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Background: ROSE-010, a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, reduces gastrointestinal motility and relieves acute pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The rat small bowel migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) is a reliable model of pharmacological effects on gastrointestinal motility. Accordingly, we investigated whether ROSE-010 works through GLP-1 receptors in gut musculature and its effectiveness when administered by pulmonary inhalation. Materials and methods: Rats were implanted with bipolar electrodes at 5, 15 and 25 cm distal to pylorus and myoelectric activity was recorded. First, intravenous or subcutaneous injections of ROSE-010 or GLP-1 (1, 10, 100 mu g/kg) with or without the GLP-1 receptor blocker exendin(9-39)amide (300 mu g/kg.h), were studied. Second, ROSE-010 (100, 200 mu g/kg) Technosphere (R) powder was studied by inhalation. Results: The baseline MMC cycle length was 17.5 +/- 0.8 min. GLP-1 and ROSE-010. administered intravenously or subcutaneously, significantly inhibited myoelectric activity and prolonged MMC cycling; 100 mu g/kg completely inhibited spiking activity for 49.1 +/- 4.2 and 73.3 +/- 7.7 min, while the MMC cycle length increased to 131.1 +/- 11.4 and 149.3 +/- 15.5 min, respectively. Effects of both drugs were inhibited by exendin(9-39) amide. Insufflation of ROSE-010 (100, 200 mu g/kg) powder formulation totally inhibited myoelectric spiking for 52.6 +/- 5.8 and 70.1 +/- 5.4 min, and increased MMC cycle length to 102.6 +/- 18.3 and 105.9 +/- 9.5 min, respectively. Conclusions: Pulmonary delivery of ROSE-010 inhibits gut motility through the GLP-1R similar to natural GLP-1. ROSE-010 causes receptor-mediated inhibition of MMC comparable to that of intravenous or subcutaneous administration. This suggests that ROSE-010 administered as a Technosphere (R) inhalation powder has potential in IBS pain management and treatment.

The electrochemical properties of single-wall carbon nanotube ~CNT! electrodes in the form of sheets or papers have been examined. Thermal annealing has produced significant changes in a range of properties of the material including increased hydrophobicity and elimination of electroactive surface functional groups and other impurities. As a result of these changes, the treated electrodes exhibit lower double-layer capacitance, absence of faradaic responses and associated pseudocapacitance, and a better frequency response. The basic electrochemical behavior of the CNT paper electrodes is not markedly affected by relatively large differences in electrolyte ion size, consistent with an average pore size of 9 nm. Increases in both CNT sheet thickness and surface area induce a slower electrode response in agreement with the porous nature of the electrode matrix.

The electrochemical properties of single-wall carbon nanotube ~CNT! electrodes in the form of sheets or papers have been examined. Thermal annealing has produced significant changes in a range of properties of the material including increased hydrophobicity and elimination of electroactive surface functional groups and other impurities. As a result of these changes, the treated electrodes exhibit lower double-layer capacitance, absence of faradaic responses and associated pseudocapacitance, and a better frequency response. The basic electrochemical behavior of the CNT paper electrodes is not markedly affected by relatively large differences in electrolyte ion size, consistent with an average pore size of 9 nm. Increases in both CNT sheet thickness and surface area induce a slower electrode response in agreement with the porous nature of the electrode matrix.

The electrochemical properties of single-wall carbon nanotube ~CNT! electrodes in the form of sheets or papers have been examined. Thermal annealing has produced significant changes in a range of properties of the material including increased hydrophobicity and elimination of electroactive surface functional groups and other impurities. As a result of these changes, the treated electrodes exhibit lower double-layer capacitance, absence of faradaic responses and associated pseudocapacitance, and a better frequency response. The basic electrochemical behavior of the CNT paper electrodes is not markedly affected by relatively large differences in electrolyte ion size, consistent with an average pore size of 9 nm. Increases in both CNT sheet thickness and surface area induce a slower electrode response in agreement with the porous nature of the electrode matrix.

The electrochemical properties of single-wall carbon nanotube ~CNT! electrodes in the form of sheets or papers have been examined. Thermal annealing has produced significant changes in a range of properties of the material including increased hydrophobicity and elimination of electroactive surface functional groups and other impurities. As a result of these changes, the treated electrodes exhibit lower double-layer capacitance, absence of faradaic responses and associated pseudocapacitance, and a better frequency response. The basic electrochemical behavior of the CNT paper electrodes is not markedly affected by relatively large differences in electrolyte ion size, consistent with an average pore size of 9 nm. Increases in both CNT sheet thickness and surface area induce a slower electrode response in agreement with the porous nature of the electrode matrix.

We present studies of novel nanocomposites of BiNi impregnated into the structure of opals as well as inverse opals. Atomic force microscopy and high resolution elemental analyses show a highly ordered structure and uniform distribution of the BiNi filler in the matrix. These BiNi-based nanocomposites are found to exhibit distinct ferromagnetic-like ordering with transition temperature of about 675 K. As far as we know there exists no report in literature on any BiNi compound which is magnetic., QC 20100525

Three dimensional Ni and NiO inverse opal macromeshes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (SEM). The octahedral cubes of the macroporous Ni were found mostly grown as single crystals with staking faults and microtwins. There was no preferential growth of these cubes as determined by selected area diffraction pattern (SADP). Some NiO nanocrystals with size of about 5 nm were formed on the surface of inverse Ni opal membrane during etching away of silica spheres. The oxidation of Ni mesh turned it into NiO macromesh with grain size of about 20 nm at 550 deg C. The nanocrystalline NiO mesh is suitable for further fabrication of three dimensional nanobeads. By annealing the meshes at 650 deg C, the NiO nanograins grew to a size of over 50 nm. This three dimensional ordered macroporous structure with higher temperature treatment is considered as stable and important for further application., Pub in: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Volume 703. This article is from ADA401575 Nanophase and Nanocomposite Materials IV held in Boston, Massachusetts on November 26-29, 2001

The cyclic voltammetric responses and capacitive behavior of single-walled carbon nanotube sheets or papers are described. Broad redox responses have been observed in aqueous solutions that are probably due to the presence of oxygen-containing groups bound to the surface of the nanotubes or to the impurities produced during nanotube purification. The voltammetry and capacitance of the nanotube paper do not vary significantly when the chemical nature of the electrolyte ions is changed. In nonaqueous media, no redox responses are produced except in solutions of Li1, where an intense reduction response, possibly due to lithium insertion into the nanotube bundles, is observed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in aqueous solutions reveals the typical features associated with a porous material. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies in both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes show that the mass of the nanotube film increases as the potential is made more negative. These mass changes are affected by, but are not directly proportional to, the cation mass. In acetonitrile solutions of Li1, a significant increase in mass associated with the suggested insertion of the cation is observed.

The cyclic voltammetric responses and capacitive behavior of single-walled carbon nanotube sheets or papers are described. Broad redox responses have been observed in aqueous solutions that are probably due to the presence of oxygen-containing groups bound to the surface of the nanotubes or to the impurities produced during nanotube purification. The voltammetry and capacitance of the nanotube paper do not vary significantly when the chemical nature of the electrolyte ions is changed. In nonaqueous media, no redox responses are produced except in solutions of Li1, where an intense reduction response, possibly due to lithium insertion into the nanotube bundles, is observed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in aqueous solutions reveals the typical features associated with a porous material. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies in both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes show that the mass of the nanotube film increases as the potential is made more negative. These mass changes are affected by, but are not directly proportional to, the cation mass. In acetonitrile solutions of Li1, a significant increase in mass associated with the suggested insertion of the cation is observed.

The cyclic voltammetric responses and capacitive behavior of single-walled carbon nanotube sheets or papers are described. Broad redox responses have been observed in aqueous solutions that are probably due to the presence of oxygen-containing groups bound to the surface of the nanotubes or to the impurities produced during nanotube purification. The voltammetry and capacitance of the nanotube paper do not vary significantly when the chemical nature of the electrolyte ions is changed. In nonaqueous media, no redox responses are produced except in solutions of Li1, where an intense reduction response, possibly due to lithium insertion into the nanotube bundles, is observed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in aqueous solutions reveals the typical features associated with a porous material. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies in both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes show that the mass of the nanotube film increases as the potential is made more negative. These mass changes are affected by, but are not directly proportional to, the cation mass. In acetonitrile solutions of Li1, a significant increase in mass associated with the suggested insertion of the cation is observed.

The cyclic voltammetric responses and capacitive behavior of single-walled carbon nanotube sheets or papers are described. Broad redox responses have been observed in aqueous solutions that are probably due to the presence of oxygen-containing groups bound to the surface of the nanotubes or to the impurities produced during nanotube purification. The voltammetry and capacitance of the nanotube paper do not vary significantly when the chemical nature of the electrolyte ions is changed. In nonaqueous media, no redox responses are produced except in solutions of Li1, where an intense reduction response, possibly due to lithium insertion into the nanotube bundles, is observed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in aqueous solutions reveals the typical features associated with a porous material. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies in both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes show that the mass of the nanotube film increases as the potential is made more negative. These mass changes are affected by, but are not directly proportional to, the cation mass. In acetonitrile solutions of Li1, a significant increase in mass associated with the suggested insertion of the cation is observed.

Electromechanical actuators based on sheets of single-walled carbon nanotubes were shown to generate higher stresses than natural muscle and higher strains than high-modulus ferroelectrics. Like natural muscles, the macroscopic actuators are assemblies of billions of individual nanoscale actuators. The actuation mechanism (quantum chemical-based expansion due to electrochemical double-layer charging) does not require ion intercalation, which limits the life and rate of faradaic conducting polymer actuators. Unlike conventional ferroelectric actuators, low operating voltages of a few volts generate large actuator strains. Predictions based on measurements suggest that actuators using optimized nanotube sheets may eventually provide substantially higher work densities per cycle than any previously known technology.

Electromechanical actuators based on sheets of single-walled carbon nanotubes were shown to generate higher stresses than natural muscle and higher strains than high-modulus ferroelectrics. Like natural muscles, the macroscopic actuators are assemblies of billions of individual nanoscale actuators. The actuation mechanism (quantum chemical-based expansion due to electrochemical double-layer charging) does not require ion intercalation, which limits the life and rate of faradaic conducting polymer actuators. Unlike conventional ferroelectric actuators, low operating voltages of a few volts generate large actuator strains. Predictions based on measurements suggest that actuators using optimized nanotube sheets may eventually provide substantially higher work densities per cycle than any previously known technology.

Electromechanical actuators based on sheets of single-walled carbon nanotubes were shown to generate higher stresses than natural muscle and higher strains than high-modulus ferroelectrics. Like natural muscles, the macroscopic actuators are assemblies of billions of individual nanoscale actuators. The actuation mechanism (quantum chemical-based expansion due to electrochemical double-layer charging) does not require ion intercalation, which limits the life and rate of faradaic conducting polymer actuators. Unlike conventional ferroelectric actuators, low operating voltages of a few volts generate large actuator strains. Predictions based on measurements suggest that actuators using optimized nanotube sheets may eventually provide substantially higher work densities per cycle than any previously known technology.

Electromechanical actuators based on sheets of single-walled carbon nanotubes were shown to generate higher stresses than natural muscle and higher strains than high-modulus ferroelectrics. Like natural muscles, the macroscopic actuators are assemblies of billions of individual nanoscale actuators. The actuation mechanism (quantum chemical-based expansion due to electrochemical double-layer charging) does not require ion intercalation, which limits the life and rate of faradaic conducting polymer actuators. Unlike conventional ferroelectric actuators, low operating voltages of a few volts generate large actuator strains. Predictions based on measurements suggest that actuators using optimized nanotube sheets may eventually provide substantially higher work densities per cycle than any previously known technology.

Synthetic quartz crystals are traditionally grown from a crystalline nutrient. Most of the present crystal growth is from natural quartz nutrient imported from Brazil. This material is handpicked for quality but does have limited purity levels. The raw material may or may not contain levels of impurities that are detrimental to the intended purpose of the grown crystal. Impurity concentration and species of natural lascus are not uniform or consistent even when produced from the same source of supply., This article is from the Proceedings of the Symposium on Frequency Control (36th Annual), 2-4 Jun 82, Philadelphia, PA., AD-A130 811, p82-89.

The effect of hardness, surface finish and grain size upon the compressive rolling contact fatigue strength of M-50 bearing steel has been studied. Considerable testing on the RC Rig and statistical treatment methods have been included. A mathematical expression relating these variables to life expectancy is presented and the optimization of these variables is discussed. It is shown that bearing fatigue of M50 increases by increasing hardness, decreasing surface, and increasing grain size. The optimum life identified occurs at Rc 64 hardness, 1.5 RMS surface finish, and a grain size of ASTM 2