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1. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.
Abstract: Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In
Published: 2021

2. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell.

Author: Crous, PW, Crous, PW, Lombard, L, Sandoval-Denis, M, Seifert, KA, Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P, Gené, J, Guarro, J, Hirooka, Y, Bensch, K, Kema, GHJ, Lamprecht, SC, Cai, L, Rossman, AY, Stadler, M, Summerbell, RC, Taylor, JW, Ploch, S, Visagie, CM, Yilmaz, N, Frisvad, JC, Abdel-Azeem, AM, Abdollahzadeh, J, Abdolrasouli, A, Akulov, A, Alberts, JF, Araújo, JPM, Ariyawansa, HA, Bakhshi, M, Bendiksby, M, Ben Hadj Amor, A, Bezerra, JDP, Boekhout, T, Câmara, MPS, Carbia, M, Cardinali, G, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Celis, A, Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J, Croll, D, Damm, U, Decock, CA, de Vries, RP, Ezekiel, CN, Fan, XL, Fernández, NB, Gaya, E, González, CD, Gramaje, D, Groenewald, JZ, Grube, M, Guevara-Suarez, M, Gupta, VK, Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A, Hagen, F, Haelewaters, D, Hansen, K, Hashimoto, A, Hernández-Restrepo, M, Houbraken, J, Hubka, V, Hyde, KD, Iturriaga, T, Jeewon, R, Johnston, PR, Jurjević, Ž, Karalti, I, Korsten, L, Kuramae, EE, Kušan, I, Labuda, R, Lawrence, DP, Lee, HB, Lechat, C, Li, HY, Litovka, YA, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Marin-Felix, Y, Matio Kemkuignou, B, Matočec, N, McTaggart, AR, Mlčoch, P, Mugnai, L, Nakashima, C, Nilsson, RH, Noumeur, SR, Pavlov, IN, Peralta, MP, Phillips, AJL, Pitt, JI, Polizzi, G, Quaedvlieg, W, Rajeshkumar, KC, Restrepo, S, Rhaiem, A, Robert, J, Robert, V, Rodrigues, AM, Crous, PW, Crous, PW, Lombard, L, Sandoval-Denis, M, Seifert, KA, Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P, Gené, J, Guarro, J, Hirooka, Y, Bensch, K, Kema, GHJ, Lamprecht, SC, Cai, L, Rossman, AY, Stadler, M, Summerbell, RC, Taylor, JW, Ploch, S, Visagie, CM, Yilmaz, N, Frisvad, JC, Abdel-Azeem, AM, Abdollahzadeh, J, Abdolrasouli, A, Akulov, A, Alberts, JF, Araújo, JPM, Ariyawansa, HA, Bakhshi, M, Bendiksby, M, Ben Hadj Amor, A, Bezerra, JDP, Boekhout, T, Câmara, MPS, Carbia, M, Cardinali, G, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Celis, A, Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J, Croll, D, Damm, U, Decock, CA, de Vries, RP, Ezekiel, CN, Fan, XL, Fernández, NB, Gaya, E, González, CD, Gramaje, D, Groenewald, JZ, Grube, M, Guevara-Suarez, M, Gupta, VK, Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A, Hagen, F, Haelewaters, D, Hansen, K, Hashimoto, A, Hernández-Restrepo, M, Houbraken, J, Hubka, V, Hyde, KD, Iturriaga, T, Jeewon, R, Johnston, PR, Jurjević, Ž, Karalti, I, Korsten, L, Kuramae, EE, Kušan, I, Labuda, R, Lawrence, DP, Lee, HB, Lechat, C, Li, HY, Litovka, YA, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Marin-Felix, Y, Matio Kemkuignou, B, Matočec, N, McTaggart, AR, Mlčoch, P, Mugnai, L, Nakashima, C, Nilsson, RH, Noumeur, SR, Pavlov, IN, Peralta, MP, Phillips, AJL, Pitt, JI, Polizzi, G, Quaedvlieg, W, Rajeshkumar, KC, Restrepo, S, Rhaiem, A, Robert, J, Robert, V, and Rodrigues, AM
Abstract: Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera).
Published: 2021

3. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Sub Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Molecular Microbiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Sub Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Molecular Microbiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.
Published: 2021

4. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Crous, P.W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K.A., Schroers, H.-J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G.H.J., Lamprecht, S.C., Cai, L., Rossman, A.Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R.C., Taylor, J.W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C.M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J.C., Abdel-Azeem, A.M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J.F., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J.D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M.P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C.A., Vries, R.P. de, Ezekiel, C.N., Fan, X.L., Fernández, N.B., Gaya, E., González, C.D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J.Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V.K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K.D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P.R., Jurjević, Ž., Karalti, İ., Korsten, L., Kuramae, E.E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D.P., Lee, H.B., Lechat, C., Li, H.Y., Litovka, Y.A., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matočec, N., McTaggart, A.R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R.H., Noumeur, S.R., Pavlov, I.N., Peralta, M.P., Phillips, A.J.L., Pitt, J.I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A.M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R.A., Santos, A.C.S., Shivas, R.G., Souza-Motta, C.M., Sun, G.Y., Swart, W.J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y.P., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tiago, P.V., Váczy, K.Z., Wiele, N. van de, Merwe, N.A. van der, Verkley, G.J.M., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Xia, J.W., Yáñez-Morales, M.J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J.C., Zare, R., Zhang, C.L., Thines, M., Crous, P.W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K.A., Schroers, H.-J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G.H.J., Lamprecht, S.C., Cai, L., Rossman, A.Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R.C., Taylor, J.W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C.M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J.C., Abdel-Azeem, A.M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J.F., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J.D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M.P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C.A., Vries, R.P. de, Ezekiel, C.N., Fan, X.L., Fernández, N.B., Gaya, E., González, C.D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J.Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V.K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K.D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P.R., Jurjević, Ž., Karalti, İ., Korsten, L., Kuramae, E.E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D.P., Lee, H.B., Lechat, C., Li, H.Y., Litovka, Y.A., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matočec, N., McTaggart, A.R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R.H., Noumeur, S.R., Pavlov, I.N., Peralta, M.P., Phillips, A.J.L., Pitt, J.I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A.M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R.A., Santos, A.C.S., Shivas, R.G., Souza-Motta, C.M., Sun, G.Y., Swart, W.J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y.P., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tiago, P.V., Váczy, K.Z., Wiele, N. van de, Merwe, N.A. van der, Verkley, G.J.M., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Xia, J.W., Yáñez-Morales, M.J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J.C., Zare, R., Zhang, C.L., and Thines, M.
Abstract: Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th
Published: 2021

5. Fusarium : more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P., Gene, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araujo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Camara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernandez, N. B., Gaya, E., Gonzalez, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V, Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjevic, Z., Karalti, I, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kusan, I, Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matocec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlcoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. , I, Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V, Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. , V, Vaczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yanez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P., Gene, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araujo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Camara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernandez, N. B., Gaya, E., Gonzalez, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V, Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjevic, Z., Karalti, I, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kusan, I, Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matocec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlcoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. , I, Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V, Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. , V, Vaczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yanez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.
Abstract: Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Fusarium : more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P., Gene, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araujo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Camara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernandez, N. B., Gaya, E., Gonzalez, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V, Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjevic, Z., Karalti, I, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kusan, I, Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matocec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlcoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. , I, Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V, Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. , V, Vaczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yanez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P., Gene, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araujo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Camara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernandez, N. B., Gaya, E., Gonzalez, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V, Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjevic, Z., Karalti, I, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kusan, I, Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matocec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlcoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. , I, Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V, Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. , V, Vaczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yanez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.
Abstract: Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Fusarium : more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P., Gene, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araujo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Camara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernandez, N. B., Gaya, E., Gonzalez, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V, Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjevic, Z., Karalti, I, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kusan, I, Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matocec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlcoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. , I, Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V, Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. , V, Vaczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yanez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P., Gene, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araujo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Camara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernandez, N. B., Gaya, E., Gonzalez, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V, Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjevic, Z., Karalti, I, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kusan, I, Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matocec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlcoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. , I, Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V, Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. , V, Vaczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yanez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.
Abstract: Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Sub Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Molecular Microbiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Sub Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Molecular Microbiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.
Published: 2021

9. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell.

Author: Crous, PW, Crous, PW, Lombard, L, Sandoval-Denis, M, Seifert, KA, Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P, Gené, J, Guarro, J, Hirooka, Y, Bensch, K, Kema, GHJ, Lamprecht, SC, Cai, L, Rossman, AY, Stadler, M, Summerbell, RC, Taylor, JW, Ploch, S, Visagie, CM, Yilmaz, N, Frisvad, JC, Abdel-Azeem, AM, Abdollahzadeh, J, Abdolrasouli, A, Akulov, A, Alberts, JF, Araújo, JPM, Ariyawansa, HA, Bakhshi, M, Bendiksby, M, Ben Hadj Amor, A, Bezerra, JDP, Boekhout, T, Câmara, MPS, Carbia, M, Cardinali, G, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Celis, A, Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J, Croll, D, Damm, U, Decock, CA, de Vries, RP, Ezekiel, CN, Fan, XL, Fernández, NB, Gaya, E, González, CD, Gramaje, D, Groenewald, JZ, Grube, M, Guevara-Suarez, M, Gupta, VK, Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A, Hagen, F, Haelewaters, D, Hansen, K, Hashimoto, A, Hernández-Restrepo, M, Houbraken, J, Hubka, V, Hyde, KD, Iturriaga, T, Jeewon, R, Johnston, PR, Jurjević, Ž, Karalti, I, Korsten, L, Kuramae, EE, Kušan, I, Labuda, R, Lawrence, DP, Lee, HB, Lechat, C, Li, HY, Litovka, YA, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Marin-Felix, Y, Matio Kemkuignou, B, Matočec, N, McTaggart, AR, Mlčoch, P, Mugnai, L, Nakashima, C, Nilsson, RH, Noumeur, SR, Pavlov, IN, Peralta, MP, Phillips, AJL, Pitt, JI, Polizzi, G, Quaedvlieg, W, Rajeshkumar, KC, Restrepo, S, Rhaiem, A, Robert, J, Robert, V, Rodrigues, AM, Crous, PW, Crous, PW, Lombard, L, Sandoval-Denis, M, Seifert, KA, Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P, Gené, J, Guarro, J, Hirooka, Y, Bensch, K, Kema, GHJ, Lamprecht, SC, Cai, L, Rossman, AY, Stadler, M, Summerbell, RC, Taylor, JW, Ploch, S, Visagie, CM, Yilmaz, N, Frisvad, JC, Abdel-Azeem, AM, Abdollahzadeh, J, Abdolrasouli, A, Akulov, A, Alberts, JF, Araújo, JPM, Ariyawansa, HA, Bakhshi, M, Bendiksby, M, Ben Hadj Amor, A, Bezerra, JDP, Boekhout, T, Câmara, MPS, Carbia, M, Cardinali, G, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Celis, A, Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J, Croll, D, Damm, U, Decock, CA, de Vries, RP, Ezekiel, CN, Fan, XL, Fernández, NB, Gaya, E, González, CD, Gramaje, D, Groenewald, JZ, Grube, M, Guevara-Suarez, M, Gupta, VK, Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A, Hagen, F, Haelewaters, D, Hansen, K, Hashimoto, A, Hernández-Restrepo, M, Houbraken, J, Hubka, V, Hyde, KD, Iturriaga, T, Jeewon, R, Johnston, PR, Jurjević, Ž, Karalti, I, Korsten, L, Kuramae, EE, Kušan, I, Labuda, R, Lawrence, DP, Lee, HB, Lechat, C, Li, HY, Litovka, YA, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Marin-Felix, Y, Matio Kemkuignou, B, Matočec, N, McTaggart, AR, Mlčoch, P, Mugnai, L, Nakashima, C, Nilsson, RH, Noumeur, SR, Pavlov, IN, Peralta, MP, Phillips, AJL, Pitt, JI, Polizzi, G, Quaedvlieg, W, Rajeshkumar, KC, Restrepo, S, Rhaiem, A, Robert, J, Robert, V, and Rodrigues, AM
Abstract: Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera).
Published: 2021

10. Fusarium : more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P., Gene, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araujo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Camara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernandez, N. B., Gaya, E., Gonzalez, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V, Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjevic, Z., Karalti, I, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kusan, I, Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matocec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlcoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. , I, Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V, Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. , V, Vaczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yanez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P., Gene, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araujo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Camara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernandez, N. B., Gaya, E., Gonzalez, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V, Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjevic, Z., Karalti, I, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kusan, I, Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matocec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlcoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. , I, Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V, Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. , V, Vaczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yanez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.
Abstract: Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Ž, Karalti, İ, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Yu Pei, Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Ž, Karalti, İ, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Yu Pei, Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.
Abstract: Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th
Published: 2021

12. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Sub Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Molecular Microbiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Sub Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Molecular Microbiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.
Published: 2021

13. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Crous, P.W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K.A., Schroers, H.-J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G.H.J., Lamprecht, S.C., Cai, L., Rossman, A.Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R.C., Taylor, J.W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C.M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J.C., Abdel-Azeem, A.M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J.F., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J.D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M.P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C.A., Vries, R.P. de, Ezekiel, C.N., Fan, X.L., Fernández, N.B., Gaya, E., González, C.D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J.Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V.K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K.D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P.R., Jurjević, Ž., Karalti, İ., Korsten, L., Kuramae, E.E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D.P., Lee, H.B., Lechat, C., Li, H.Y., Litovka, Y.A., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matočec, N., McTaggart, A.R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R.H., Noumeur, S.R., Pavlov, I.N., Peralta, M.P., Phillips, A.J.L., Pitt, J.I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A.M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R.A., Santos, A.C.S., Shivas, R.G., Souza-Motta, C.M., Sun, G.Y., Swart, W.J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y.P., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tiago, P.V., Váczy, K.Z., Wiele, N. van de, Merwe, N.A. van der, Verkley, G.J.M., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Xia, J.W., Yáñez-Morales, M.J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J.C., Zare, R., Zhang, C.L., Thines, M., Crous, P.W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K.A., Schroers, H.-J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G.H.J., Lamprecht, S.C., Cai, L., Rossman, A.Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R.C., Taylor, J.W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C.M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J.C., Abdel-Azeem, A.M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J.F., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J.D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M.P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C.A., Vries, R.P. de, Ezekiel, C.N., Fan, X.L., Fernández, N.B., Gaya, E., González, C.D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J.Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V.K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K.D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P.R., Jurjević, Ž., Karalti, İ., Korsten, L., Kuramae, E.E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D.P., Lee, H.B., Lechat, C., Li, H.Y., Litovka, Y.A., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matočec, N., McTaggart, A.R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R.H., Noumeur, S.R., Pavlov, I.N., Peralta, M.P., Phillips, A.J.L., Pitt, J.I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A.M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R.A., Santos, A.C.S., Shivas, R.G., Souza-Motta, C.M., Sun, G.Y., Swart, W.J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y.P., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tiago, P.V., Váczy, K.Z., Wiele, N. van de, Merwe, N.A. van der, Verkley, G.J.M., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Xia, J.W., Yáñez-Morales, M.J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J.C., Zare, R., Zhang, C.L., and Thines, M.
Abstract: Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th
Published: 2021

14. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Željko, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Željko, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.
Abstract: Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with
Published: 2021

15. Fusarium : more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P., Gene, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araujo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Camara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernandez, N. B., Gaya, E., Gonzalez, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V, Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjevic, Z., Karalti, I, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kusan, I, Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matocec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlcoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. , I, Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V, Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. , V, Vaczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yanez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P., Gene, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araujo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Camara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernandez, N. B., Gaya, E., Gonzalez, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V, Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjevic, Z., Karalti, I, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kusan, I, Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matocec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlcoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. , I, Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V, Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. , V, Vaczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yanez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.
Abstract: Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th
Published: 2021
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16. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Ž, Karalti, İ, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Yu Pei, Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Ž, Karalti, İ, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Yu Pei, Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.
Abstract: Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th
Published: 2021

17. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author: Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Crous, P. W.; Lombard, L.; Sandoval-Denis, M.; Seifert, K. A.; Schroers, H-J; Chaverri, P.; Gene, J.; Guarro, J.; Hirooka, Y.; Bensch, K.; Kema, G. H. J.; Lamprecht, S. C.; Cai, L.; Rossman, A. Y.; Stadler, M.; Summerbell, R. C.; Taylor, J. W.; Ploch, S.; Visagie, C. M.; Yilmaz, N.; Frisvad, J. C.; Abdel-Azeem, A. M.; Abdollahzadeh, J.; Abdolrasouli, A.; Akulov, A.; Alberts, J. F.; Araujo, J. P. M.; Ariyawansa, H. A.; Bakhshi, M.; Bendiksby, M.; Amor, A. Ben Hadj; Bezerra, J. D. P.; Boekhout, T.; Camara, M. P. S.; Carbia, M.; Cardinali, G.; Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F.; Celis, A.; Chaturvedi, V; Collemare, J.; Croll, D.; Damm, U.; Decock, C. A.; de Vries, R. P.; Ezekiel, C. N.; Fan, X. L.; Fernandez, N. B.; Gaya, E.; Gonzalez, C. D.; Gramaje, D.; Groenewald, J. Z.; Grube, M.; Guevara-Suarez, M.; Gupta, V. K.; Guarnaccia, V; Haddaji, A.; Hagen, F.; Haelewaters, D.; Hansen, K.; Hashimoto, A.; Hernandez-Restrepo, M.; Houbraken, J.; Hubka, V; Hyde, K. D.; Iturriaga, T.; Jeewon, R.; Johnston, P. R.; Jurjevic, Z.; Karalti, I; Korsten, L.; Kuramae, E. E.; Kusan, I; Labuda, R.; Lawrence, D. P.; Lee, H. B.; Lechat, C.; Li, H. Y.; Litovka, Y. A.; Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N.; Marin-Felix, Y.; Kemkuignou, B. Matio; Matocec, N.; McTaggart, A. R.; Mlcoch, P.; Mugnai, L.; Nakashima, C.; Nilsson, R. H.; Noumeur, S. R.; Pavlov, I. N.; Peralta, M. P.; Phillips, A. J. L.; Pitt, J., I; Polizzi, G.; Quaedvlieg, W.; Rajeshkumar, K. C.; Restrepo, S.; Rhaiem, A.; Robert, J.; Robert, V; Rodrigues, A. M.; Salgado-Salazar, C.; Samson, R. A.; Santos, A. C. S.; Shivas, R. G.; Souza-Motta, C. M.; Sun, G. Y.; Swart, W. J.; Szoke, S.; Tan, Y. P.; Taylor, J. E.; Taylor, P. W. J.; Tiago, P., V; Vaczy, K. Z.; van de Wiele, N.; van der Merwe, N. A.; Verkley, G. J. M.; Vieira, W. A. S.; Vizzini, A.; Weir, B. S., Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Crous, P. W.; Lombard, L.; Sandoval-Denis, M.; Seifert, K. A.; Schroers, H-J; Chaverri, P.; Gene, J.; Guarro, J.; Hirooka, Y.; Bensch, K.; Kema, G. H. J.; Lamprecht, S. C.; Cai, L.; Rossman, A. Y.; Stadler, M.; Summerbell, R. C.; Taylor, J. W.; Ploch, S.; Visagie, C. M.; Yilmaz, N.; Frisvad, J. C.; Abdel-Azeem, A. M.; Abdollahzadeh, J.; Abdolrasouli, A.; Akulov, A.; Alberts, J. F.; Araujo, J. P. M.; Ariyawansa, H. A.; Bakhshi, M.; Bendiksby, M.; Amor, A. Ben Hadj; Bezerra, J. D. P.; Boekhout, T.; Camara, M. P. S.; Carbia, M.; Cardinali, G.; Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F.; Celis, A.; Chaturvedi, V; Collemare, J.; Croll, D.; Damm, U.; Decock, C. A.; de Vries, R. P.; Ezekiel, C. N.; Fan, X. L.; Fernandez, N. B.; Gaya, E.; Gonzalez, C. D.; Gramaje, D.; Groenewald, J. Z.; Grube, M.; Guevara-Suarez, M.; Gupta, V. K.; Guarnaccia, V; Haddaji, A.; Hagen, F.; Haelewaters, D.; Hansen, K.; Hashimoto, A.; Hernandez-Restrepo, M.; Houbraken, J.; Hubka, V; Hyde, K. D.; Iturriaga, T.; Jeewon, R.; Johnston, P. R.; Jurjevic, Z.; Karalti, I; Korsten, L.; Kuramae, E. E.; Kusan, I; Labuda, R.; Lawrence, D. P.; Lee, H. B.; Lechat, C.; Li, H. Y.; Litovka, Y. A.; Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N.; Marin-Felix, Y.; Kemkuignou, B. Matio; Matocec, N.; McTaggart, A. R.; Mlcoch, P.; Mugnai, L.; Nakashima, C.; Nilsson, R. H.; Noumeur, S. R.; Pavlov, I. N.; Peralta, M. P.; Phillips, A. J. L.; Pitt, J., I; Polizzi, G.; Quaedvlieg, W.; Rajeshkumar, K. C.; Restrepo, S.; Rhaiem, A.; Robert, J.; Robert, V; Rodrigues, A. M.; Salgado-Salazar, C.; Samson, R. A.; Santos, A. C. S.; Shivas, R. G.; Souza-Motta, C. M.; Sun, G. Y.; Swart, W. J.; Szoke, S.; Tan, Y. P.; Taylor, J. E.; Taylor, P. W. J.; Tiago, P., V; Vaczy, K. Z.; van de Wiele, N.; van der Merwe, N. A.; Verkley, G. J. M.; Vieira, W. A. S.; Vizzini, A.; Weir, B. S.
Abstract: Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa; 20Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU-Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; 21Systematic Mycology Lab., Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt; 22Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran; 23Department of Medical Microbiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK;24Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK;25Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Maidan Svobody 4, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine; 26Department of Food Science and Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; 27School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; 28Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
Published: 2021

18. Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa

Author: Zamora, J. C. (Juan Carlos), Svensson, M. (Mans), Kirschner, R. (Roland), Olariaga, I. (Ibai), Ryman, S. (Svengunnar), Alberto Parra, L. (Luis), Geml, J. (Jozsef), Rosling, A. (Anna), Adamcik, S. (Slavomir), Ahti, T. (Teuvo), Aime, M. C. (M. Catherine), Ainsworth, A. M. (A. Martyn), Albert, L. (Laszlo), Alberto, E. (Edgardo), Garcia, A. A. (Alberto Altes), Ageev, D. (Dmitry), Agerer, R. (Reinhard), Aguirre-Hudson, B. (Begona), Ammirati, J. (Joe), Andersson, H. (Harry), Angelini, C. (Claudio), Antonin, V. (Vladimir), Aoki, T. (Takayuki), Aptroot, A. (Andre), Argaud, D. (Didier), Sosa, B. I. (Blanca Imelda Arguello), Aronsen, A. (Arne), Arup, U. (Ulf), Asgari, B. (Bita), Assyov, B. (Boris), Atienza, V. (Violeta), Bandini, D. (Ditte), Baptista-Ferreira, J. L. (Joao Luis), Baral, H.-O. (Hans-Otto), Baroni, T. (Tim), Barreto, R. W. (Robert Weingart), Baker, H. (Henry), Bell, A. (Ann), Bellanger, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Bellu, F. (Francesco), Bemmann, M. (Martin), Bendiksby, M. (Mika), Bendiksen, E. (Egil), Bendiksen, K. (Katriina), Benedek, L. (Lajos), Beresova-Guttova, A. (Anna), Berger, F. (Franz), Berndt, R. (Reinhard), Bernicchia, A. (Annarosa), Biketova, A. Y. (Alona Yu), Bizio, E. (Enrico), Bjork, C. (Curtis), Boekhout, T. (Teun), Boertmann, D. (David), Bohning, T. (Tanja), Boittin, F. (Florent), Boluda, C. G. (Carlos G.), Boomsluiter, M. W. (Menno W.), Borovicka, J. (Jan), Brandrud, T. E. (Tor Erik), Braun, U. (Uwe), Brodo, I. (Irwin), Bulyonkova, T. (Tatiana), Burdsall, H. H. (Harold H., Jr.), Buyck, B. (Bart), Burgaz, A. R. (Ana Rosa), Calatayud, V. (Vicent), Callac, P. (Philippe), Campo, E. (Emanuele), Candusso, M. (Massimo), Capoen, B. (Brigitte), Carbo, J. (Joaquim), Carbone, M. (Matteo), Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F. (Rafael F.), Castellano, M. A. (Michael A.), Chen, J. (Jie), Clerc, P. (Philippe), Consiglio, G. (Giovanni), Corriol, G. (Gilles), Courtecuisse, R. (Regis), Crespo, A. (Ana), Cripps, C. (Cathy), Crous, P. W. (Pedro W.), da Silva, G. A. (Gladstone Alves), da Silva, M. (Meiriele), Dam, M. (Marjo), Dam, N. (Nico), Dammrich, F. (Frank), Das, K. (Kanad), Davies, L. (Linda), De Crop, E. (Eske), De Kesel, A. (Andre), De Lange, R. (Ruben), Bonzi, B. D. (Barbara De Madrignac), dela Cruz, T. E. (Thomas Edison E.), Delgat, L. (Lynn), Demoulin, V. (Vincent), Desjardin, D. E. (Dennis E.), Diederich, P. (Paul), Dima, B. (Balint), Dios, M. M. (Maria Martha), Divakar, P. K. (Pradeep Kumar), Douanla-Meli, C. (Clovis), Douglas, B. (Brian), Drechsler-Santos, E. R. (Elisandro Ricardo), Dyer, P. S. (Paul S.), Eberhardt, U. (Ursula), Ertz, D. (Damien), Esteve-Raventos, F. (Fernando), Salazar, J. A. (Javier Angel Etayo), Evenson, V. (Vera), Eyssartier, G. (Guillaume), Farkas, E. (Edit), Favre, A. (Alain), Fedosova, A. G. (Anna G.), Filippa, M. (Mario), Finy, P. (Peter), Flakus, A. (Adam), Fos, S. (Simon), Fournier, J. (Jacques), Fraiture, A. (Andre), Franchi, P. (Paolo), Molano, A. E. (Ana Esperanza Franco), Friebes, G. (Gernot), Frisch, A. (Andreas), Fryday, A. (Alan), Furci, G. (Giuliana), Marquez, R. G. (Ricardo Galan), Garbelotto, M. (Matteo), Garcia-Martin, J. M. (Joaquina Maria), Otalora, M. A. (Monica A. Garcia), Sanchez, D. G. (Dania Garcia), Gardiennet, A. (Alain), Garnica, S. (Sigisfredo), Benavent, I. G. (Isaac Garrido), Gates, G. (Genevieve), Gerlach, A. d. (Alice da Cruz Lima), Ghobad-Nejhad, M. (Masoomeh), Gibertoni, T. B. (Tatiana B.), Grebenc, T. (Tine), Greilhuber, I. (Irmgard), Grishkan, B. (Bella), Groenewald, J. Z. (Johannes Z.), Grube, M. (Martin), Gruhn, G. (Gerald), Gueidan, C. (Cecile), Gulden, G. (Gro), Gusmao, L. F. (Luis F. P.), Hafellner, J. (Josef), Hairaud, M. (Michel), Halama, M. (Marek), Hallenberg, N. (Nils), Halling, R. E. (Roy E.), Hansen, K. (Karen), Harder, C. B. (Christoffer Bugge), Heilmann-Clausen, J. (Jacob), Helleman, S. (Stip), Henriot, A. (Alain), Hernandez-Restrepo, M. (Margarita), Herve, R. (Raphael), Hobart, C. (Caroline), Hoffmeister, M. (Mascha), Hoiland, K. (Klaus), Holec, J. (Jan), Holien, H. (Hakon), Hughes, K. (Karen), Hubka, V. (Vit), Huhtinen, S. (Seppo), Ivancevic, B. (Boris), Jagers, M. (Marian), Jaklitsch, W. (Walter), Jansen, A. (AnnaElise), Jayawardena, R. S. (Ruvishika S.), Jeppesen, T. S. (Thomas Stjernegaard), Jeppson, M. (Mikael), Johnston, P. (Peter), Jorgensen, P. M. (Per Magnus), Karnefelt, I. (Ingvar), Kalinina, L. B. (Liudmila B.), Kantvilas, G. (Gintaras), Karadelev, M. (Mitko), Kasuya, T. (Taiga), Kautmanova, I. (Ivona), Kerrigan, R. W. (Richard W.), Kirchmair, M. (Martin), Kiyashko, A. (Anna), Knapp, D. G. (Daniel G.), Knudsen, H. (Henning), Knudsen, K. (Kerry), Knutsson, T. (Tommy), Kolarik, M. (Miroslav), Koljalg, U. (Urmas), Kosuthova, A. (Alica), Koszka, A. (Attila), Kotiranta, H. (Heikki), Kotkova, V. (Vera), Koukol, O. (Ondrej), Kout, J. (Jiri), Kovacs, G. M. (Gabor M.), Kriz, M. (Martin), Kruys, A. (Asa), Kudera, V. (Viktor), Kudzma, L. (Linas), Kuhar, F. (Francisco), Kukwa, M. (Martin), Kumar, T. K. (T. K. Arun), Kunca, V. (Vladimir), Kusan, I. (Ivana), Kuyper, T. W. (Thomas W.), Lado, C. (Carlos), Laessoe, T. (Thomas), Laine, P. (Patrice), Langer, E. (Ewald), Larsson, E. (Ellen), Larsson, K.-H. (Karl-Henrik), Laursen, G. (Gary), Lechat, C. (Christian), Lee, S. (Serena), Lendemer, J. C. (James C.), Levin, L. (Laura), Lindemann, U. (Uwe), Lindstrom, H. (Hakan), Liu, X. (Xingzhong), Hernandez, R. C. (Regulo Carlos Llarena), Llop, E. (Esteve), Locsmandi, C. (Csaba), Lodge, D. J. (Deborah Jean), Loizides, M. (Michael), Lokos, L. (Laszlo), Luangsa-ard, J. (Jennifer), Luderitz, M. (Matthias), Lumbsch, T. (Thorsten), Lutz, M. (Matthias), Mahoney, D. (Dan), Malysheva, E. (Ekaterina), Malysheva, V. (Vera), Manimohan, P. (Patinjareveettil), Mann-Felix, Y. (Yasmina), Marques, G. (Guilhermina), Martinez-Gil, R. (Ruben), Marson, G. (Guy), Mata, G. (Gerardo), Matheny, P. B. (P. Brandon), Mathiassen, G. H. (Geir Harald), Matocec, N. (Neven), Mayrhofer, H. (Helmut), Mehrabi, M. (Mehdi), Melo, I. (Ireneia), Mesic, A. (Armin), Methven, A. S. (Andrew S.), Miettinen, O. (Otto), Romero, A. M. (Ana M. Millanes), Miller, A. N. (Andrew N.), Mitchell, J. K. (James K.), Moberg, R. (Roland), Moreau, P.-A. (Pierre-Arthur), Moreno, G. (Gabriel), Morozova, O. (Olga), Morte, A. (Asuncion), Muggia, L. (Lucia), Gonzalez, G. M. (Guillermo Munoz), Myllys, L. (Leena), Nagy, I. (Istvan), Nagy, L. G. (Laszlo G.), Neves, M. A. (Maria Alice), Niemela, T. (Tuomo), Nimis, P. L. (Pier Luigi), Niveiro, N. (Nicolas), Noordeloos, M. E. (Machiel E.), Nordin, A. (Anders), Noumeur, S. R. (Sara Raouia), Novozhilov, Y. (Yuri), Nuytinck, J. (Jorinde), Ohenoja, E. (Esteri), Fiuza, P. O. (Patricia Oliveira), Orange, A. (Alan), Ordynets, A. (Alexander), Ortiz-Santana, B. (Beatriz), Pacheco, L. (Leticia), Pal-Fam, F. (Ferenc), Palacio, M. (Melissa), Palice, Z. (Zdenek), Papp, V. (Viktor), Partel, K. (Kadri), Pawlowska, J. (Julia), Paz, A. (Aurelia), Peintner, U. (Ursula), Pennycook, S. (Shaun), Pereira, O. L. (Olinto Liparini), Daniels, P. P. (Pablo Perez), Capella, M. A. (Miguel A. Perez-De-Gregorio), del Amo, C. M. (Carlos Manuel Perez), Gorjon, S. P. (Sergio Perez), Perez-Ortega, S. (Sergio), Perez-Vargas, I. (Israel), Perry, B. A. (Brian A.), Petersen, J. H. (Jens H.), Petersen, R. H. (Ronald H.), Pfister, D. H. (Donald H.), Phukhamsakda, C. (Chayanard), Piatek, M. (Marcin), Piepenbring, M. (Meike), Pino-Bodas, R. (Raquel), Esquivel, J. P. (Juan Pablo Pinzon), Pirot, P. (Paul), Popov, E. S. (Eugene S.), Popoff, O. (Orlando), Alvaro, M. P. (Maria Prieto), Printzen, C. (Christian), Psurtseva, N. (Nadezhda), Purahong, W. (Witoon), Quijada, L. (Luis), Rambold, G. (Gerhard), Ramirez, N. A. (Natalia A.), Raja, H. (Huzefa), Raspe, O. (Olivier), Raymundo, T. (Tania), Reblova, M. (Martina), Rebriev, Y. A. (Yury A.), Garcia, J. d. (Juan de Dios Reyes), Ripoll, M. A. (Miguel Angel Ribes), Richard, F. (Franck), Richardson, M. J. (Mike J.), Rico, V. J. (Victor J.), Robledo, G. L. (Gerardo Lucio), Barbosa, F. R. (Flavia Rodrigues), Rodriguez-Caycedo, C. (Cristina), Rodriguez-Flakus, P. (Pamela), Ronikier, A. (Anna), Casas, L. R. (Luis Rubio), Rusevska, K. (Katerina), Saar, G. (Gunter), Saar, I. (Irja), Salcedo, I. (Isabel), Martinez, S. M. (Sergio M. Salcedo), Montoya, C. A. (Carlos A. Salvador), Sanchez-Ramirez, S. (Santiago), Sandoval-Sierra, J. V. (J. Vladimir), Santamaria, S. (Sergi), Monteiro, J. S. (Josiane Santana), Schroers, H. J. (Hans Josef), Schulz, B. (Barbara), Schmidt-Stohn, G. (Geert), Schumacher, T. (Trond), Senn-Irlet, B. (Beatrice), Sevcikova, H. (Hana), Shchepin, O. (Oleg), Shirouzu, T. (Takashi), Shiryaev, A. (Anton), Siepe, K. (Klaus), Sir, E. B. (Esteban B.), Sohrabi, M. (Mohammad), Soop, K. (Karl), Spirin, V. (Viacheslav), Spribille, T. (Toby), Stadler, M. (Marc), Stalpers, J. (Joost), Stenroos, S. (Soili), Suija, A. (Ave), Sunhede, S. (Stellan), Svantesson, S. (Sten), Svensson, S. (Sigvard), Svetasheva, T. Y. (Tatyana Yu), Swierkosz, K. (Krzysztof), Tamm, H. (Heidi), Taskin, H. (Hatira), Taudiere, A. (Adrien), Tedebrand, J.-O. (Jan-Olof), Lahoz, R. T. (Raul Tena), Temina, M. (Marina), Thell, A. (Arne), Thines, M. (Marco), Thor, G. (Goren), Thus, H. (Holger), Tibell, L. (Leif), Tibell, S. (Sanja), Timdal, E. (Einar), Tkalcec, Z. (Zdenko), Tonsberg, T. (Tor), Trichies, G. (Gerard), Triebel, D. (Dagmar), Tsurykau, A. (Andrei), Tulloss, R. E. (Rodham E.), Tuovinen, V. (Veera), Sosa, M. U. (Miguel Ulloa), Urcelay, C. (Carlos), Valade, F. (Francois), Garza, R. V. (Ricardo Valenzuela), van den Boom, P. (Pieter), Van Vooren, N. (Nicolas), Vasco-Palacios, A. M. (Aida M.), Vauras, J. (Jukka), Santos, J. M. (Juan Manuel Velasco), Vellinga, E. (Else), Verbeken, A. (Annemieke), Vetlesen, P. (Per), Vizzini, A. (Alfredo), Voglmayr, H. (Hermann), Volobuev, S. (Sergey), von Brackel, W. (Wolfgang), Voronina, E. (Elena), Walther, G. (Grit), Watling, R. (Roy), Weber, E. (Evi), Wedin, M. (Mats), Weholt, O. (Oyvind), Westberg, M. (Martin), Yurchenko, E. (Eugene), Zehnalek, P. (Petr), Zhang, H. (Huang), Zhurbenko, M. P. (Mikhail P.), Ekmani, S. (Stefan), Zamora, J. C. (Juan Carlos), Svensson, M. (Mans), Kirschner, R. (Roland), Olariaga, I. (Ibai), Ryman, S. (Svengunnar), Alberto Parra, L. (Luis), Geml, J. (Jozsef), Rosling, A. (Anna), Adamcik, S. (Slavomir), Ahti, T. (Teuvo), Aime, M. C. (M. Catherine), Ainsworth, A. M. (A. Martyn), Albert, L. (Laszlo), Alberto, E. (Edgardo), Garcia, A. A. (Alberto Altes), Ageev, D. (Dmitry), Agerer, R. (Reinhard), Aguirre-Hudson, B. (Begona), Ammirati, J. (Joe), Andersson, H. (Harry), Angelini, C. (Claudio), Antonin, V. (Vladimir), Aoki, T. (Takayuki), Aptroot, A. (Andre), Argaud, D. (Didier), Sosa, B. I. (Blanca Imelda Arguello), Aronsen, A. (Arne), Arup, U. (Ulf), Asgari, B. (Bita), Assyov, B. (Boris), Atienza, V. (Violeta), Bandini, D. (Ditte), Baptista-Ferreira, J. L. (Joao Luis), Baral, H.-O. (Hans-Otto), Baroni, T. (Tim), Barreto, R. W. (Robert Weingart), Baker, H. (Henry), Bell, A. (Ann), Bellanger, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Bellu, F. (Francesco), Bemmann, M. (Martin), Bendiksby, M. (Mika), Bendiksen, E. (Egil), Bendiksen, K. (Katriina), Benedek, L. (Lajos), Beresova-Guttova, A. (Anna), Berger, F. (Franz), Berndt, R. (Reinhard), Bernicchia, A. (Annarosa), Biketova, A. Y. (Alona Yu), Bizio, E. (Enrico), Bjork, C. (Curtis), Boekhout, T. (Teun), Boertmann, D. (David), Bohning, T. (Tanja), Boittin, F. (Florent), Boluda, C. G. (Carlos G.), Boomsluiter, M. W. (Menno W.), Borovicka, J. (Jan), Brandrud, T. E. (Tor Erik), Braun, U. (Uwe), Brodo, I. (Irwin), Bulyonkova, T. (Tatiana), Burdsall, H. H. (Harold H., Jr.), Buyck, B. (Bart), Burgaz, A. R. (Ana Rosa), Calatayud, V. (Vicent), Callac, P. (Philippe), Campo, E. (Emanuele), Candusso, M. (Massimo), Capoen, B. (Brigitte), Carbo, J. (Joaquim), Carbone, M. (Matteo), Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F. (Rafael F.), Castellano, M. A. (Michael A.), Chen, J. (Jie), Clerc, P. (Philippe), Consiglio, G. (Giovanni), Corriol, G. (Gilles), Courtecuisse, R. (Regis), Crespo, A. (Ana), Cripps, C. (Cathy), Crous, P. W. (Pedro W.), da Silva, G. A. (Gladstone Alves), da Silva, M. (Meiriele), Dam, M. (Marjo), Dam, N. (Nico), Dammrich, F. (Frank), Das, K. (Kanad), Davies, L. (Linda), De Crop, E. (Eske), De Kesel, A. (Andre), De Lange, R. (Ruben), Bonzi, B. D. (Barbara De Madrignac), dela Cruz, T. E. (Thomas Edison E.), Delgat, L. (Lynn), Demoulin, V. (Vincent), Desjardin, D. E. (Dennis E.), Diederich, P. (Paul), Dima, B. (Balint), Dios, M. M. (Maria Martha), Divakar, P. K. (Pradeep Kumar), Douanla-Meli, C. (Clovis), Douglas, B. (Brian), Drechsler-Santos, E. R. (Elisandro Ricardo), Dyer, P. S. (Paul S.), Eberhardt, U. (Ursula), Ertz, D. (Damien), Esteve-Raventos, F. (Fernando), Salazar, J. A. (Javier Angel Etayo), Evenson, V. (Vera), Eyssartier, G. (Guillaume), Farkas, E. (Edit), Favre, A. (Alain), Fedosova, A. G. (Anna G.), Filippa, M. (Mario), Finy, P. (Peter), Flakus, A. (Adam), Fos, S. (Simon), Fournier, J. (Jacques), Fraiture, A. (Andre), Franchi, P. (Paolo), Molano, A. E. (Ana Esperanza Franco), Friebes, G. (Gernot), Frisch, A. (Andreas), Fryday, A. (Alan), Furci, G. (Giuliana), Marquez, R. G. (Ricardo Galan), Garbelotto, M. (Matteo), Garcia-Martin, J. M. (Joaquina Maria), Otalora, M. A. (Monica A. Garcia), Sanchez, D. G. (Dania Garcia), Gardiennet, A. (Alain), Garnica, S. (Sigisfredo), Benavent, I. G. (Isaac Garrido), Gates, G. (Genevieve), Gerlach, A. d. (Alice da Cruz Lima), Ghobad-Nejhad, M. (Masoomeh), Gibertoni, T. B. (Tatiana B.), Grebenc, T. (Tine), Greilhuber, I. (Irmgard), Grishkan, B. (Bella), Groenewald, J. Z. (Johannes Z.), Grube, M. (Martin), Gruhn, G. (Gerald), Gueidan, C. (Cecile), Gulden, G. (Gro), Gusmao, L. F. (Luis F. P.), Hafellner, J. (Josef), Hairaud, M. (Michel), Halama, M. (Marek), Hallenberg, N. (Nils), Halling, R. E. (Roy E.), Hansen, K. (Karen), Harder, C. B. (Christoffer Bugge), Heilmann-Clausen, J. (Jacob), Helleman, S. (Stip), Henriot, A. (Alain), Hernandez-Restrepo, M. (Margarita), Herve, R. (Raphael), Hobart, C. (Caroline), Hoffmeister, M. (Mascha), Hoiland, K. (Klaus), Holec, J. (Jan), Holien, H. (Hakon), Hughes, K. (Karen), Hubka, V. (Vit), Huhtinen, S. (Seppo), Ivancevic, B. (Boris), Jagers, M. (Marian), Jaklitsch, W. (Walter), Jansen, A. (AnnaElise), Jayawardena, R. S. (Ruvishika S.), Jeppesen, T. S. (Thomas Stjernegaard), Jeppson, M. (Mikael), Johnston, P. (Peter), Jorgensen, P. M. (Per Magnus), Karnefelt, I. (Ingvar), Kalinina, L. B. (Liudmila B.), Kantvilas, G. (Gintaras), Karadelev, M. (Mitko), Kasuya, T. (Taiga), Kautmanova, I. (Ivona), Kerrigan, R. W. (Richard W.), Kirchmair, M. (Martin), Kiyashko, A. (Anna), Knapp, D. G. (Daniel G.), Knudsen, H. (Henning), Knudsen, K. (Kerry), Knutsson, T. (Tommy), Kolarik, M. (Miroslav), Koljalg, U. (Urmas), Kosuthova, A. (Alica), Koszka, A. (Attila), Kotiranta, H. (Heikki), Kotkova, V. (Vera), Koukol, O. (Ondrej), Kout, J. (Jiri), Kovacs, G. M. (Gabor M.), Kriz, M. (Martin), Kruys, A. (Asa), Kudera, V. (Viktor), Kudzma, L. (Linas), Kuhar, F. (Francisco), Kukwa, M. (Martin), Kumar, T. K. (T. K. Arun), Kunca, V. (Vladimir), Kusan, I. (Ivana), Kuyper, T. W. (Thomas W.), Lado, C. (Carlos), Laessoe, T. (Thomas), Laine, P. (Patrice), Langer, E. (Ewald), Larsson, E. (Ellen), Larsson, K.-H. (Karl-Henrik), Laursen, G. (Gary), Lechat, C. (Christian), Lee, S. (Serena), Lendemer, J. C. (James C.), Levin, L. (Laura), Lindemann, U. (Uwe), Lindstrom, H. (Hakan), Liu, X. (Xingzhong), Hernandez, R. C. (Regulo Carlos Llarena), Llop, E. (Esteve), Locsmandi, C. (Csaba), Lodge, D. J. (Deborah Jean), Loizides, M. (Michael), Lokos, L. (Laszlo), Luangsa-ard, J. (Jennifer), Luderitz, M. (Matthias), Lumbsch, T. (Thorsten), Lutz, M. (Matthias), Mahoney, D. (Dan), Malysheva, E. (Ekaterina), Malysheva, V. (Vera), Manimohan, P. (Patinjareveettil), Mann-Felix, Y. (Yasmina), Marques, G. (Guilhermina), Martinez-Gil, R. (Ruben), Marson, G. (Guy), Mata, G. (Gerardo), Matheny, P. B. (P. Brandon), Mathiassen, G. H. (Geir Harald), Matocec, N. (Neven), Mayrhofer, H. (Helmut), Mehrabi, M. (Mehdi), Melo, I. (Ireneia), Mesic, A. (Armin), Methven, A. S. (Andrew S.), Miettinen, O. (Otto), Romero, A. M. (Ana M. Millanes), Miller, A. N. (Andrew N.), Mitchell, J. K. (James K.), Moberg, R. (Roland), Moreau, P.-A. (Pierre-Arthur), Moreno, G. (Gabriel), Morozova, O. (Olga), Morte, A. (Asuncion), Muggia, L. (Lucia), Gonzalez, G. M. (Guillermo Munoz), Myllys, L. (Leena), Nagy, I. (Istvan), Nagy, L. G. (Laszlo G.), Neves, M. A. (Maria Alice), Niemela, T. (Tuomo), Nimis, P. L. (Pier Luigi), Niveiro, N. (Nicolas), Noordeloos, M. E. (Machiel E.), Nordin, A. (Anders), Noumeur, S. R. (Sara Raouia), Novozhilov, Y. (Yuri), Nuytinck, J. (Jorinde), Ohenoja, E. (Esteri), Fiuza, P. O. (Patricia Oliveira), Orange, A. (Alan), Ordynets, A. (Alexander), Ortiz-Santana, B. (Beatriz), Pacheco, L. (Leticia), Pal-Fam, F. (Ferenc), Palacio, M. (Melissa), Palice, Z. (Zdenek), Papp, V. (Viktor), Partel, K. (Kadri), Pawlowska, J. (Julia), Paz, A. (Aurelia), Peintner, U. (Ursula), Pennycook, S. (Shaun), Pereira, O. L. (Olinto Liparini), Daniels, P. P. (Pablo Perez), Capella, M. A. (Miguel A. Perez-De-Gregorio), del Amo, C. M. (Carlos Manuel Perez), Gorjon, S. P. (Sergio Perez), Perez-Ortega, S. (Sergio), Perez-Vargas, I. (Israel), Perry, B. A. (Brian A.), Petersen, J. H. (Jens H.), Petersen, R. H. (Ronald H.), Pfister, D. H. (Donald H.), Phukhamsakda, C. (Chayanard), Piatek, M. (Marcin), Piepenbring, M. (Meike), Pino-Bodas, R. (Raquel), Esquivel, J. P. (Juan Pablo Pinzon), Pirot, P. (Paul), Popov, E. S. (Eugene S.), Popoff, O. (Orlando), Alvaro, M. P. (Maria Prieto), Printzen, C. (Christian), Psurtseva, N. (Nadezhda), Purahong, W. (Witoon), Quijada, L. (Luis), Rambold, G. (Gerhard), Ramirez, N. A. (Natalia A.), Raja, H. (Huzefa), Raspe, O. (Olivier), Raymundo, T. (Tania), Reblova, M. (Martina), Rebriev, Y. A. (Yury A.), Garcia, J. d. (Juan de Dios Reyes), Ripoll, M. A. (Miguel Angel Ribes), Richard, F. (Franck), Richardson, M. J. (Mike J.), Rico, V. J. (Victor J.), Robledo, G. L. (Gerardo Lucio), Barbosa, F. R. (Flavia Rodrigues), Rodriguez-Caycedo, C. (Cristina), Rodriguez-Flakus, P. (Pamela), Ronikier, A. (Anna), Casas, L. R. (Luis Rubio), Rusevska, K. (Katerina), Saar, G. (Gunter), Saar, I. (Irja), Salcedo, I. (Isabel), Martinez, S. M. (Sergio M. Salcedo), Montoya, C. A. (Carlos A. Salvador), Sanchez-Ramirez, S. (Santiago), Sandoval-Sierra, J. V. (J. Vladimir), Santamaria, S. (Sergi), Monteiro, J. S. (Josiane Santana), Schroers, H. J. (Hans Josef), Schulz, B. (Barbara), Schmidt-Stohn, G. (Geert), Schumacher, T. (Trond), Senn-Irlet, B. (Beatrice), Sevcikova, H. (Hana), Shchepin, O. (Oleg), Shirouzu, T. (Takashi), Shiryaev, A. (Anton), Siepe, K. (Klaus), Sir, E. B. (Esteban B.), Sohrabi, M. (Mohammad), Soop, K. (Karl), Spirin, V. (Viacheslav), Spribille, T. (Toby), Stadler, M. (Marc), Stalpers, J. (Joost), Stenroos, S. (Soili), Suija, A. (Ave), Sunhede, S. (Stellan), Svantesson, S. (Sten), Svensson, S. (Sigvard), Svetasheva, T. Y. (Tatyana Yu), Swierkosz, K. (Krzysztof), Tamm, H. (Heidi), Taskin, H. (Hatira), Taudiere, A. (Adrien), Tedebrand, J.-O. (Jan-Olof), Lahoz, R. T. (Raul Tena), Temina, M. (Marina), Thell, A. (Arne), Thines, M. (Marco), Thor, G. (Goren), Thus, H. (Holger), Tibell, L. (Leif), Tibell, S. (Sanja), Timdal, E. (Einar), Tkalcec, Z. (Zdenko), Tonsberg, T. (Tor), Trichies, G. (Gerard), Triebel, D. (Dagmar), Tsurykau, A. (Andrei), Tulloss, R. E. (Rodham E.), Tuovinen, V. (Veera), Sosa, M. U. (Miguel Ulloa), Urcelay, C. (Carlos), Valade, F. (Francois), Garza, R. V. (Ricardo Valenzuela), van den Boom, P. (Pieter), Van Vooren, N. (Nicolas), Vasco-Palacios, A. M. (Aida M.), Vauras, J. (Jukka), Santos, J. M. (Juan Manuel Velasco), Vellinga, E. (Else), Verbeken, A. (Annemieke), Vetlesen, P. (Per), Vizzini, A. (Alfredo), Voglmayr, H. (Hermann), Volobuev, S. (Sergey), von Brackel, W. (Wolfgang), Voronina, E. (Elena), Walther, G. (Grit), Watling, R. (Roy), Weber, E. (Evi), Wedin, M. (Mats), Weholt, O. (Oyvind), Westberg, M. (Martin), Yurchenko, E. (Eugene), Zehnalek, P. (Petr), Zhang, H. (Huang), Zhurbenko, M. P. (Mikhail P.), and Ekmani, S. (Stefan)
Abstract: Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN., Publisher’s Note A first version of this text was prepared by the first eight authors and the last one, given here. The other listed co-authors in the article PDF support the content, and their actual contributions varied from only support to additions that substantially improved the content. The full details of all co-authors, with their affiliations, are included in Supplementary Table 1 after p.175 of the article for reasons of clarity and space. Slavomír Adamčík Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia Teuvo Ahti Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland M. Catherine Aime Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, U.S.A. A. Martyn Ainsworth Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom László Albert Hungarian Mycological Society, 1087 Könyves Kálmán krt. 40, Budapest, Hungary Edgardo Albertó Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de San Martin-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina Alberto Altés García Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain Dmitry Ageev SIGNATEC Ltd., 630090, Novosibirsk, Akademgorodok (Novosibirsk Scientific Center), Inzhenernaya str., 22, Russia Reinhard Agerer Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany Begona Aguirre-Hudson Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom Joe Ammirati University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800, U.S.A. Harry Andersson Eichhahnweg 29a, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany Claudio Angelini Jardín Botánico Nacional Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso, Apartado 21-9, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Vladimír Antonín Moravian Museum, Zeny trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic Takayuki Aoki Genetic Reso
Published: 2018

19. The Plant Cell Wall-Decomposing Machinery Underlies the Functional Diversity of Forest Fungi

Author: Eastwood, D.C., Floudas, D., Binder, M., Majcherczyk, A., Schneider, P., Aerts, A., Asiegbu, F.O., Baker, S.E., Barry, K., Bendiksby, M., Blumentritt, M., Coutinho, P.M., Cullen, D., De Vries, R.P., Gathman, A.C., Goodell, B., Henrissat, B., Ihrmark, K., Kauserud, H., Kohler, A., LaButti, K., Lapidus, A., Lavin, J.L., Lee, Y.A., Lindquist, E., Lilly, W.W., Lucas, S., Morin, E., Murat, C., Oguiza, J.A., Park, J., Pisabarro, A.G., Riley, R., Rosling, A., Salamov, A., Schmidt, O., Schmutz, J., Skrede, I., Stenlid, J., Wiebenga, A., Xie, X., Kuees, U., Hibbett, D.S., Hoffmeister, D., Hogberg, N., Martin, F., Grigoriev, I.V., Watkinson, S.C., Eastwood, D.C., Floudas, D., Binder, M., Majcherczyk, A., Schneider, P., Aerts, A., Asiegbu, F.O., Baker, S.E., Barry, K., Bendiksby, M., Blumentritt, M., Coutinho, P.M., Cullen, D., De Vries, R.P., Gathman, A.C., Goodell, B., Henrissat, B., Ihrmark, K., Kauserud, H., Kohler, A., LaButti, K., Lapidus, A., Lavin, J.L., Lee, Y.A., Lindquist, E., Lilly, W.W., Lucas, S., Morin, E., Murat, C., Oguiza, J.A., Park, J., Pisabarro, A.G., Riley, R., Rosling, A., Salamov, A., Schmidt, O., Schmutz, J., Skrede, I., Stenlid, J., Wiebenga, A., Xie, X., Kuees, U., Hibbett, D.S., Hoffmeister, D., Hogberg, N., Martin, F., Grigoriev, I.V., and Watkinson, S.C.
Published: 2011

20. The Plant Cell Wall-Decomposing Machinery Underlies the Functional Diversity of Forest Fungi

Author: Eastwood, D.C., Floudas, D., Binder, M., Majcherczyk, A., Schneider, P., Aerts, A., Asiegbu, F.O., Baker, S.E., Barry, K., Bendiksby, M., Blumentritt, M., Coutinho, P.M., Cullen, D., De Vries, R.P., Gathman, A.C., Goodell, B., Henrissat, B., Ihrmark, K., Kauserud, H., Kohler, A., LaButti, K., Lapidus, A., Lavin, J.L., Lee, Y.A., Lindquist, E., Lilly, W.W., Lucas, S., Morin, E., Murat, C., Oguiza, J.A., Park, J., Pisabarro, A.G., Riley, R., Rosling, A., Salamov, A., Schmidt, O., Schmutz, J., Skrede, I., Stenlid, J., Wiebenga, A., Xie, X., Kuees, U., Hibbett, D.S., Hoffmeister, D., Hogberg, N., Martin, F., Grigoriev, I.V., Watkinson, S.C., Eastwood, D.C., Floudas, D., Binder, M., Majcherczyk, A., Schneider, P., Aerts, A., Asiegbu, F.O., Baker, S.E., Barry, K., Bendiksby, M., Blumentritt, M., Coutinho, P.M., Cullen, D., De Vries, R.P., Gathman, A.C., Goodell, B., Henrissat, B., Ihrmark, K., Kauserud, H., Kohler, A., LaButti, K., Lapidus, A., Lavin, J.L., Lee, Y.A., Lindquist, E., Lilly, W.W., Lucas, S., Morin, E., Murat, C., Oguiza, J.A., Park, J., Pisabarro, A.G., Riley, R., Rosling, A., Salamov, A., Schmidt, O., Schmutz, J., Skrede, I., Stenlid, J., Wiebenga, A., Xie, X., Kuees, U., Hibbett, D.S., Hoffmeister, D., Hogberg, N., Martin, F., Grigoriev, I.V., and Watkinson, S.C.
Published: 2011

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1. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

2. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell.

3. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

4. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

5. Fusarium : more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

6. Fusarium : more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

7. Fusarium : more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

8. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

9. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell.

10. Fusarium : more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

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16. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

17. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

18. Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa

19. The Plant Cell Wall-Decomposing Machinery Underlies the Functional Diversity of Forest Fungi

20. The Plant Cell Wall-Decomposing Machinery Underlies the Functional Diversity of Forest Fungi

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