocardial infarction is guided by a paucity of randomized clinical trials and by a lack of understanding of the biology of the induction and control of fever. As such, a review of the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and immunology of fever as well as the evidence behind management of fever in the critically ill is pertinent to all critical care practitioners.

Objective : To evaluate ethanol & aqueous extracts of root of Marsdenia tenacissima Wight & Arn. at different doses (100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg p.o.) for antipyretic activity in yeast induced pyrexia in rats. Materials and Methods : The ethanol extract of root of Marsdenia tenacissima was obtained by continuous soxhlet extraction and aqueous extract by cold maceration process. Both the extracts were subjected to phytochemical investigation to identify the phytoconstituents and further assessed for antipyretic activity by yeast induced pyrexia in experimental rats and compared with standard drug, Paracetamol. Results : Upon evaluation of antipyretic activity on experimental animals, the ethanol and aqueous extracts at the dose (100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg p.o.) showed significant (P < 0.01) antipyretic activity as observed from evaluation parameter. The ethanol and aqueous extracts revealed the presence of steroid glycosides, alkaloids, saponins on qualitative chemical tests. Conclusion : From the results, it can be concluded that the active ethanol and aqueous extracts (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg p.o.) of root of Marsdenia tenacissima is worthwhile to develop the bioactive principles for antipyretic activity.

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Acetaminophen is the active ingredient in Tylenol. It is an odorless, white and crystalline powder with analgesic (pain relieving) and antipyretic (fever reducing) properties that possess a slightly bitter taste. Acetaminophen is used for the relief of fever as well as aches and pains associated with many conditions such as arthritis. However, acetaminophen has no effect if the pain is due to inflammation. The most serious side effect is liver damage due to large doses, chronic use or accompanied use with alcohol or other drugs that also damage the liver. Also, some people can be allergic to acetaminophen which can cause a rash or swelling but these reactions are rare. Acetaminophen has minor uses in the manufacture of azo dyes and as a stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide, photographic chemicals and as a chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals.