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Personal transportation as we know it is being reimagined thanks to the introduction of autonomous electric vehicles. With autonomous vehicles (AV) on the rise, especially for Transportation Network Companies (TNC), it is expected that the experience inside of the vehicle cabin will be tailored engineered for riders, not drivers. As a result, customer-facing attributes such as noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) will need to be considered with a new perspective. Of the many challenges in developing NVH performance of an AV, road noise and component noise have, and continue, to require the most amount of development and refinement effort. It is well known that a critical component in the chain from the tire-road interface to the occupant’s ears is the tire-wheel assembly and, therefore, allocating targets for this subsystem is essential. When in motion, the tire-wheel system possesses complex structural-acoustic properties like centrifugal, gyroscopic, fluid-structure coupling, pre-load effects, and excitation that may be described by random enforced motion at the tire contact patch and road interface. Component targets are derived by experimental and virtual methods, enabling simulation-driven product development. For tire testing and development, experimental methods are often limited by the availability of complex and expensive test infrastructure. An alternative approach is explored in order to develop tire-wheel subsystem targets using experimental tests and virtual methods applying transmissibility theory with multiple degrees of freedom based on frequency response functions derived at free-free boundary conditions., QC 20240125

The field of Heliophysics has a branding problem. We need an answer to the question: ``What is Heliophysics\?'', the answer to which should clearly and succinctly defines our science in a compelling way that simultaneously introduces a sense of wonder and exploration into our science and our missions. Unfortunately, recent over-reliance on space weather to define our field, as opposed to simply using it as a practical and relatable example of applied Heliophysics science, narrows the scope of what solar and space physics is and diminishes its fundamental importance. Moving forward, our community needs to be bold and unabashed in our definition of Heliophysics and its big questions. We should emphasize the general and fundamental importance and excitement of our science with a new mindset that generalizes and expands the definition of Heliophysics to include new ``frontiers'' of increasing interest to the community. Heliophysics should be unbound from its current confinement to the Sun-Earth connection and expanded to studies of the fundamental nature of space plasma physics across the solar system and greater cosmos. Finally, we need to come together as a community to advance our science by envisioning, prioritizing, and supporting -- with a unified voice -- a set of bold new missions that target compelling science questions - even if they do not explore the traditional Sun- and Earth-centric aspects of Heliophysics science. Such new, large missions to expand the frontiers and scope of Heliophysics science large missions can be the key to galvanizing the public and policymakers to support the overall Heliophysics program.

The management of free-roaming horses (Equus ferus) and burros (E. asinus) in the United States has been referred to as a “wicked problem” because, although there are population control options, societal values will ultimately determine what is acceptable and what is not. In the United States, free-roaming equids are managed by different types of organizations and agencies, and the landscapes that these animals inhabit vary widely in terms of access, size, topography, climate, natural resources, flora, and fauna. This landscape diversity, coupled with contemporary socioeconomic and political environments, means that adaptive management practices are needed to regulate these free-roaming populations. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) currently manages free-roaming equids on 177 herd management areas in the United States by applying fertility control measures in situ and/or removing horses, which are either adopted by private individuals or sent to long-term holding facilities. The BLM off-range population currently includes >50,000 animals and costs approximately $50 million USD per year to maintain; on-range equid numbers were estimated in March 2022 to be approximately 82,384. On-range populations can grow at 15-20% annually, and current estimates far exceed the designated appropriate management level of 26,715. To reduce population recruitment, managers need better information about effective, long-lasting, or permanent fertility control measures. Because mares breed only once a year, fertility control studies take years to complete. Some contraceptive approaches have been studied for decades, and results from various trials can collectively inform future research directions and actions. Employing one or more fertility control tools in concert with removals offers the best potential for success. Active, iterative, cooperative, and thoughtful management practices can protect free-roaming horses while simultaneously protecting the habitat. Herein, we review con

IDFG Report Number 22-105. Published March 2022. Period covered CY 2021.

IDFG Report Number 22-105. Published March 2022. Period covered CY 2021.

Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game, Div. of Fisheries report published June 2018. Period covered: 2017.

Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Fisheries report published in March 2017. Period covered: 2016.

Background: Many Antarctic notothenioid fish are considered losers of global change, due to their low thermal tolerance and lack of regulative mechanisms that enhance physiological plasticity. The Austral nototheniid congener Notothenia angustata provides an alternative model to explore the effects of ocean acidification and warming, as it inhabits cold temperate to subpolar waters. It is a eurythermal species, with greater capacities for thermal acclimation relative to Antarctic congeners, and therefore presents a useful model against which Antarctic notothenioids can be contrasted. Methods: We investigated the long-term effects of hypercarbic acclimation on whole animal and cardiac mitochondrial function for the Austral nototheniid Notothenia angustata. Fish were acclimated under hypercarbic (0.2 kPa CO2, 15 days, n=6) and normocarbic conditions (control 0.04 kPa CO2, n=10). Routine metabolic rates (RMR) were determined with acute increases in temperature (3°C/d) under normocarbic and hypercarbic conditions. Mitochondrial function was then tested within permeabilised cardiac muscle fibres, and assays conducted in normocarbic (0.04 kPa CO2) and hypercarbic (3.0 kPa CO2) media at 9, 15 and 21°C. Metabolic profiles were determined in red skeletal muscle. Findings: Whole animal critical temperature thresholds occurred below 19°C for normocarbic exposed fish, while acutely hypercarbic exposed fish maintained routine metabolic rates up to 21oC. Overall mitochondria mirrored the responses of acutely exposed whole animals, with an increased mitochondrial performance in fish acclimated to chronic hypercarbia. Chronically hypercarbic exposed animals also exhibited altered metabolomes of red muscle, but not liver with apparent increases in metabolites consistent with enhanced anaerobic metabolism and elevated contents of histidine and tryptophan that may contribute to acid-base buffering. Conclusions: Overall enhanced cardiac mitochondrial capacities coincide with increasing

Background: Many Antarctic notothenioid fish are considered losers of global change, due to their low thermal tolerance and lack of regulative mechanisms that enhance physiological plasticity. The Austral nototheniid congener Notothenia angustata provides an alternative model to explore the effects of ocean acidification and warming, as it inhabits cold temperate to subpolar waters. It is a eurythermal species, with greater capacities for thermal acclimation relative to Antarctic congeners, and therefore presents a useful model against which Antarctic notothenioids can be contrasted. Methods: We investigated the long-term effects of hypercarbic acclimation on whole animal and cardiac mitochondrial function for the Austral nototheniid Notothenia angustata. Fish were acclimated under hypercarbic (0.2 kPa CO2, 15 days, n=6) and normocarbic conditions (control 0.04 kPa CO2, n=10). Routine metabolic rates (RMR) were determined with acute increases in temperature (3°C/d) under normocarbic and hypercarbic conditions. Mitochondrial function was then tested within permeabilised cardiac muscle fibres, and assays conducted in normocarbic (0.04 kPa CO2) and hypercarbic (3.0 kPa CO2) media at 9, 15 and 21°C. Metabolic profiles were determined in red skeletal muscle. Findings: Whole animal critical temperature thresholds occurred below 19°C for normocarbic exposed fish, while acutely hypercarbic exposed fish maintained routine metabolic rates up to 21oC. Overall mitochondria mirrored the responses of acutely exposed whole animals, with an increased mitochondrial performance in fish acclimated to chronic hypercarbia. Chronically hypercarbic exposed animals also exhibited altered metabolomes of red muscle, but not liver with apparent increases in metabolites consistent with enhanced anaerobic metabolism and elevated contents of histidine and tryptophan that may contribute to acid-base buffering. Conclusions: Overall enhanced cardiac mitochondrial capacities coincide with increasing

Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game, Fisheries Div. Report Number 16-04. Fishery Research.

Double Fortune is a novel relating events taking place in Miami, Central America, and The Bahama Bank in October and November, 1983. The main character, Michael Hayden, is a free-lance music producer who has become jaded and impotent. A chance encounter on the Bay with Marisol, a Salvadoran heiress, and Hector, her brother, propels him into a complex plot to expatriate money through U.S. government channels. Willy, a brooding Cuban bodyguard hired to protect and instruct the Salvadorans, emerges as both nemesis and key to the duplicities of the scheme. The final showdown involves the four of them on the water above the Cay Sal Bank, a part of the Bahamas equidistant to their disparate worlds.

Baker, D. & Heaney, N. (2015). Practical examples of the implementation of high-intensity aerobic energy system conditioning methods for field sports. Journal of Australian Strength and Conditioning, 23(7), 60-67. Available here

Baker, D. (2015). Practical examples of the implementation of high-intensity aerobic energy system conditioning methods for field sports. Journal of Australian Strength and Conditioning, 23(3), 29-38. Available here