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This is an attempt to develop a full continuous adjoint formulation to optimize an industrial turbomachine based on an adjoint solver (adjointOptimisationFoam) in OpenFoam v2206. The adjoint equations are derived using incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and the k-? SST turbulence model. The adjoint equations are first derived from the primary flow equations while the Coriolis force is added to the momentum equation. Then, the desired boundary conditions for the primary flow equations are employed to develop the adjoint boundary conditions while taking Mechanical Power (MP) into account as an objective function. To demonstrate the solver’s capability for shape optimization, a sphere is optimized in terms of drag reduction. According to the results, the optimized sphere indicates a 14% reduction in drag force over the baseline., Communication présentée lors du congrès international tenu conjointement par Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering (CSME) et Computational Fluid Dynamics Society of Canada (CFD Canada), à l’Université de Sherbrooke (Québec), du 28 au 31 mai 2023.

The lithium-ion battery is the key power source of an electric vehicle. The cornerstone of safe transportation vehicles is reliable real-time state of charge (SOC) information. Since batteries are the primary form of energy storage in electric vehicles (EVs) and the smart grid, estimation of the state of charge is a critical need for batteries. The SOC estimate approach is considered to be precise and simple to apply for such applications. In this paper, After studying a battery model with an appropriate resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit, A lookup table derived from experimental studies describes the nonlinear connection between the Open Circuit Voltage Voc and the the state of charge. However, if temperature or SOC varies, the equivalent circuit model's characteristics will vary, decreasing the accuracy of SOC calculation. The recursive least squares (RLS) and nonlinear Extended Kalman filters are used in this research to offer a charge estimate technique with online parameter identification to handle this problem. RLS dynamically updates the Thevenin model's parameters. In order to improve the precision of SOC prediction under charge and discharge settings, we presented a regression least-squares-extended Kalman filter (RLS-EKF) estimation approach in this study. The objective of this research is to ensure the updating of the battery parameters and to evaluate the influence of this improvement on the convergence of the state of charge towards the real value. The simulation results suggest that the RLS EKF estimation technique, which is based on precise modeling, may greatly increase SOC estimation accuracy.

Aquest treball de Fi de Grau de ciutats intel·ligents i sostenibles inclou la construcció d'un braç robòtic programat amb Arduino. Aquest inclourà la confrontació de diversos braços robòtics per seleccionar el que es cenyeix millor a la màxima del projecte, per acabar construint-lo. Incloent-hi des de la programació, fins a l'exposició de les capacitats del braç escollit amb una sèrie de proves i petites ordres que aquest haurà d'obeir., Este trabajo de Fin de Grado de ciudades inteligentes y sostenibles, incluye la construcción de un brazo robótico programado en Arduino. Este incluirá el cotejo de varios brazos robóticos en aras de seleccionar el que se ciña mejor a la máxima del proyecto, para acabar construyéndolo. Incluyendo desde la programación, hasta la exposición de las capacidades del brazo escogido con una serie de pruebas y pequeñas órdenes que este deberá obedecer., This Final Degree project on smart and sustainable cities includes the construction of a robotic arm programmed in Arduino. This will include the comparison of several robotic arms in order to select the one that best adheres to the main objective of the project, to end up building it. Including from programming, to exposing the capabilities of the chosen arm with a series of tests and small orders that it must obey.

The range hood is crucial in kitchens during cooking activities. Inside the residential houses, cooking activities are one of the main sources of particle emission, which decreases the air quality level. Furthermore, multiple studies found a strong correlation between the particles emitted from cooking activity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and diabetes. The use of an efficient range hood is essential to maintain a healthy air quality level inside the house. The fan is the main component inside a range hood. Most of the range hoods are equipped with an axial fan or a one rotor squirrel cage fan. In the present study, a powerful double-intake and rotor squirrel cage fan is designed and optimized by using a developed optimization process loop based only on open source libraries. Dakota is used to achieve the sampling and build the surrogate surfaces, Salome to generate the geometry and the mesh grid and OpenFoam for the calculations. More than eleven design parameters are selected in the impellers, blades and volute regions. The two objective functions: total efficiency and the generated noise are improved by maximizing and minimizing their values, respectively. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method is selected to achieve sampling over more than 363 design parameters set. In order to model the turbulent flow, a 3D incompressible simpleFoam solver is used and coupled to the Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) approach. The Kriging and the quadratic polynomial response surface are used to expand the design space and improve the objective functions. The total efficiency is improved by 12 % and the noise is reduced by 2 sones compared to the initial design. The Kriging Metamodel predicts with less than 2 % the total efficiency and 1% the generated noise compared to the OpenFoam calculation. A large 3D coherent structure is observed in the volute region with a scattered turbulent region near the outlet. The optimal design is validated at the

The range hood is crucial in kitchens during cooking activities. Inside the residential houses, cooking activities are one of the main sources of particle emission, which decreases the air quality level. Furthermore, multiple studies found a strong correlation between the particles emitted from cooking activity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and diabetes. The use of an efficient range hood is essential to maintain a healthy air quality level inside the house. The fan is the main component inside a range hood. Most of the range hoods are equipped with an axial fan or a one rotor squirrel cage fan. In the present study, a powerful double-intake and rotor squirrel cage fan is designed and optimized by using a developed optimization process loop based only on open source libraries. Dakota is used to achieve the sampling and build the surrogate surfaces, Salome to generate the geometry and the mesh grid and OpenFoam for the calculations. More than eleven design parameters are selected in the impellers, blades and volute regions. The two objective functions: total efficiency and the generated noise are improved by maximizing and minimizing their values, respectively. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method is selected to achieve sampling over more than 363 design parameters set. In order to model the turbulent flow, a 3D incompressible simpleFoam solver is used and coupled to the Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) approach. The Kriging and the quadratic polynomial response surface are used to expand the design space and improve the objective functions. The total efficiency is improved by 12 % and the noise is reduced by 2 sones compared to the initial design. The Kriging Metamodel predicts with less than 2 % the total efficiency and 1% the generated noise compared to the OpenFoam calculation. A large 3D coherent structure is observed in the volute region with a scattered turbulent region near the outlet. The optimal design is validated at the

The range hood is crucial in kitchens during cooking activities. Inside the residential houses, cooking activities are one of the main sources of particle emission, which decreases the air quality level. Furthermore, multiple studies found a strong correlation between the particles emitted from cooking activity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and diabetes. The use of an efficient range hood is essential to maintain a healthy air quality level inside the house. The fan is the main component inside a range hood. Most of the range hoods are equipped with an axial fan or a one rotor squirrel cage fan. In the present study, a powerful double-intake and rotor squirrel cage fan is designed and optimized by using a developed optimization process loop based only on open source libraries. Dakota is used to achieve the sampling and build the surrogate surfaces, Salome to generate the geometry and the mesh grid and OpenFoam for the calculations. More than eleven design parameters are selected in the impellers, blades and volute regions. The two objective functions: total efficiency and the generated noise are improved by maximizing and minimizing their values, respectively. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method is selected to achieve sampling over more than 363 design parameters set. In order to model the turbulent flow, a 3D incompressible simpleFoam solver is used and coupled to the Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) approach. The Kriging and the quadratic polynomial response surface are used to expand the design space and improve the objective functions. The total efficiency is improved by 12 % and the noise is reduced by 2 sones compared to the initial design. The Kriging Metamodel predicts with less than 2 % the total efficiency and 1% the generated noise compared to the OpenFoam calculation. A large 3D coherent structure is observed in the volute region with a scattered turbulent region near the outlet. The optimal design is validated at the

Drought is the main constraint to maize production in the Mediterranean area. This is the first report of breeding temperate maize populations from the Algerian desert. The objective of this study was to evaluate response to selection for reduced anthesis-silking interval (ASI) in Algerian maize under drought and control conditions. Three cycles of selection for reduced ASI were carried out in four populations under control and drought conditions, and the breeding program was evaluated under both conditions. Selection under drought was more efficient than under control conditions, particularly for the LOM and TAO populations. Selection for low ASI reduced ASI and days per cycle for BTM and IGS, respectively, under drought conditions. Selection for ASI reduced anthesis in BTM, when selected under drought and evaluated under control conditions. Significant yield increase was observed for BTM under optimal conditions. Significant genetic gain for yield was observed for the population LOM under drought. Therefore, the improved Algerian populations BTM and TAO could be a novel source for reducing ASI and for earlier flowering time as a mechanism for avoiding drought. Furthermore, we propose these populations as sources to develop tolerant inbred lines and to find quantitative trait loci for drought tolerance.

This study examined adsorption of anionic dye on four zeolitic materials incorporated (VS-1, CuZSM-5) and not incorporated into metals (S-1, ZSM-5). The adsorption of the bromothymol blue (BTB) dye on the four adsorbents was analysed using isotherm models Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin. Two kinetic models were also applied to study the adsorption process, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. The isothermal data showed good correlation. The kinetics of adsorption were better described by the pseudo-second order model. The results obtained indicate that the maximum percentage removal of the BTB dye was given by a purely non-incorporated silicic zeolite (S-1). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License., U ovoj je studiji ispitivana adsorpcija anionskih bojila na četiri zeolitska materijala inkorporirana (VS-1, CuZSM-5) i neinkorporirana (S-1, ZSM-5) u metale. Adsorpcija indikatora bromtimol modro (BTB) na četiri adsorbenta analizirana je izotermnim modelima Langmuir, Freundlich i Temkin. Također su primijenjena dva kinetička modela za proučavanje procesa adsorpcije, pseudo-prvog i pseudo-drugog reda. Izotermni podatci pokazali su dobru korelaciju. Kinetiku adsorpcije bolje je opisao model pseudo-drugog reda. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su da je maksimalni postotak uklanjanja indikatora BTB dobiven čisto neinkorporiranim silicijskim zeolitom (S-1). Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna.

The plants of the genus Phlomis are native to Turkey, North Africa, Europe and Asia.  Phlomis bovei De Noé (Lamiaceae) is a rare Algerian endemic plant, commonly known as Kayat El Adjarah. The objective of this study is to quantify the polyphenol content and to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract (EthE) of Phlomis bovei De Noé. The plant extract was prepared by macerating 100 g of ground material in 1000 ml of 85 % ethanol for 72 h, then the filtrate was evaporated using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 45C and the filtrate was dried. The total content in polyphenols was determined using Folin Ciocalteu method. Flavonoid content in extracts was determined using Aluminum trichloride assay and the total content of tannins was determined according to Bate Smith method. The antioxidant activity was investigated in vitro by the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl), ABTS and iron chelating assays. The results indicate that the ethanol extract was rich in polyphenols and has an important capacity of scavenging the DPPH and ABTS free radical with an IC50 of 0.05 and 0.018 mg/ml, respectively. However, in the ferrous ions chelating ability test, PBEE extract showed moderate chelating activity (IC50 = 1.59 ± 0.05 mg/ml). To conclude, the obtained results may contribute to add possible scientific data to use Phlomis bovei industrially as herbal medicine and as supplementary sources for natural antioxidant drugs in food. Keywords: antioxidant activity, ethanol extract, Phlomis bovei De Noé, polyphenol content.

The plants of the genus Phlomis are native to Turkey, North Africa, Europe and Asia.  Phlomis bovei De Noé (Lamiaceae) is a rare Algerian endemic plant, commonly known as Kayat El Adjarah. The objective of this study is to quantify the polyphenol content and to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract (EthE) of Phlomis bovei De Noé. The plant extract was prepared by macerating 100 g of ground material in 1000 ml of 85 % ethanol for 72 h, then the filtrate was evaporated using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 45C and the filtrate was dried. The total content in polyphenols was determined using Folin Ciocalteu method. Flavonoid content in extracts was determined using Aluminum trichloride assay and the total content of tannins was determined according to Bate Smith method. The antioxidant activity was investigated in vitro by the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl), ABTS and iron chelating assays. The results indicate that the ethanol extract was rich in polyphenols and has an important capacity of scavenging the DPPH and ABTS free radical with an IC50 of 0.05 and 0.018 mg/ml, respectively. However, in the ferrous ions chelating ability test, PBEE extract showed moderate chelating activity (IC50 = 1.59 ± 0.05 mg/ml). To conclude, the obtained results may contribute to add possible scientific data to use Phlomis bovei industrially as herbal medicine and as supplementary sources for natural antioxidant drugs in food. Keywords: antioxidant activity, ethanol extract, Phlomis bovei De Noé, polyphenol content.

Ocimum basilicum L. (O. basilicum L.) with the vernacular name of Reihan or Reyhan is a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family, widely used in traditional Algerian medicine. The aim of the present study was to research the traditional uses and the mode of application of O. basilicum L. in the M’sila region (northern Algeria), to estimate the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in methanolic and aqueous extracts of this plant and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of these extracts by the 2, 2’-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH). The results of ethnopharmacological survey showed that decoction of leaves in fresh or dry form is the most frequent use. The yields of extracts were 28.67% and 15.24% for the methanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of different compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and essential oils. The results demonstrated that the methanolic extract presented a high polyphenols and flavonoids contents with 225.99 ± 3.13 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract and 83.63 ± 3.48 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry extract, respectively. The evaluation of the antioxidant power is carried out using the method of trapping of the free radical DPPH, with BHT as reference antioxidant. The results showed that the methanolic extract has a significant free radical scavenging capacity with an IC50 value of 304.82 ± 24.15 µg/ml; which was greater than the trapping capacity of BHT (IC50 = 327.46 ± 13.11 µg/ml). Whereas, the aqueous extract has a weaker effect with an IC50 value of 2122.81 ± 107.77 µg/ml. Keywords: BHT, DPPH, flavonoids, Ocimum basilicum L., polyphenols.

This study aimed to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the Hydro-methanolic from Saccocalyx satureioides Coss and Dur aerial part. Total polyphenols contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent. The flavonoids were estimated using the method of Aluminum chloride (AlCl3). The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using two in vitro models (the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power). Total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extract were 171.34 ±1.43 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g of dry extract (GAE/g) and 18.6 ± 0.46 mg Quercetin equivalent / g of dry extract (QE/g), respectively. The methanol extract has an important capacity to scavenge the free radical DPPH with an IC50 of 0.03 ± 0. 0024 mg/ml. In addition, the plant extract exhibited high reducing power with an IC50 of 0.54 ± 0.00625 mg/ml. The results of the present study may prove that the medicinal plants are a good resource of natural antioxidants. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Saccocalyx satureioides, polyphenols, flavonoids.

Reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) are produced in all cells and play important roles in physiology. The loss of the redox balance, either by an increase of oxidant molecules ROS and RNS or by decreased antioxidant system activities cause a state of oxidative stress. Several studies are going on worldwide directed towards finding natural antioxidants of plant origin. Plants containing phenolic compounds have been reported to possess strong antioxidant activity. The objective of this study is to evaluate total polyphenols and flavonoids contents (TPC and TFC) as well as examine the in vitro antioxidative properties from aqueous extract of Ammoides atlantica (AqE). TPC was estimated utilizing Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent. TFC was evaluated utilizing the aluminum chloride method. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using metal chelating and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. Indeed, results showed that the AqE is rich in polyphenols (141.74±0.44 µg gallic acid equivalents/ mg of dry weight), and flavonoids (61.87±6.7 µg quercetin equivalent/ mg dry weight). These phytochemical compounds possess significant antioxidant activities. The results showed that AqE exhibited a good Metal chelating activity with an IC50 of 36.57±4.73 µg/ mL. CUPRAC assay showed that AqE extract exhibited high cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity with an A0.5 of 8.58±0.13 µg/mL. These findings provide evidence that AqE of Ammoides atlantica is a potential source of antioxidant which have many benefits towards human health. Keywords: Ammoides atlantica, aqueous extract, phenolic compounds, metal chelating and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity.

Ocimum basilicum L. (O. basilicum L.) with the vernacular name of Reihan or Reyhan is a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family, widely used in traditional Algerian medicine. The aim of the present study was to research the traditional uses and the mode of application of O. basilicum L. in the M’sila region (northern Algeria), to estimate the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in methanolic and aqueous extracts of this plant and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of these extracts by the 2, 2’-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH). The results of ethnopharmacological survey showed that decoction of leaves in fresh or dry form is the most frequent use. The yields of extracts were 28.67% and 15.24% for the methanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of different compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and essential oils. The results demonstrated that the methanolic extract presented a high polyphenols and flavonoids contents with 225.99 ± 3.13 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract and 83.63 ± 3.48 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry extract, respectively. The evaluation of the antioxidant power is carried out using the method of trapping of the free radical DPPH, with BHT as reference antioxidant. The results showed that the methanolic extract has a significant free radical scavenging capacity with an IC50 value of 304.82 ± 24.15 µg/ml; which was greater than the trapping capacity of BHT (IC50 = 327.46 ± 13.11 µg/ml). Whereas, the aqueous extract has a weaker effect with an IC50 value of 2122.81 ± 107.77 µg/ml. Keywords: BHT, DPPH, flavonoids, Ocimum basilicum L., polyphenols.

This study aimed to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the Hydro-methanolic from Saccocalyx satureioides Coss and Dur aerial part. Total polyphenols contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent. The flavonoids were estimated using the method of Aluminum chloride (AlCl3). The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using two in vitro models (the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power). Total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extract were 171.34 ±1.43 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g of dry extract (GAE/g) and 18.6 ± 0.46 mg Quercetin equivalent / g of dry extract (QE/g), respectively. The methanol extract has an important capacity to scavenge the free radical DPPH with an IC50 of 0.03 ± 0. 0024 mg/ml. In addition, the plant extract exhibited high reducing power with an IC50 of 0.54 ± 0.00625 mg/ml. The results of the present study may prove that the medicinal plants are a good resource of natural antioxidants. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Saccocalyx satureioides, polyphenols, flavonoids.

Reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) are produced in all cells and play important roles in physiology. The loss of the redox balance, either by an increase of oxidant molecules ROS and RNS or by decreased antioxidant system activities cause a state of oxidative stress. Several studies are going on worldwide directed towards finding natural antioxidants of plant origin. Plants containing phenolic compounds have been reported to possess strong antioxidant activity. The objective of this study is to evaluate total polyphenols and flavonoids contents (TPC and TFC) as well as examine the in vitro antioxidative properties from aqueous extract of Ammoides atlantica (AqE). TPC was estimated utilizing Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent. TFC was evaluated utilizing the aluminum chloride method. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using metal chelating and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. Indeed, results showed that the AqE is rich in polyphenols (141.74±0.44 µg gallic acid equivalents/ mg of dry weight), and flavonoids (61.87±6.7 µg quercetin equivalent/ mg dry weight). These phytochemical compounds possess significant antioxidant activities. The results showed that AqE exhibited a good Metal chelating activity with an IC50 of 36.57±4.73 µg/ mL. CUPRAC assay showed that AqE extract exhibited high cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity with an A0.5 of 8.58±0.13 µg/mL. These findings provide evidence that AqE of Ammoides atlantica is a potential source of antioxidant which have many benefits towards human health. Keywords: Ammoides atlantica, aqueous extract, phenolic compounds, metal chelating and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity.

Avec en toile de fond la question du changement climatique, les contraintes énergétiques sont de plus en plus importantes : population et consommation mondiales croissantes, fluctuations des prix des énergies fossiles et diminution des ressources disponibles et exigences environnementales toujours plus contraignantes. Dans un contexte mondial où la question énergétique est donc devenue centrale, le besoin de se tourner vers des alternatives renouvelables est devenu primordial. L’énergie électrique produite par des hydroliennes est l’une des sources alternatives les plus exploitées. Parmi ces hydroliennes, les turbines de type Darrieus à axe vertical qui ont été largement considérées dans la littérature. Au contraire, la configuration horizontale pour des applications de faible puissance en rivière n’a jamais été étudiée jusqu’à présent. Cette thèse a donc pour objectif d’optimiser une hydrolienne de rivière à axe horizontal de type Darrieus, tant sur le profil hydrodynamique que sur le nombre de pales utilisées, et de quantifier ses performances pour différentes conditions (hauteur d’eau) opérationnelles réalistes. Un benchmark numérique de modèles de turbulence RANS (Reynolds-Averged NavierStokes) à deux équations et de modèles de sous mailles LES (large Eddy Simulation, simulation des grandes échelles) a d’abord été effectué dans le cadre d’un écoulement turbulent autour d’un obstacle fixe et submergé en forme de D. Une comparaison a été faite entre les résultats numériques et expérimentaux obtenus par PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) 2D et 3D stéréoscopiques. Le modèle k-ω SST à bas nombre de Reynolds prédit le mieux la couche de cisaillement au-dessus de l’obstacle. Par contre, le modèle k- à haut nombre de Reynolds est plus performant dans la zone de recirculation en aval de l’obstacle. Les résultats produits par la LES Wale sont meilleurs que ceux du modèle Smagorinsky qui s’avère trop dissipatif. L’analyse spectrale ne montre aucun pic distinct dans la région de sil, Energy constraints are becoming increasingly important as global consumption continues to increase day by day. The price of oil fluctuates continuously tending yet is predicted to increase substantially under more stringent environmental requirements. The idea of turning to and developing renewable alternatives has become paramount. The electric energy produced by hydrokinetic turbines is one of the most exploited alternative sources. Among these hydrokinetic turbines, the Darrieus vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine DVAHT has been largely considered. On the contrary, the horizontal Darrieus configuration for river applications has never been studied numerically. Moreover, no geometrical optimization of blade profile has been carried out to improve its performances and no research on the influence of the water height has yet been done. To answer these problems, three different studies are performed increasingly progressively the complexity of the flow configuration. A numerical benchmark of the RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) turbulence closure models with two equations and LES (large eddy simulation) subgrid scale models is first carried out on the turbulent flow around a bed mounted D-section. A comparison is made between the numerical results and 2D planar and 3D stereoscopic PIV (particle image velocimetry) measurements. In comparison with the other models, the low-Reynolds k-! SST model correctly reproduces the shear layer above the D-section. On the other hand, the high-Reynolds number k- model is more accurate in the recirculation region downstream the obstacle. The results produced by the Wale LES model appear better than those obtained by the Smagorinsky model which is more dissipative. Spectral analysis shows no distinguishable peaks in the wake region. The POD (proper orthogonal decomposition) is applied in the wake region in order to extract the different modes. In the second study, a Darrieus horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine DHAHT is

Maize (Zea mays L.) is currently among the three most widely grown crops produced in the world. However, its production and yield stability is greatly affected by an array of abiotic and biotic stresses. 18 maize populations from the Algerian Saharan oasis were evaIuated under well water and water stress conditions. Water stress was started two weeks before flowering by withdrawing irrigation. Under water stress, Algerian populations exhibited a great variability and their ability to sustain yield production was superior to European and American maize. TAO was the best population followed by LOM and BTM vía the adjustment of various yield related traits. We suggested that Algerian populations can be considered as a novel source of favorable alleles for drought tolerance. However, their yield still low compared to improved populations, reason why breeding for yield will be necessary.

Objectives: To compare the predictive performance and potential clinical usefulness of risk calculators of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC RC) with and without information on prostate volume. Methods: We studied 6 cohorts (5 European and 1 US) with a total of 15,300 men, all biopsied and with pre-biopsy TRUS measurements of prostate volume. Volume was categorized into 3 categories (25, 40, and 60 cc), to reflect use of digital rectal examination (DRE) for volume assessment. Risks of prostate cancer were calculated according to a ERSPC DRE-based RC (including PSA, DRE, prior biopsy, and prostate volume) and a PSA + DRE model (including PSA, DRE, and prior biopsy). Missing data on prostate volume were completed by single imputation. Risk predictions were evaluated with respect to calibration (graphically), discrimination (AUC curve), and clinical usefulness (net benefit, graphically assessed in decision curves). Results: The AUCs of the ERSPC DRE-based RC ranged from 0.61 to 0.77 and were substantially larger than the AUCs of a model based on only PSA + DRE (ranging from 0.56 to 0.72) in each of the 6 cohorts. The ERSPC DRE-based RC provided net benefit over performing a prostate biopsy on the basis of PSA and DRE outcome in five of the six cohorts. Conclusions: Identifying men at increased risk for having a biopsy detectable prostate cancer should consider multiple factors, including an estimate of prostate volume.

To compare the predictive performance and potential clinical usefulness of risk calculators of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC RC) with and without information on prostate volume. We studied 6 cohorts (5 European and 1 US) with a total of 15,300 men, all biopsied and with pre-biopsy TRUS measurements of prostate volume. Volume was categorized into 3 categories (25, 40, and 60 cc), to reflect use of digital rectal examination (DRE) for volume assessment. Risks of prostate cancer were calculated according to a ERSPC DRE-based RC (including PSA, DRE, prior biopsy, and prostate volume) and a PSA + DRE model (including PSA, DRE, and prior biopsy). Missing data on prostate volu The AUCs of the ERSPC DRE-based RC ranged from 0.61 to 0.77 and were substantially larger than the AUCs of a model based on only PSA + DRE (ranging from 0.56 to 0.72) in each of the 6 cohorts. The ERSPC DRE-based RC provided net benefit over performing a prostate biopsy on the basis of PSA and DRE outcome in five of the six cohorts. Identifying men at increased risk for having a biopsy detectable prostate cancer should consider multiple factors, including an estimate of prostate volume.

Purpose: The relationship between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and prostate cancer risk remains subject to fundamental disagreements. We hypothesized that the risk of prostate cancer on biopsy for a given PSA level is affected by identifiable characteristics of the cohort under study. Experimental Design: We used data from five European and three U.S. cohorts of men undergoing biopsy for prostate cancer; six were population-based studies and two were clinical cohorts. The association between PSA and prostate cancer was calculated separately for each cohort using locally weig

Le système politique algérien, dont le soulèvement populaire initié en février 2019 demande le démantèlement, a connu quelques transformations depuis qu’il a été mis en place, au lendemain de l’indépendance du pays. Mais, que ce soit dans le cadre du parti unique, entre 1962 et 1988, ou à l’heure des Constitutions de type démocratique et du pluralisme politique, ce système se caractérise fondamentalement par ce que l’auteur appelle « l’emprise du commandement militaire » et dont il analyse ici les mécanismes., The Algerian political system, whose dismantling was demanded by the popular movement starting in February 2019, had undergone a number of transformations since its implementation in the aftermath of the independence of the country. Yet, whether within the framework of the single-party system, between 1962 and 1988, or in the era of democratic Constitutions and political pluralism, the system was characterised by what the author refers to as the “grip of the military command”, whose mechanisms he analyses.

Le système politique algérien, dont le soulèvement populaire initié en février 2019 demande le démantèlement, a connu quelques transformations depuis qu’il a été mis en place, au lendemain de l’indépendance du pays. Mais, que ce soit dans le cadre du parti unique, entre 1962 et 1988, ou à l’heure des Constitutions de type démocratique et du pluralisme politique, ce système se caractérise fondamentalement par ce que l’auteur appelle « l’emprise du commandement militaire » et dont il analyse ici les mécanismes., The Algerian political system, whose dismantling was demanded by the popular movement starting in February 2019, had undergone a number of transformations since its implementation in the aftermath of the independence of the country. Yet, whether within the framework of the single-party system, between 1962 and 1988, or in the era of democratic Constitutions and political pluralism, the system was characterised by what the author refers to as the “grip of the military command”, whose mechanisms he analyses.