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When nanoparticles interact with human blood, a multitude of plasma components adsorb onto the surface of the nanoparticles, forming a biomolecular corona. Corona composition is known to be influenced by the chemical composition of nanoparticles. In contrast, the possible effects of variations in the human blood proteome between healthy individuals on the formation of the corona and its subsequent interactions with immune cells in blood are unknown. Herein, we prepared and examined a matrix of 11 particles (including organic and inorganic particles of three sizes and five surface chemistries) and plasma samples from 23 healthy donors to form donor-specific biomolecular coronas (personalized coronas) and investigated the impact of the personalized coronas on particle interactions with immune cells in human blood. Among the particles examined, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated mesoporous silica (MS) particles, irrespective of particle size (800, 450, or 100 nm in diameter), displayed the widest range (up to 60-fold difference) of donor-dependent variance in immune cell association. In contrast, PEG particles (after MS core removal) of 860, 518, or 133 nm in diameter displayed consistent stealth behavior (negligible cell association), irrespective of plasma donor. For comparison, clinically relevant PEGylated doxorubicin-encapsulated liposomes (Doxil) (74 nm in diameter) showed significant variance in association with monocytes and B cells across all plasma donors studied. An in-depth proteomic analysis of each biomolecular corona studied was performed, and the results were compared against the nanoparticle-blood cell association results, with individual variance in the proteome driving differential association with specific immune cell types. We identified key immunoglobulin and complement proteins that explicitly enriched or depleted within the corona and which strongly correlated with the cell association pattern observed across the 23 donors. This study demonstrat

A Best Professional Judgment (BPJ) exercise was performed to determine the level of agreement among experts in evaluating the ecological states of western North American rocky intertidal communities. Species-abundance and environmental data from 12 central and 11 southern California sites were provided to 14 experts who independently ranked communities from best to worst and assigned each to one of five categories based on the degree of deviation from an expected natural biological state. Experts achieved Spearman correlations of 0.49 (central California) and 0.30 (southern California) in their rankings and averaged 75.4% and 70.0% Euclidean Similarity (ES) in their community evaluations. These ES values compare favorably with agreement levels found for similar exercises with soft bottom macroinvertebrate assemblages. The experts emphasized macrophytes with functional characteristics related to morphology and sessile macroinvertebrates in their assessments. Several challenges were noted in interpreting rocky intertidal data sets, the most prominent of which are high spatial and temporal variation and site-to-site differences in natural disturbance regimes, features that lead to multiple, expected community states. Experts required detailed, physical habitat descriptions to develop community composition expectations that differed for different shore types, and expressed concern about evaluating rocky intertidal communities based on only a single sampling event. Distinguishing natural from anthropogenic disturbance without information on the sources and magnitudes of anthropogenic perturbation was also found to be challenging because the biological responses to these stressors are often similar. This study underscores the need for long-term data sets that describe the dynamics of populations and communities and rigorous testing of expert judgments to firmly establish broadly applicable and consistent links between community states and anthropogenic stressors on rocky

A Best Professional Judgment (BPJ) exercise was performed to determine the level of agreement among experts in evaluating the ecological states of western North American rocky intertidal communities. Species-abundance and environmental data from 12 central and 11 southern California sites were provided to 14 experts who independently ranked communities from best to worst and assigned each to one of five categories based on the degree of deviation from an expected natural biological state. Experts achieved Spearman correlations of 0.49 (central California) and 0.30 (southern California) in their rankings and averaged 75.4% and 70.0% Euclidean Similarity (ES) in their community evaluations. These ES values compare favorably with agreement levels found for similar exercises with soft bottom macroinvertebrate assemblages. The experts emphasized macrophytes with functional characteristics related to morphology and sessile macroinvertebrates in their assessments. Several challenges were noted in interpreting rocky intertidal data sets, the most prominent of which are high spatial and temporal variation and site-to-site differences in natural disturbance regimes, features that lead to multiple, expected community states. Experts required detailed, physical habitat descriptions to develop community composition expectations that differed for different shore types, and expressed concern about evaluating rocky intertidal communities based on only a single sampling event. Distinguishing natural from anthropogenic disturbance without information on the sources and magnitudes of anthropogenic perturbation was also found to be challenging because the biological responses to these stressors are often similar. This study underscores the need for long-term data sets that describe the dynamics of populations and communities and rigorous testing of expert judgments to firmly establish broadly applicable and consistent links between community states and anthropogenic stressors on rocky