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Three-Dimensional (3D) printing is a process where objects are made in successive layers under computer control by fusing or depositing materials. The objects can be of nearly any shape or geometry and come in a computer-aided (CAD) design from 3D model. Since 3D printing began in 1984, it has changed enormously and has been used in a wide range of fields, including medicine and architecture. 3D printing moves rapidly and in future will transform and change the way we live and work from laboratory-based organs to pharmaceutical supplies. 3D printing in pharmaceuticals has been used to produce many novel dosage forms like microcapsules, complex drug-release profiles, nanosuspensions, and multilayered drug delivery devices. It also offers important advantages from the industrial point of view such as cost-efficiency, higher productivity, democracy-making and enhanced cooperation. Keeping in view the recent approval given by USFDA to many drug the focus has now shifted to the personalized medicine as it offers an important benefit to patients who need medications that have narrow therapeutic index or a higher predilection to be influenced by genetic polymorphisms. 3D printer is now seen as a valuable, efficient and economical tool to manufacture individualized medications, tailored to specific patients based on their needs and thereby change the future of pharmacy practice in general and pharmaceutical care in particular.

Three-Dimensional (3D) printing is a process where objects are made in successive layers under computer control by fusing or depositing materials. The objects can be of nearly any shape or geometry and come in a computer-aided (CAD) design from 3D model. Since 3D printing began in 1984, it has changed enormously and has been used in a wide range of fields, including medicine and architecture. 3D printing moves rapidly and in future will transform and change the way we live and work from laboratory-based organs to pharmaceutical supplies. 3D printing in pharmaceuticals has been used to produce many novel dosage forms like microcapsules, complex drug-release profiles, nanosuspensions, and multilayered drug delivery devices. It also offers important advantages from the industrial point of view such as cost-efficiency, higher productivity, democracy-making and enhanced cooperation. Keeping in view the recent approval given by USFDA to many drug the focus has now shifted to the personalized medicine as it offers an important benefit to patients who need medications that have narrow therapeutic index or a higher predilection to be influenced by genetic polymorphisms. 3D printer is now seen as a valuable, efficient and economical tool to manufacture individualized medications, tailored to specific patients based on their needs and thereby change the future of pharmacy practice in general and pharmaceutical care in particular.

Polypodium vulgare Linn. commonly called as Bisfaij is a medicinal plant which is used in various ailments. It is one of the most archaic and essential plant, belonging to the family Polypodiaceae. It contains organic substances such as resin, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, protein, reducing sugar and inorganic substances like calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulphur, iron and chloride. It is used in Unani system of medicine for the treatment of sorethroat, stomach-aches, leprosy, melancholia, spleenomegaly, haemorrhoids, rheumatic swelling of the joints etc. Besides this, it has other pharmacological activities too such as antiepileptic, neuro-psychopharmacological, antipyretic, antibiotic, antiviral etc. This review paper discuses the medicinal values of Polypodium vulgare Linn. in Unani medicine as well as its modern pharmacology and gives a new impetus to utilize Bisfaij in various disorders. Keywords: Bisfaij, Polypodium vulgare Linn, Phytopharmacology, Unani Medicine.

Polypodium vulgare Linn. commonly called as Bisfaij is a medicinal plant which is used in various ailments. It is one of the most archaic and essential plant, belonging to the family Polypodiaceae. It contains organic substances such as resin, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, protein, reducing sugar and inorganic substances like calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulphur, iron and chloride. It is used in Unani system of medicine for the treatment of sorethroat, stomach-aches, leprosy, melancholia, spleenomegaly, haemorrhoids, rheumatic swelling of the joints etc. Besides this, it has other pharmacological activities too such as antiepileptic, neuro-psychopharmacological, antipyretic, antibiotic, antiviral etc. This review paper discuses the medicinal values of Polypodium vulgare Linn. in Unani medicine as well as its modern pharmacology and gives a new impetus to utilize Bisfaij in various disorders. Keywords: Bisfaij, Polypodium vulgare Linn, Phytopharmacology, Unani Medicine.

Objective : To establish diagnostic role of CSF C-reactive protein quantitatively in meningitis. Method: It is a prospective observational study conducted at tertiary care centre in south Rajasthan. Total 100 patients were included and allocated into three groups based on clinical signs and symptoms; group-I Bacterial meningitis (n=50), group-II Tubercular meningitis (n=30) and group-III Control group (n=20). Along with other appropriate investigations, quantitative CSF C-reactive protein (CRP) was assayed and data were analysed to set a diagnostic level and sensitivity and specificity of CSF C-reactive protein (CRP) in meningitis Result : In group-I patients CSF CRP value was 3.172.68 g/ml; in group-II CSF CRP value was 0.080.12 g/ml and in group-III CSF CRP value was 0.030.02 g/ml. The CSF CRP value in bacterial meningitis is significantly higher than tubercular meningitis and control (P value 0.001). The CSF CRP value >0.1 g/ml has sensitivity 98.07%, specificity 96.00%, positive predictive value 96.22%, and negative predictive value 97.95%. Conclusion : CSF CRP can easily differentiate bacterial meningitis from other meningitis with greater sensitivity and specificity.

Objective : To establish diagnostic role of CSF C-reactive protein quantitatively in meningitis. Method: It is a prospective observational study conducted at tertiary care centre in south Rajasthan. Total 100 patients were included and allocated into three groups based on clinical signs and symptoms; group-I Bacterial meningitis (n=50), group-II Tubercular meningitis (n=30) and group-III Control group (n=20). Along with other appropriate investigations, quantitative CSF C-reactive protein (CRP) was assayed and data were analysed to set a diagnostic level and sensitivity and specificity of CSF C-reactive protein (CRP) in meningitis Result : In group-I patients CSF CRP value was 3.172.68 g/ml; in group-II CSF CRP value was 0.080.12 g/ml and in group-III CSF CRP value was 0.030.02 g/ml. The CSF CRP value in bacterial meningitis is significantly higher than tubercular meningitis and control (P value 0.001). The CSF CRP value >0.1 g/ml has sensitivity 98.07%, specificity 96.00%, positive predictive value 96.22%, and negative predictive value 97.95%. Conclusion : CSF CRP can easily differentiate bacterial meningitis from other meningitis with greater sensitivity and specificity.