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This chapter focuses on group discussion sessions targeting the Priority Areas of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. Day one group discussion session efforts were on Priority Area One—Understanding Disaster Risks; and Day two emphasis was on Priority Areas 2, 3 and 4.

This chapter focuses on group discussion sessions targeting the Priority Areas of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. Day one group discussion session efforts were on Priority Area One—Understanding Disaster Risks; and Day two emphasis was on Priority Areas 2, 3 and 4.

Dynamic Software Product Lines (DSPLs) are a well-accepted approach to self-adaptation at runtime. In the context of DSPLs, there are plenty of reactive approaches that apply countermeasures as soon as a context change happens. In this paper we propose a proactive approach, PRODSPL, that exploits an automatically learnt model of the system, anticipates future variations of the system and generates the best DSPL configuration that can lessen the negative impact of future events on the quality requirements of the system. Predicting the future fosters adaptations that are good for a longer time and therefore reduces the number of reconfigurations required, making the system more stable. PRODSPL formulates the problem of the generation of dynamic reconfigurations as a proactive controller over a prediction horizon, which includes a mapping of the valid configurations of the DSPL into linear constraints. Our approach is evaluated and compared with a reactive approach, DAGAME, also based on a DSPL, which uses a genetic algorithm to generate quasi-optimal feature model configurations at runtime. PRODSPL has been evaluated using a strategy mobile game and a set of randomly generated feature models. The evaluation shows that PRODSPL gives good results with regard to the quality of the configurations generated when it tries anticipate future events. Moreover, in doing so, PRODSPL enforces the system to make as few reconfigurations as possible.

Tele-rehabilitation can complement traditional rehabilitation therapies by providing valuable information that can help in the evaluation, monitoring, and treatment of patients. Many patient tele-monitoring systems that integrate wearable technology are emerging as an effective tool for the long-term surveillance of rehabilitation progression, enabling continuous sampling of patient real-time movement in a non-invasive way, without affecting the normal daily activity of the outpatient, who, therefore, will not need to make frequent clinic visits. One of the main challenges of tele-rehabilitation systems is to pay special attention to the diversity of dysfunctions in patients by offering devices with customized behaviours adaptable to the physical conditions of each patient at the different stages of the rehabilitation therapy. Long-term monitoring systems need an adaptation policy to autonomously reconfigure their behaviour according to vital signs read during the physical activity of the patient, the remaining battery level, or the required accuracy of collected data. However, it would alsobe desirable to adjust such adaptation policies over time, according to the patient's evolution. This work presents a wearable patient-monitoring system for tele-rehabilitation that is able to dynamically self-configure its internal behaviour to the current context of the outpatient according to a set of adaptation policies that optimize battery consumption, taking into account other QoS parameters at the same time. Our system is also able to self-adapt its internal adaptation policies as a patient's condition improves, while maintaining the system's efficiency. We illustrate our proposal with a real mHealth case study. The results of the experiments show that the system updates the adaptation policies, taking into account specific indicators of the disease. The validation results show that the evolution of the self-adaptation policies correlates with the progression of different

The devastating 2015 earthquakes in Nepal highlighted the need for effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) in mountains, which are inherently subject to hazards and increasingly vulnerable to extreme events. As multiple UN policy frameworks stress, DRR is crucial to mitigate the mounting environmental and socioeconomic costs of disasters globally. However, specialized DRR guidelines are needed for biodiverse, multi-hazard regions like mountains. Ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) emphasizes ecosystem conservation, restoration, and sustainable management as key elements for DRR. We propose that integrating the emerging field of Eco-DRR with community-based DRR (CB-DRR) will help address the increasing vulnerabilities of mountain people and ecosystems. Drawing on a global mountain synthesis, we present paradoxes that create challenges for DRR in mountains and examine these paradoxes through examples from the 2015 Nepal earthquakes. We propose four principles for integrated CB- and Eco-DRR that address these challenges: (1) governance and institutional arrangements that fit local needs; (2) empowerment and capacity-building to strengthen community resilience; (3) discovery and sharing of constructive practices that combine local and scientific knowledge; and (4) approaches focused on well-being and equity. We illustrate the reinforcing relationship between integrated CB- and Eco-DRR principles with examples from other mountain systems worldwide. Coordinated community and ecosystem-based actions offer a potential path to achieve DRR, climate adaptation, sustainable development, and biodiversity conservation for vulnerable ecosystems and communities worldwide.

Mountain systems are very diverse and so is the pattern of natural hazards. Worldwide disaster databases show that associated human and economic losses are significant but vary greatly between and within mountain regions. Continued changes in climate, land use and socio-economic conditions are likely to lead to vastly altered mountain landscapes in the future, with associated implications for hazards and impacts on sustainable mountain development.

Mountain systems are very diverse and so is the pattern of natural hazards. Worldwide disaster databases show that associated human and economic losses are significant but vary greatly between and within mountain regions. Continued changes in climate, land use and socio-economic conditions are likely to lead to vastly altered mountain landscapes in the future, with associated implications for hazards and impacts on sustainable mountain development.

The Global Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes held its 3rd Global Summit of Research Institutes for Disaster Risk Reduction at the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan, 19–21 March, 2017. The Global Alliance seeks to contribute to enhancing disaster risk reduction (DRR) and disaster resilience through the collaboration of research organizations around the world. The summit aim was to expand the platform for bridging science and policy making by evaluating the evidence base needed to meet the expected outcomes and actions of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and its Science and Technology Roadmap. The summit reflected the international nature of collaborative research and action. A pre-conference questionnaire filled out by Global Alliance members identified 323 research projects that are indicative of current research. These were categorized to support seven parallel discussion sessions related to the Sendai Framework priorities for action. Four discussion sessions focused on research that aims to deepen the understanding of disaster risks. Three cross-cutting sessions focused on research that is aimed at the priorities for action on governance, resilience, and recovery. Discussion summaries were presented in plenary sessions in support of outcomes for widely enhancing the science and policy of DRR.

The Global Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes held its 3rd Global Summit of Research Institutes for Disaster Risk Reduction at the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan, 19–21 March, 2017. The Global Alliance seeks to contribute to enhancing disaster risk reduction (DRR) and disaster resilience through the collaboration of research organizations around the world. The summit aim was to expand the platform for bridging science and policy making by evaluating the evidence base needed to meet the expected outcomes and actions of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and its Science and Technology Roadmap. The summit reflected the international nature of collaborative research and action. A pre-conference questionnaire filled out by Global Alliance members identified 323 research projects that are indicative of current research. These were categorized to support seven parallel discussion sessions related to the Sendai Framework priorities for action. Four discussion sessions focused on research that aims to deepen the understanding of disaster risks. Three cross-cutting sessions focused on research that is aimed at the priorities for action on governance, resilience, and recovery. Discussion summaries were presented in plenary sessions in support of outcomes for widely enhancing the science and policy of DRR.

The Global Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes held its 3rd Global Summit of Research Institutes for Disaster Risk Reduction at the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan, 19–21 March, 2017. The Global Alliance seeks to contribute to enhancing disaster risk reduction (DRR) and disaster resilience through the collaboration of research organizations around the world. The summit aim was to expand the platform for bridging science and policy making by evaluating the evidence base needed to meet the expected outcomes and actions of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and its Science and Technology Roadmap. The summit reflected the international nature of collaborative research and action. A pre-conference questionnaire filled out by Global Alliance members identified 323 research projects that are indicative of current research. These were categorized to support seven parallel discussion sessions related to the Sendai Framework priorities for action. Four discussion sessions focused on research that aims to deepen the understanding of disaster risks. Three cross-cutting sessions focused on research that is aimed at the priorities for action on governance, resilience, and recovery. Discussion summaries were presented in plenary sessions in support of outcomes for widely enhancing the science and policy of DRR.

Barcelona és avui dia una de les ciutats amb més trànsit de tota Europa. Els seus carrers són recorreguts cada dia per milers de vehicles amb trajectòries molt diverses. L'Eixample és dins del conglomerat urbà una zona marcadament singular, les característiques de la qual seran el marc del present estudi, que tractarà des de l'arrel les qüestions que afecten al trànsit en una zona delimitada que comprèn, aproximadament, el vuitanta per cent d'aquest carismàtic barri de la ciutat. Des dels anys setanta, cap projecte havia partit de zero amb l'afany de renovar tot el dispositiu de regulació del trànsit en la zona dins la qual aquest estudi incideix. Des d'aleshores, l'Eixample ha comptat amb infinitat de canvis que mai han afectat les bases del plantejament de trànsit que fa trenta anys va fer-se i que, valgui dir-ho, ha aguantat l'increment de circulació constant, que no s'ha aturat, fins l'actualitat. El propòsit és estudiar el comportament del trànsit d'una manera profunda amb tot el detall necessari partint de dades numèriques històriques en forma i contingut apropiats. Aquestes dades han estat recopilades durant l'any 2003 directament des de punts de mesura situats a la zona d'estudi. La intensitat del trànsit i el temps d'ocupació d'aquests punts de mesura són els protagonistes i els fonaments de tot el procés que s'ha seguit fins arribar al resultat. L'Ajuntament de Barcelona ha estat qui ha subministrat aquestes dades històriques i, de ben aprop, ha seguit les evolucions d'aquest projecte, que com a principal objectiu ha tingut en tot moment servir les pautes per a una implantació realista, directa i fàcil en la realitat. Els resultats als quals arriba l'estudi són uns nous plans de trànsit especialment dissenyats per ser usats durant les vint-i-quatre hores del dia durant els dies més conflictius dels set de la setmana: els dies laborables. Cadascun dels plans estan provistos amb totes les dades necessàries per a la regulació de les cruïlles de l'Eixample, de

In this paper we present the basic concepts underlying the chemical bath deposition technique and the recipes developed in our laboratory during the past ten years for the deposition of good-quality thin films of CdS, CdSe, ZnS, ZnSe, PbS, SnS, Bi2 S 3 , Bi2 Se3 , Sb2 S 3 , CuS, CuSe, etc. Typical growth curves, and optical and electrical properties of these films are presented. The effect of annealing the films in air on their structure and composition and on the electrical properties is notable: CdS and ZnS films become conductive through a partial conversion to oxide phase; CdSe becomes photosensitive, SnS converts to SnO2 , etc. The use of precipitates formed during deposition for screen printing and sintering, in polymer composites and as a source for vapor-phase deposition is presented. Some examples of the application of the films in solar energy related work are presented.

In this paper we present the basic concepts underlying the chemical bath deposition technique and the recipes developed in our laboratory during the past ten years for the deposition of good-quality thin films of CdS, CdSe, ZnS, ZnSe, PbS, SnS, Bi2 S 3 , Bi2 Se3 , Sb2 S 3 , CuS, CuSe, etc. Typical growth curves, and optical and electrical properties of these films are presented. The effect of annealing the films in air on their structure and composition and on the electrical properties is notable: CdS and ZnS films become conductive through a partial conversion to oxide phase; CdSe becomes photosensitive, SnS converts to SnO2 , etc. The use of precipitates formed during deposition for screen printing and sintering, in polymer composites and as a source for vapor-phase deposition is presented. Some examples of the application of the films in solar energy related work are presented.