Search

Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are parasitic infections that affect millions of people worldwide, producing thousands of deaths per year. The current treatments against these pathologies are not totally effective and produce some side effects in the patients. Acrylonitrile derivatives are a group of compounds that have shown activity against these two diseases. In this work, four novels synthetic acrylonitriles were evaluated against the intracellular form and extracellular forms of L. amazonensis and T. cruzi. The compounds 2 and 3 demonstrate to have good selectivity indexes against both parasites, specifically the compound 3 against the amastigote form (SI = 6 against L. amazonensis and SI = 7.4 against T. cruzi). In addition, the parasites treated with these two compounds demonstrate to produce a programmed cell death, since they were positive for the events studied related to this type of death, including chromatin condensation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alteration of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, this work confirms that acrylonitriles is a source of possible new compounds against kinetoplastids, however, more studies are needed to corroborate this activity.

En 2014 comencé como profesor de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y tuve la gran suerte de compartir la asignatura de Músicas del mundo con una de las investigadoras-profesoras más valoradas en la Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Victoria Eli. Esto no solo era por las compañeras/os sino por los alumnos del grado, máster y doctorado en Musicología. Desde entonces han sido numerosos nuestros encuentros. Recuerdo con cariño un concierto de músicos de jazz cubanos (Ariel Brínguez, Michael Olivera, etc.) en el Café Central de Madrid y cómo nos contaba con entusiasmo que los solos que escuchábamos estaban basados en un canto Yoruba. De la voz de la que fue maestra en La Habana de músicos de la generación de Gonzalo Rubalcaba, Victoria Eli nos cuenta en primera persona sobre su etapa de formación, investigación y docencia como musicóloga. Cuando Miguel A. García nos sugirió escribir sobre Victoria se nos ocurrió grabar y transcribir nuestros encuentros para tener su voz y pensamientos sobre nuestra disciplina lo más fidedignos posible., Depto. de Musicología, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, pub

Este proyecto de Innovación Docente ha tenido como principal objetivo la creación de un videojuego o aventura gráfica de ficción climática para Internet dirigido a jóvenes, con el que se aporta una herramienta atractiva de sensibilización sobre la gravedad del cambio climático a la vez que se proponen formas de adaptación a los distintos escenarios posibles. La aventura gráfica es accesible de forma gratuita y multiplataforma desde el sitio web www.winterbicycle.com, creado específicamente para el proyecto. La aventura gráfica Winter Bicycle nos traslada a una ciudad costera para poder analizar con detalle el impacto del cambio climático en el transcurso de 40 años. La historia de Nicol, principal protagonista, nos permite vivir en primera persona la gravedad de esos impactos, como afectada pero también como responsable de los mismos.

Professional fishing in Catalonia has traditionally been a major economic activity, but analysis show a decreasing trend in catches and revenues over the last decade. During this period, landings at the fishing markets reached a maximum value of 37 044 tons (t) in 2006, while a minimum of 16 157 t was registered in 2023. Revenues also decreased from their maximum value of 130 million € (M€) in 2007 to a minimum of 86.18 M€ in 2023, despite a rebound in 2021 and 2022, when revenues reached to 91.05 M€ and 94.39 M€ respectively. The average value of landings in € per kilo has been increasing since 2002, from a minimum value of 3.42 €/kg in 2002 to a maximum of 5.33 €/kg in 2023. Regarding the Catalan fishing fleet, it decreased from 1 087 fishing vessels in 2002 to 535 in 2023. During 2023, the Catalan fishing fleet catches and revenues decreased by 20.38% and 7.18% respectively, compared to the previous year, while the average landings in € per kilo increased by 16.38% (0.75 €/kg). Meanwhile, freshwater fishing and shellfishing on foot landed 288.58 t and generated revenues of 2.01 M€, 1.55% and 0.33% more than in 2021 respectively. Over 98% of these 2023 landings and revenues correspond to the Catalan marine fishing fleet, while the remaining 2% correspond to freshwater fishing and shellfishing on foot. In Catalonia, there are 6 management plans designed and implemented by co-management committees. In 2023, 33% of the commercial fishing fleet and 64% of the small-scale fishing fleet have been managed by these management plans. The analysis of the indicators of the main fishing sectors of the Catalan fishing fleet in 2023 shows that small scale fishing is the activity with the greatest fishing fleet, followed by bottom trawling. Purse seine produces the greatest volume of landings, while bottom trawling produces the greatest revenues, due to the high price of some of the target species on this sector (i.e. blue and red shrimp and Norway lobster). The following specie

The deep-sea Caribbean lobster (Metanephrops binghami) and the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) are Nephropidae species of high commercial interest. Although the first one still remains unexploited, the second is overexploited in the Mediterranean Sea. For effective fisheries management, size at sexual maturity is an essential indicator to protect immature individuals from exploitation. The estimation of this indicator can, however, be biased due to the difficulty of differentiating juveniles from adults by their size structure due to the natural process of molting. This study aims to estimate the size at sexual maturity of M. binghami and N. norvegicus females by comparing the effectiveness of the morphometric method versus the macroscopic evaluation of gonad maturity. Samples of M. binghami were collected from the Colombian Caribbean Sea in August and December 2009, March and May 2010, and August 2020 to May 2021. Samples of N. norvegicus were collected from the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from 2019 to 2022. Similar sizes at sexual maturity were found for M. binghami between the morphometric approach (ranging from 28.6 to 33.9 mm cephalothorax length, CL) and the gonadal staging approach (31.4 mm CL). Conversely, for N. norvegicus, the morphometric approach yielded higher measurements (between 27.2 and 30.4 mm CL) than the gonadal approach (26.0 mm CL). This discrepancy might stem from the intense fishing overexploitation conditions of N. norvergicus, leading to a physiological adaptation that enables earlier gonadal maturation at faster rates than morphometric adaptation. Further research is required to elucidate these discrepancies and the effect of overexploitation on physiological (i.e., mature gonads) and functional maturity (i.e., capacity to brood eggs at a larger size)

The deep-water rose shrimp is a main resource for the GSA 6 bottom trawling fleet. In the last decade, landings have increased without a clear understanding of the causes. This study aims to analyze this trend, potentially related to changes in environmental conditions. Results showed an increase in the species' landings, which spread northwards along the GSA 6. GAM models detected a significant effect of location, time, and depth on the distribution of the deep-water rose shrimp, as did for temperature and salinity. Similar values between landings and LPUE were found throughout, suggesting no effects of fishing effort in time. ANOVA tests showed a significant increase of sea bottom temperature and salinity in time, which were correlated with increasing LPUE values. Then, the trend seems to be related to environmental changes rather than changes in fishing effort. Further research is needed to implement management plans that ensure the resource sustainability

En aquest informe es presenten les dades de les enquestes realitzades a la flota pesquera i personal de llotja que opera en la Mar de l’Ebre (des de les Cases d’Alcanar fins l’Ametlla de Mar) en relació a les captures i percepció socioeconòmica del llagostí cafè (Penaeus aztecus), procedent de l’Atlàntic nord-occidental i recentment detectada a Catalunya. Les enquestes van ser realitzades entre novembre i desembre de 2023 i els resultats validats per l’Institut Català de Recerca per a la Governança del Mar (ICATMAR), un òrgan de cooperació entre la Direcció General de Política Marítima i Pesca Sostenible del Departament d’Acció Climàtica, Alimentació i Agenda Rural de la Generalitat de Catalunya i l’Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Desde ICATMAR el seguimiento de la pesca de la costa catalana se divide entre la recreativa y la comercial (Figura 1). [...]

The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, is one of the most valuable fishery resources in many coastal countries of the Mediterranean Sea and the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. In the Mediterranean Sea, several stocks are being overexploited, with ecological, economic, and social consequences. To perform an adequate stock assessment and provide guidance on maximum sustainable yield, reliable biological parameters of the species are required. Considering that biological parameters may change over time in overexploited populations, in the present study, we updated key biological parameters for the N. norvegicus stock of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea: size at which 50% (L50) of females were in reproductive condition, length–weight relationship, and individual size structure. Moreover, daily landings were combined with the spatial position of the vessels tracked by their Vessel Monitoring System (VMS), to obtain information on the geographical distribution and time series of Landings Per Unit Effort (LPUE), as well as total landings from 2008 to 2021. Our results suggest overexploitation of the resource, revealing a severe reduction in size at 50% maturity, an earlier spawning and brooding period, and a clear decrease of LPUE over time

Palaeoproteomic analysis of skeletal proteomes is used to provide taxonomic identifications for an increasing number of archaeological specimens. The success rate depends on a range of taphonomic factors and differences in the extraction protocols employed. By analyzing 12 archaeological bone specimens from two archaeological sites, we demonstrate that reducing digestion duration from 18 to 3 hours has no measurable impact on the obtained taxonomic identifications. Peptide marker recovery, COL1 sequence coverage, or proteome complexity are also not significantly impacted. Although we observe minor differences in sequence coverage and glutamine deamidation, these are not consistent across our dataset. A 6-fold reduction in digestion time reduces electricity consumption, and therefore CO 2 emission intensities. We furthermore demonstrate that working in 96-well plates further reduces electricity consumption by 60%, in comparison to individual microtubes. Reducing digestion time therefore has no impact on the taxonomic identifications, while reducing the environmental impact of palaeoproteomic projects.

Entre las calles empedradas del municipio de Baltanás, el Barrio de Bodegas se ensalza como un claro patrimonio tangible de la tradición vinícola que ha perdurado a lo largo de los años. Un conjunto etnológico con 374 bodegas actualmente en uso de las cuales algunas datan del año 1543. Este trabajo tiene como finalidad : I) Reunir todos los datos disponibles en diferentes fuentes, incluyendo informes y estudios precisos de la cuestión, información transmitida por vía oral, archivos documentales de Baltanás y bibliotecas a nivel provincial, II) caracterizar los materiales pétreos, en especial el yeso, que componen las bodegas de Baltanás y III) plantear un material para la restauración interior de las bodegas que sea vernáculo, mediante el uso de un horno de yeso tradicional. El estudio de los hornos de yeso tradicionales me ha permitido descubrir un patrimonio cultural único que tuvo tanta importancia para muchas familias españolas durante la época preindustrial. Este oficio, quizás humilde para muchos, se ha transmitido de generación en generación y en la actualidad, está cayendo en desuso, sustituido y eclipsado por la producción industrial del material. Sin embargo, existe una clara evidencia de los beneficios que tiene la producción tradicional frente a la industrial. Con esa premisa en mente, optimista ante el proceso, se procede con la propuesta de la recuperación de un horno tradicional.

El álbum que presento reflexiona sobre la visión etnocéntrica que tenemos del mundo. Al realizar trabajo de campo en distintos contextos culturales y estudiar la música como cultura se evidencia la perspectiva del investigador. Por ello, mi doble posicionamiento como músico y (etno)musicólogo es esencial para entender este disco, así como las músicas y músicos (cubanos, flamencos, jazzeros, rockeros, hip hop...) que han aportado su experiencia a la asignatura de Músicas del Mundo que imparto en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Este disco lo he querido grabar con ellos. Conceptos, viajes y vivencias se entremezclan en este álbum que espero les encante., Depto. de Musicología, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, pub

Tras revisar literatura existente sobre jazz-flamenco, nuevo flamenco e hibridación, así como la aportación Americana al flamenco realizada por Calvo y Gamboa (1994), Faustino Núñez (1998, 2021), Zagalaz (2012), Peter Manuel (2016), etc., hemos analizando una serie de proyectos musicales de músicos cubano-españoles como Ariel Brínguez, Michael Olivera, Reiner Elizarde; o los pianistas: Pepe Rivero y Arturo Rodríguez que dialogan y enriquecen la escena de jazz de Madrid pero también la del flamenco. Tomando como referente la gran aportación realizada por músicos cubanos de las generaciones precedentes como Bebo Valdés o Alain Pérez, que giraron con Paco de Lucía, en este artículo analizamos como Ariel Brínguez y Michael Olivera, en particular, enriquecen los proyectos de músicos como Pablo Martín Caminero o producen otros como el de Antonio Lizana. En distintos formatos estos músicos con doble o triple formación en clásica, jazz y flamenco nos permiten repensar conceptos de hibridación transcultural e identidad múltiple. Tal y como cantan expresan artistas como Buika, consolidándose como exponentes de la nueva afro-spanish generation. Su aportación es prueba de cómo estos músicos cubanos se han convertido en una parte esencial de la historia del flamenco., After conducting a thorough revision of the already existent literature about jazzflamenco, new flamenco and hybridization, including the American contribution to flamenco realized by Calvo and Gamboa (1994), Faustino Núñez (1998-2021), Zagalaz (2012-2018), Peter Manuel (2016), etc., we have analyzed a series of musical projects of Cuban-Spanish musicians: Ariel Brínguez, Michael Olivera, Reiner Elizarde and other pianists: Pepe Rivero and Arturo Rodríguez, to see how they enrich not only the jazz scene in Madrid but also the flamenco scene. Taking as a reference the great contribution of Cuban musicians of previous generations like Bebo Valdés or Alain Pérez, who traveled in music tours with Paco de Lucía, in this article we analyze in which Ariel Brínguez and Michael Olivera have enriched musical ideas, focusing on Pablo Martín Caminero’sprojects, or have produced others of artist such us Antonio Lizana. In different formats these musicians with double or even triple education in classical, jazz and flamenco music allow us to rethink concepts like transcultural hybridation and multiple identity, that artists such as Buika expressed so well and hence became part of the new afro-spanish generation, and also are a god example of the way in which these artists are an essential part of the history of flamenco., Depto. de Musicología, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

Federico García Lorca y su relación con el flamenco ha sido investigada infinidad de veces por flamencólogos, poetas, antropólogos, etnomusicólogos, sociólogos, etc. Sin embargo, no ha sido estudiada en profundidad desde un punto de vista de la producción musical. Teniendo como referentes los discos y espectáculos de Enrique Morente, Eva Yerbabuena, etc., jóvenes bailaoras, músicos y musicólogos de diversas procedencias coincidimos en un contexto cultural bastante alejado de Granada, el nordeste de Reino Unido, y creamos un espectáculo llamado Lorca y su Flamenco que giraría por Leeds, North Tyneside y York. Al igual que otras producciones flamencas multiculturales, esta fue concebida como un proceso colaborativo con ensayos realizados en un contexto, Newcastle upon Tyne, y puesta en escenas en otros. Tras un nuevo trabajo de campo realizado con los informantes-participantes de aquel proyecto, analizaremos en este artículo el proceso de creación y recepción que tuvo especialmente para el público británico., The relationship between Federico García Lorca and his flamenco has been researched on many occasions by poets, anthropologists, ethnomusicologists, sociologists, and specialists in flamenco, etc. However, it has not been researched in depth from a production point of view. Using albums and performances by Enrique Morente, Eva Yerbabuena, and others as a reference, young dancers, musicians, and musicologists from different backgrounds worked together in a cultural context to put together a performance called Lorca y su Flamenco, not in Granada, but in the Northeast of the United Kingdom, which toured through the cities of Leeds, North Tyneside, and York. Similar to other multicultural flamenco performances, it wasconceived as a collaborative project, with rehearsals in Newcastle upon Tyne, which was then performed in other cities. Having carried out fieldwork with the participants of those events, in this article I will analyse the process of creation and the reception of the audience, in particular, the British audience., Depto. de Musicología, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

2022 Descuento MDPI, Protein supplements (PS) are trendy foods, especially those made from whey. In addition to providing protein, these products are a source of metals, providing essential elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn) and other potentially toxic elements (Al, B, Sr, V Ba, and Ni). In this study, 47 whey PS samples were analyzed for mineral elements by ICP-OES, and their dietary exposures were assessed for three consumption scenarios. Elements found in higher concentrations were K (4689.10 mg/kg) and Ca (3811.27 mg/kg). The intake of 30 g PS (average recommended amount/day) provides about 20% of the established reference value (NRI) for Cr (18.30% for men and 25.63% for women) and Mo (26.99%). In a high daily consumption scenario (100 g PS/day) and when the maximum concentrations are considered, Cr, Zn, Fe, Mo, and Mg dietary intakes of these metals exceed the daily recommended intakes and could pose a risk. The daily intake of 30, 60, and 100 g of whey PS for 25 years does not pose a health risk since the hazard index (HI) is less than one in these consumption scenarios, and the essential elements contributing most to HI are Co, followed by Mo and Cr. It is recommended to improve the information to the consumers of these new products. Furthermore, to help in the management and prevention of these potential health risks, it would be advisable to improve the regulation of these dietary supplements and their labeling., Depto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub, Descuento UCM

Este trabajo pretende analizar la huella de la Comedia del Arte, como fenómeno teatral y como fuente de una iconografía propia, en la obra de Pablo Picasso entre 1899 y 1936, periodo en el cual aparece de manera reiterada. El tema se ha elegido debido a un interés personal por la Comedia del Arte, generado por la asistencia a un curso de Historia del Teatro en Italia, donde se pudo apreciar la singularidad de esta tradición teatral y su importancia en dicho país. De ahí surgió la curiosidad de conocer cómo este género teatral tan tradicional, que ha trascendido las fronteras de la Península Itálica, se reflejó en las artes visuales a lo largo del tiempo. En este sentido, la inclinación final por la figura de Picasso se debe, principalmente, a que es uno de los artistas que más repiten esta iconografía en su obra, así como por la escasez de investigaciones e información al respecto, lo cual nos resultó bastante llamativo, tratándose de una figura tan fundamental en la Historia del Arte. Con todo, la finalidad del trabajo es poder entender cómo llegó esta iconografía hasta Picasso y por qué aparece tanto en su obra durante la citada cronología, así como aportar un nuevo e interdisciplinar punto de vista desde el cual revisitar la obra de un artista de este calado en el 50 aniversario de su muerte., Departamento de Historia del Arte, Grado en Historia del Arte

The perception of dwarfism as an object of ridicule and source of entertainment was not only translated from antiquity into the custom of «owning» domestic dwarves, but was also transferred to the iconography of the dwarf in general and the dancing dwarf in particular, the latter always associated with festive rituals involving music and dance. This article analyses a series of representations of dancing dwarves from classical antiquity to the first half of the 18th century, a high point in the European dissemination of satirical dwarf images through engraving, which coincides with the appearance of festive dwarves on the island of La Palma., La percepción del enanismo como objeto risible y fuente de entretenimiento no solo se tradujo desde antaño en la costumbre de «poseer» enanos domésticos, sino que se trasladó a la iconografía del enano en general y del enano danzante en particular, estando siempre este último vinculado al ritual festivo, que incluía música y danza. Este artículo analiza una serie de representaciones de enanos danzantes desde la Antigüedad Clásica hasta la primera mitad del siglo XVIII, momento álgido en la difusión europea de imágenes de enanos satíricos a través del grabado y que coincide con la aparición de enanos festivos en la isla de La Palma.

Este proyecto de Innovación Docente propone un estimulante y creativo trabajo con alumnado y profesorado a partir de las narrativas literarias y cinematográficas de la ficción climática, un subgénero donde el cambio climático dificulta las condiciones de vida de la sociedad futura, integrando la “fantasía climática” y “la ciencia ficción”. Varios estudios académicos apuestan por la ficción climática como un recurso pedagógico y de sensibilización para enfrentarse al cambio climático y facilitar los procesos de mitigación y adaptación a uno de los principales retos a los que se enfrenta la humanidad en las próximas décadas.

In the context of Artificial Intelligence, Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) allow the creation and reproduction of artificial data from real datasets. The aims of this work are to seek to verify the equivalence of synthetic data with real data and to verify the possibilities of GAN in educational research. The research methodology begins with the creation of a survey that collects data related to the self-perceptions of university teachers regarding their digital competence and technological-pedagogical knowledge of the content (TPACK model). Once the original dataset is generated, twenty-nine different synthetic samples are created (with an increasing N) using the COPULA-GAN procedure. Finally, a two-stage cluster analysis is applied to verify the interchangeability of the synthetic samples with the original, in addition to extracting descriptive data of the distribution characteristics, thereby checking the similarity of the qualitative results. In the results, qualitatively very similar cluster structures have been obtained in the 150 tests carried out, with a clear tendency to identify three types of teaching profiles, based on their level of technical-pedagogical knowledge of the content. It is concluded that the use of synthetic samples is an interesting way of improving data quality, both for security and anonymization and for increasing sample sizes., En el contexto de la Inteligencia Artificial, las Redes Generativas Adversarias (GAN por sus siglas en inglés) permiten la creación y reproducción de datos artificiales a partir de conjuntos de datos reales. Los objetivos de este trabajo consisten en verificar la equivalencia entre datos sintéticos y datos reales, así como en comprobar las posibilidades de las GAN en la investigación educativa. La metodología de investigación comienza con la creación de una encuesta que recoge datos relativos a las percepciones propias de los profesores universitarios acerca de su competencia digital y el conocimiento tecnológico-pedagógico del contenido (modelo TPACK). Una vez generado el conjunto de datos original, se crean veintinueve muestras sintéticas distintas (con una N -network [red]- aumentada) mediante el procedimiento COPULA-GAN. Por último, un análisis de conglomerados en dos fases sirve para verificar la intercambiabilidad de las muestras sintéticas con el original, además de extraer datos descriptivos sobre las características de la distribución, comprobando de esa manera la similitud entre los resultados cualitativos. En los resultados se han obtenido estructuras de conglomerados muy similares en las 150 pruebas realizadas, con una tendencia clara a identificar tres tipos de perfiles docentes basándose en su nivel de conocimiento técnico-pedagógico del contenido. Se concluye que el uso de muestras sintéticas constituye una manera interesante de mejorar la calidad de los datos, tanto en términos de seguridad y anonimización como para incrementar el tamaño de las muestras.

Within a simulated Milky Way-like galaxy, we identify and analyse analogues of the Gaia-Enceladus (GE), Kraken and Sequoia mergers that each matches remarkably well observational results, including in velocity and chemical abundance space, and their distributions in the $j_{z}$-Energy plane. The Kraken analogue is the earliest merger and has the highest total mass ratio. Consistent with previous studies, it is chemically indistinguishable from old in-situ stars at the time of its accretion. The GE and Sequoia analogue events accrete at similar times in our simulation, both along filaments but from opposite sides of the main galaxy. The mean stellar ages of the GE and Sequoia analogues are both similar and, from our simulation results, we see that they can be separate entities and still naturally reproduce the observed properties of their stellar remnants at the present day, including the significant retrograde velocities of the Sequoia analogue remnant stars and the difference in the tracks of the two galaxies through chemical abundance space. Our results provide supporting information about the properties of these three merger events, and show for the first time that they can all be reproduced with a fully cosmological simulation, providing a possible self consistent evolutionary pathway for the Milky Way's formation., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, published in MNRAS (accepted version)

The seafloor of the Mediterranean Sea accumulates marine litter (ML), an area where bottom trawlers operate and can accidentally catch the litter from the seafloor. This study aims to describe and quantify the ML caught by bottom trawlers along the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean Sea) and estimate the potential of the bottom trawl fleet to extract ML from the area as a Fishing for Litter (FFL) initiative to tackle the ML issue. Marine litter was collected from commercial trawlers and was classified as metal, plastic, rubber, textile, wood, and other waste and weighed (kg) from 305 hauls performed during three years (2019–2021) from 9 different ports at 3 different depths. ML was present in 97 % of the hauls, with plastic being the most abundant material. The composition varied according to zone, port and depth, with the highest densities found in highly urbanized areas (13.75 ± 3.25 kg km−2), which mainly contained plastics (74.3 %). The port of Barcelona had the highest presence of plastics (23.62 ± 6.49 kg km−2), mainly wet wipes. Regarding depth, the continental shelf had the highest density of ML, with 12.24 ± 2.40 kg km−2. The potential ML removal (t year−1) was calculated using fishing effort (hours). It is estimated that the bottom trawlers may potentially remove 237 ± 36 t year−1 of ML in the Catalan coast. FFL initiatives should be part of a multidisciplinary approach to tackle marine litter, which must include prevention, monitoring, and cleaning actions

Chagas disease causes a problematic pathology that can lead to megacolon and heart disease, and can even cause the death of the patient. Current therapies for this disease are the same as they were 50 years ago, are not fully effective and have strong side effects. The lack of a safe and effective therapy makes it necessary to search for new, less toxic and totally effective compounds against this parasite. In this work, the antichagasic activity of 46 novel cyanomethyl vinyl ether derivatives was studied. In addition, to elucidate the type of cell death that these compounds produce in parasites, several events related to programmed cell death were studied. The results highlight four more selective compounds, E63, E64, E74 and E83, which also appear to trigger programmed cell death, and are therefore postulated as good candidates to use in future therapeutics for Chagas disease.

Among neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis is one of the leading causes, not only of deaths but also of disability-adjusted life years. This disease, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, triggers different clinical manifestations, with cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral forms. As existing treatments for this parasitosis are not sufficiently effective or safe for the patient, in this work, different sesquiterpenes isolated from the red alga Laurencia johnstonii have been studied for this purpose. The different compounds were tested in vitro against the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Different assays were also performed, including the measurement of mitochondrial potential, determination of ROS accumulation, and chromatin condensation, among others, focused on the detection of the cell death process known in this type of organism as apoptosis-like. Five compounds were identified that displayed leishmanicidal activity: laurequinone, laurinterol, debromolaurinterol, isolaurinterol, and aplysin, showing IC50 values against promastigotes of 1.87, 34.45, 12.48, 10.09, and 54.13 µM, respectively. Laurequinone was the most potent compound tested and was shown to be more effective than the reference drug miltefosine against promastigotes. Different death mechanism studies carried out showed that laurequinone appears to induce programmed cell death or apoptosis in the parasite studied. The obtained results underline the potential of this sesquiterpene as a novel anti-kinetoplastid therapeutic agent.

Among neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis is one of the leading causes, not only of deaths but also of disability-adjusted life years. This disease, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, triggers different clinical manifestations, with cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral forms. As existing treatments for this parasitosis are not sufficiently effective or safe for the patient, in this work, different sesquiterpenes isolated from the red alga Laurencia johnstonii have been studied for this purpose. The different compounds were tested in vitro against the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Different assays were also performed, including the measurement of mitochondrial potential, determination of ROS accumulation, and chromatin condensation, among others, focused on the detection of the cell death process known in this type of organism as apoptosis-like. Five compounds were identified that displayed leishmanicidal activity: laurequinone, laurinterol, debromolaurinterol, isolaurinterol, and aplysin, showing IC50 values against promastigotes of 1.87, 34.45, 12.48, 10.09, and 54.13 µM, respectively. Laurequinone was the most potent compound tested and was shown to be more effective than the reference drug miltefosine against promastigotes. Different death mechanism studies carried out showed that laurequinone appears to induce programmed cell death or apoptosis in the parasite studied. The obtained results underline the potential of this sesquiterpene as a novel anti-kinetoplastid therapeutic agent.

Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease affect millions of people worldwide. The available treatments against these parasitic diseases are limited and display multiple undesired effects. The brown alga belonging to the genus Gongolaria has been previously reported as a source of compounds with different biological activities. In a recent study from our group, Gongolaria abies-marine was proven to present antiamebic activity. Hence, this brown alga could be a promising source of interesting molecules for the development of new antiprotozoal drugs. In this study, four meroterpenoids were isolated and purified from a dichloromethane/ethyl acetate crude extract through a bioguided fractionation process targeting kinetoplastids. Moreover, the in vitro activity and toxicity were evaluated, and the induction of programmed cell death was checked in the most active and less toxic compounds, namely gongolarone B (2), 6Z-1′-methoxyamentadione (3) and 1′-methoxyamentadione (4). These meroterpenoids triggered mitochondrial malfunction, oxidative stress, chromatin condensation and alterations of the tubulin network. Furthermore, a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image analysis showed that meroterpenoids (2–4) induced the formation of autophagy vacuoles and ER and Golgi complex disorganization. The obtained results demonstrated that the mechanisms of action at the cellular level of these compounds were able to induce autophagy as well as an apoptosis-like process in the treated parasites.

In the context of Artificial Intelligence, Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) allow the creation and reproduction of artificial data from real datasets. The aims of this work are to seek to verify the equivalence of synthetic data with real data and to verify the possibilities of GAN in educational research. The research methodology begins with the creation of a survey that collects data related to the self-perceptions of university teachers regarding their digital competence and technological-pedagogical knowledge of the content (TPACK model). Once the original dataset is generated, twenty-nine different synthetic samples are created (with an increasing N) using the COPULA-GAN procedure. Finally, a two-stage cluster analysis is applied to verify the interchangeability of the synthetic samples with the original, in addition to extracting descriptive data of the distribution characteristics, thereby checking the similarity of the qualitative results. In the results, qualitatively very similar cluster structures have been obtained in the 150 tests carried out, with a clear tendency to identify three types of teaching profiles, based on their level of technical-pedagogical knowledge of the content. It is concluded that the use of synthetic samples is an interesting way of improving data quality, both for security and anonymization and for increasing sample sizes., En el contexto de la Inteligencia Artificial, las Redes Generativas Adversarias (GAN por sus siglas en inglés) permiten la creación y reproducción de datos artificiales a partir de conjuntos de datos reales. Los objetivos de este trabajo consisten en verificar la equivalencia entre datos sintéticos y datos reales, así como en comprobar las posibilidades de las GAN en la investigación educativa. La metodología de investigación comienza con la creación de una encuesta que recoge datos relativos a las percepciones propias de los profesores universitarios acerca de su competencia digital y el conocimiento tecnológico-pedagógico del contenido (modelo TPACK). Una vez generado el conjunto de datos original, se crean veintinueve muestras sintéticas distintas (con una N -network [red]- aumentada) mediante el procedimiento COPULA-GAN. Por último, un análisis de conglomerados en dos fases sirve para verificar la intercambiabilidad de las muestras sintéticas con el original, además de extraer datos descriptivos sobre las características de la distribución, comprobando de esa manera la similitud entre los resultados cualitativos. En los resultados se han obtenido estructuras de conglomerados muy similares en las 150 pruebas realizadas, con una tendencia clara a identificar tres tipos de perfiles docentes basándose en su nivel de conocimiento técnico-pedagógico del contenido. Se concluye que el uso de muestras sintéticas constituye una manera interesante de mejorar la calidad de los datos, tanto en términos de seguridad y anonimización como para incrementar el tamaño de las muestras.

En el marc de la recopilació de dades sobre la pesca a Catalunya realitzat per l’Institut Català de Recerca per a la Governança del Mar (ICATMAR), l’any 2020 es va començar la recollida sistemàtica de dades socioeconòmiques sobre la flota pesquera comercial catalana a través d’una prova pilot al port de Vilanova i la Geltrú (ICATMAR 20-01). L’objectiu d’aquesta línia és obtenir dades perquè l’administració disposi de la informació necessària per tal de gestionar els recursos tenint en compte els interessos, a vegades contraposats, de tota la comunitat pesquera. La Direcció General de Política Marítima i Pesca Sostenible (DGPMPS) de la Generalitat de Catalunya disposa de les dades d’ingressos per vendes en euros, preu mitjà de les espècies comercials i captures en pes de tota la flota que ven a les llotges de Catalunya, però no té encara informació sobre les despeses de l’activitat econòmica pesquera ni sobre l’estructura social del sector. Seguint l’estructuració de la costa catalana en 3 zones (Nord, Centre i Sud, ICATMAR 22-04), el pla d’acció contempla realitzar un estudi socioeconòmic al llarg del territori, per a poder dur a terme una anàlisi comparativa entre zones. Per a aquesta segona fase de l’estudi socioeconòmic de la flota pesquera catalana, es va escollir el port de Palamós perquè la seva mida és comparable a la del port de Vilanova i la Geltrú, on es va realitzar la prova pilot, està situat a la zona Nord del litoral català i també hi són ben representades les diferents pesqueres practicades a Catalunya (Figura 1). Actualment la flota pesquera de Palamós consta de 3 barques d’encerclament, 23 barques d’arrossegament i 16 barques d’arts menors (sonseres, tresmalls, soltes, nanses i palangre de fons), totes elles en actiu i amb horaris de sortida, arribada i venda a llotja diferents en funció de cada modalitat de pesca. A més, la Confraria d’aquest port compta amb 2 mariscadors que, en funció de l’època de l’any, es dediquen a les modalitats de línies de

The Mediterranean Sea has registered great abundances of benthic marine litter (ML). The seafloor is often where it accumulates, an area shared with the activity of bottom trawlers, which can accidentally catch the litter from the seafloor, in strategies named Fishing for Litter (FFL). Thus, this study describes, quantifies and maps the ML caught by bottom trawlers along the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean Sea). The litter was obtained from 305 hauls performed during three years (2019-2021) from 9 different ports at 3 depth strata covering from 20 to 700 m. In the laboratory, the ML was weighted and classified in six different categories (metal, plastic, rubber, textile, wood, and other waste). ML was present in 97 % of the hauls, which composition varied according to zone, port and depth, with the highest densities found in highly urbanized areas (13.75 ± 3.25 kg km-2), which mainly contained plastics (74,3 %). The port of Barcelona had the highest presence of plastics (23.62 ± 6.49 kg km-2), mainly wet wipes. Regarding depth, the continental shelf had the highest density of ML, with 12.24 ± 2.40 kg km-2. The effect of different ML sources was tested in order to evaluate spatial distribution of ML in the Catalan seafloor. To conclude, the bottom trawl fleet of the Catalan coast has the potential to remove 237 ± 36 t of marine litter yearly. Therefore, FFL initiatives should be part of a multidisciplinary approach to tackle marine litter, which must include prevention, monitoring, and cleaning actions

This report presents the stock assessment results obtained by ICATMAR using its own data set and a data-resource limited (length-based) model (i.e. LBSPR) in the N GSA06. The results estimate that the Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) for hake (HKE), red mullet (MUT) and blue and red shrimp (ARA) is under SPRlim. On the contrary, for deep-water rose shrimp (DPS), Norway lobster (NEP), European sardine (PIL) and anchovy (ANE), the estimated SPR is above SPRlim (Figure 1). In detail, for each species, the results are: Hake, red mullet and blue and red shrimp are under SPRlim for the four years evaluated and with the three scenarios tested. For the blue and red shrimp there is a negative trend in the SPR estimates. The deep-water rose shrimp stock is between SPRpa and SPRlim for all years and the four scenarios, with no clear trend. Norway lobster and European sardine are between SPRpa and SPRlim, or above SPRpa in some years, depending on the scenario. The Norway lobster has a negative trend, as opposed to the European sardine, which has a positive trend. Anchovy is above SPRpa and, in 2022, it is near the SPRtgt for all scenarios tested. The advice drawn from these models should be considered as qualitative, and the stocks are considered overexploited in all cases

This report conveys ICATMAR’s considerations on fisheries management actions supported by data from its monitoring program

This report presents the state of fisheries in Catalonia in 2022. Section 1 describes the methods of biological and fisheries monitoring throughout the four year of icatmar monitoring program, Section 2 describes the results of the bottom trawling monitoring, Section 3 describes the results of the purse seine fishing monitoring and Section 4 describes the results of the small-scale fisheries monitoring (sand eel, common octopus and blue crab fisheries)

En aquest informe es presenten les dades de captura i venda del sector pesquer català, classificades en les principals modalitats de pesca i espècies, així com una anàlisi en funció de les llotges; entre gener de 2021 i desembre de 2022, ambdós inclosos, ha estat realitzat per l’Institut Català de Recerca per a la Governança del Mar (ICATMAR), un òrgan de cooperació entre la Direcció General de Política Marítima i Pesca Sostenible del Departament d’Acció Climàtica, Alimentació i Agenda Rural de la Generalitat de Catalunya i l’Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

The penaeid shrimp Penaeus aztecus Ives, 1891 has been collected off the Catalan coast for the first time. This represents the first report of the species for the Iberian Peninsula waters. Its morphological description, as well as the DNA sequenced fragment, agree with the descriptions assigned to Penaeus aztecus. This constitutes the first record of the species in the Spanish Mediterranean coast and the confirmation the species westward expansion along the Mediterranean Sea probably been drifted from the later invasion in the Gulf of Lions

Departamento de Historia del Arte, Grado en Historia del Arte

[EN] This paper aims to present the documentation and analysis methodology carried out on a lead trap from the ancient period, which belongs to the collection of traps in the Museum of Cádiz (Andalusia, Spain). The anchor stock had some interesting characteristics for this research. On the one hand, from the point of view of conservation and restoration, due to the alterations it presented. On the other hand, from a historical and archaeological point of view, it showed signs of reliefs on its surface hidden under the alteration products. The removal of the different layers of alteration that covered the surface during conservation and restoration treatments revealed an unpublished iconographic and epigraphic programme, as well as possible marks of use and manufacture. The poor state of conservation of the original surface made it impossible to visualise the details as a whole, so we applied photogrammetric methods, and subsequently processed models using various GIS analysis and point cloud processing softwares.Two photogrammetric models (in Agisoft PhotoScan) were made to document the trap in general: one prior to the conservation and restoration process; and a second three-dimensional (3D) model once the surface had been cleaned. The purpose of the second model was to visualise the reliefs programme in general, as well as the different surface details. The first complete 3D model of the object was used to perform a virtual reconstruction of the anchor including the elements that did not preserve, using a 3D modelling program (Blender).Nine areas of the stock surface were selected for the analyses of the various iconographic and epigraphic features, which were documented and processed in Agisoft PhotoScan. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and point cloud models were then processed with different analyses tools in Geographic Information System (GIS) (such as QGIS) and point cloud processing software (CloudCompare). Our results document a piece of highly interestin, [ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la metodología de documentación y análisis llevada a cabo sobre un cepo de plomo de época antigua perteneciente a la colección de cepos del Museo de Cádiz (Andalucía, España). La eliminación de los diferentes estratos de alteración que cubría la superficie durante los tratamientos de conservación y restauración dejó al descubierto un conjunto iconográfico y epigráfico inédito, así como posibles huellas de fabricación y uso. Sin embargo, el estado de conservación deficiente de la superficie original no permitía visualizar los detalles en su conjunto mediante técnicas convencionales, por lo que se decidió el empleo de la documentación fotogramétrica y posterior tratamiento de los modelos mediante diferentes herramientas de análisis en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) como QGIS y procesamiento de nubes de puntos (CloudCompare). El análisis tridimensional (3D) viene siendo empleado con éxito en la documentación de detalles superficiales sobre objetos arqueológicos. La combinación de los métodos tradicionales con las ventajas de la fotogrametría ha demostrado una mejora sustancial del método. Los resultados obtenidos gracias a la metodología empleada sobre la pieza objeto de esta investigación han revelado detalles microsuperficiales del conjunto iconográfico y epigráfico imposibles de apreciar mediante técnicas de documentación convencionales. El bajo coste y la facilidad de aplicación, así como las posibilidades de procesamiento posterior de los datos obtenido con diferentes programas, hacen de esta metodología una herramienta muy útil frente a otras técnicas. Los datos microsuperficiales obtenidos, junto con los obtenidos mediante la reconstrucción 3D aportan una valiosa información para la interpretación del objeto. Las tareas llevadas a cabo también plantean una metodología de estudio eficaz para el análisis de otros cepos de plomo, una tipología de material muy abundante en colecciones de museos a lo largo de to

El fin del presente proyecto es inducir el autoaprendizaje en el alumnado por medio de tecnología y colaboración entre pares online. Pretende sistematizar el trabajo del grupo de docentes en torno a la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la música potenciando el campus y la plataforma TEAMS para cumplir el objetivo: la autorregulación en el aprendizaje del alumnado.

Methemoglobinemia is caused by a high level of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in a pathological and non-functioning hemoglobin that leads to tissue hypoxia. It is characterized by the rapid appearance of cyanosis and signs of hypoxia after a trigger, without improvement when applying oxygen therapy. The most important thing regarding methemoglobinemia is to avoid its appearance with adequate information and education towards parents, especially in healthy infants and young children. We present the case of a 6-month-old male infant who starts with perioral, lip and gum cyanosis after ingesting vegetable puree. He did not present respiratory distress or had a choking crisis associated. It was decided that he was admitted into the hospital, and was performed a study with normal complementary tests (chest X-ray, ECG, echocardiography and PCR of Covid-19), for which he was discharged. Later, he returned due to the same episode and a venous blood gas was performed where methemoglobinemia of 11 % was observed., La metahemoglobinemia se produce por un nivel elevado de metahemoglobina en sangre, dando lugar a una hemoglobina patológica y no funcionante que conlleva una hipoxia tisular. Se caracteriza por la rápida aparición de cianosis y signos de hipoxia tras un desencadenante, sin mejoría al aplicar oxigenoterapia. Lo más importante de cara a la metahemoglobinemia es evitar su aparición con una adecuada información y educación hacia los padres, principalmente en lactantes y niños pequeños sanos. Presentamos el caso de un lactante varón de seis meses que acudió al Servicio de Urgencias por referir cianosis peribucal, labial y de encías tras la ingesta de un puré de verduras, sin asociar dificultad respiratoria ni crisis de atragantamiento. Se decidió su ingreso para estudio con pruebas complementarias normales (radiografía de tórax, ECG, ecocardiografía y PCR de Covid-19) por lo que fue dado de alta. Acudió a las 48 horas por presentar un segundo episodio de iguales características tras la ingesta del mismo puré de verduras. Se realizó una gasometría venosa donde se objetivó una metahemoglobinemia de 11 %.

This paper describes the simultaneous cleaning and chloride extraction, through electrolysis treatment, of 17 underwater-origin cast iron barrels from XVIII century coming from a casual find. Within a low-budget context, customized vats were made. Specific tools for the cleaning of the pieces were also developed: a high-precision drill to access the bore of the barrels and rotating work bases. Moreover, a new stabilization technique for large casting pieces was applied by wrapping them in absorbent material impregnated in NaOH. The selection of the current density for the electrolysis treatment was established by a previous test, which demonstrated the higher efficiency of 50 µAcm¯ ² against 1000 µAcm¯ ². The description of the tasks performed, along with the novel methodological procedures provided, constitute a valuable information for future actions in the field of large-scale conservation of Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH)., Este trabalho descreve o tratamento simultâneo de limpeza e extração de iões cloreto, mediante eletrólise, de 17 canhões de ferro do século XVIII, de origem subaquática, procedentes de um achado casual. Num contexto de baixo orçamento, foram desenvolvidas cubas sob medida e ferramentas específicas para a desconcreção das peças: uma broca de alta precisão para aceder ao interior dos canhões e bases de trabalho giratórias. Além disso, aplicou-se uma nova técnica de estabilização para peças grandes de fundição através da cobertura destas em material absorvente impregnado em NaOH. A selecção da densidade da corrente para os tratamentos de eletrólise foi estabelecida através de um ensaio prévio, que demonstrou a maior eficiência de 50 µAcm¯ ² em relação a 1000 µAcm¯ ². A descrição das tarefas realizadas, juntamente com as novidades metodológicas encontradas, formam uma valiosa informação para futuras ações em matéria de conservação em grande escala do Patrimonio Cultural Subaquático (PCS)., Este trabajo describe el tratamiento simultáneo de limpieza y extracción de iones cloruro, mediante electrolisis, de 17 cañones de hierro del siglo XVIII, de origen subacuático, procedentes de un hallazgo casual. En un contexto de bajo presupuesto, se desarrollaron cubas a medida y herramientas específicas para la desconcreción de las piezas: una barrena de alta precisión para acceder al ánima de los cañones y bases de trabajo giratorias. Además, se aplicó una nueva técnica de estabilización para piezas grandes de fundición mediante envolturas en material absorbente impregnado en NaOH. La selección de la densidad de corriente para los tratamientos de electrolisis se estableció mediante un ensayo previo, que demostró la mayor eficiencia de 50 µAcm¯ ² frente a 1000 µAcm¯ ². La descripción de las tareas realizadas, junto con las novedades metodológicas aportadas, conforman una valiosa información para futuras actuaciones en materia de conservación a gran escala del Patrimonio Cultural Subacuático (PCS).

The Marine Biological Reference Collections (CBMR) are specialized mainly in Chordata (fish), Arthropoda and Mollusca, mostly from the Mediterranean Sea, but also with important contributions from the Atlantic Ocean and the rest of the world’s oceans

Leishmaniasis produces approximately-one million of new cases annually, making it one of the most important tropical diseases. As current treatments are not fully effective and are toxic, it is necessary to develop new therapies that are more effective and less toxic, and cause a controlled cell death, with which we can avoid the immunological problems caused by necrosis. In this work 32 acrylonitriles were studied in vitro against Leishmania amazonensis. Three compounds Q20 (12.41), Q29 (11.2) and Q31 (11.56) had better selectivity than the reference compound, miltefosine (11.14) against promastigotes of these parasites, for this reason they were selected to determine their mechanism of action to know the cell death type of they produce. The results of the mechanisms of action show that these three acrylonitriles tested produce chromatin condensation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, altered plasma permeability and production of reactive oxygen species. All these characteristic events seem to indicate programmed cell death. Therefore, this study demonstrates the activity of acrylonitriles derivatives as possible leishmanicidal agents.

The consumption of energy drinks (EDs) is increasing globally while the evidence and concern about the potential health risks are also growing. Caffeine (generally 32 mg/100 mL) together with a wide variety of other active components such as taurine (usually 4000 mg/L) and D-glucuronolactone (generally 2400 mg/L) are the main ingredients of EDs. This study aims to assess the exposures to caffeine, taurine and D-glucuronolactone from EDs in various consumption scenarios and consumer profiles and to characterize the risks by evaluating caffeine and taurine intakes with their reference values and by calculating the margin of safety (MOS) for D-glucuronolactone. While the exposure assessment results showed that caffeine intakes from EDs ranged from 80 to 160 mg (1.14–4 mg/kg b.w.) for the considered scenarios, the risk characterization estimated some risks that could be managed with consumption recommendations such as limiting EDs in 40, 60 and 80 kg b.w. consumers to 175, 262.5 and 350 mL, respectively, to prevent sleep disturbances and to 375, 562.5 and 750 mL to prevent general caffeine adverse health risks, respectively. Dietary exposure to D-glucuronolactone from EDs ranged from 600 to 1200 mg (7.5–30 mg/kg b.w.). As D-glucuronolactone MOS ≥ 100 is only observed when EDs consumption is limited to 250 mL, for individuals weighing above 60 kg, some risks were observed in some of the studied scenarios. A taurine exposure from EDs varied from 1000 to 2000 mg (12.5–50 mg/kg b.w.) and consumptions over 500 mL were estimated to generate intakes above the reference value. In conclusion, the management of these risks requires a European legal framework for EDs with maximum limits for the active components, volume size limitations and labeling improvements along with the development of education and awareness programs and risk communication actions in collaboration with the industry and society.

The consumption of energy drinks (EDs) is increasing globally while the evidence and concern about the potential health risks are also growing. Caffeine (generally 32 mg/100 mL) together with a wide variety of other active components such as taurine (usually 4000 mg/L) and D-glucuronolactone (generally 2400 mg/L) are the main ingredients of EDs. This study aims to assess the exposures to caffeine, taurine and D-glucuronolactone from EDs in various consumption scenarios and consumer profiles and to characterize the risks by evaluating caffeine and taurine intakes with their reference values and by calculating the margin of safety (MOS) for D-glucuronolactone. While the exposure assessment results showed that caffeine intakes from EDs ranged from 80 to 160 mg (1.14–4 mg/kg b.w.) for the considered scenarios, the risk characterization estimated some risks that could be managed with consumption recommendations such as limiting EDs in 40, 60 and 80 kg b.w. consumers to 175, 262.5 and 350 mL, respectively, to prevent sleep disturbances and to 375, 562.5 and 750 mL to prevent general caffeine adverse health risks, respectively. Dietary exposure to D-glucuronolactone from EDs ranged from 600 to 1200 mg (7.5–30 mg/kg b.w.). As D-glucuronolactone MOS ≥ 100 is only observed when EDs consumption is limited to 250 mL, for individuals weighing above 60 kg, some risks were observed in some of the studied scenarios. A taurine exposure from EDs varied from 1000 to 2000 mg (12.5–50 mg/kg b.w.) and consumptions over 500 mL were estimated to generate intakes above the reference value. In conclusion, the management of these risks requires a European legal framework for EDs with maximum limits for the active components, volume size limitations and labeling improvements along with the development of education and awareness programs and risk communication actions in collaboration with the industry and society.

The dataset contains the first-ever comprehensive biocodicological analysis of medieval library books and charters using Zooarchaeological Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS). Here, we analyze 68 codices and 59 charters (1490+59 samples in total) from one single monastic institution, namely the Cistercian abbey of Orval in present-day Belgium. The data entails both peptide mass fingerprinting (using MALDI-ToF) and peptide sequencing (using LC-MS/MS) analysis of almost the entire library and all the preserved single leaf charters from the monastery. MALDI-ToF data is stored in Zenodo - a multidisciplinary open access repository while the LC-MS/MS data is deposited in ProteomeXchange Consortium via PRIDE - a publicly available repository for MS-based proteomics data. Mass spectrometric data generated from an entire monastic library and archive is of immense value to integrate with multiple case studies aiming at understanding parchment production and use in medieval Europe.

La agricultura es una de los principales actividades económicas del sur de la Pensínsula Ibérica, muy vulnerable a los cambios climáticos pronosticados. En este trabajo se evalúa la resistencia a la sequía de un cultivo de secano (Vicia faba L.) bajo distintas alternativas de laboreo. En 2020 se implementó un experimento de sequía en un ensayo de laboreo de larga duración (en marcha desde 2008) en el que se evalúan tres tipos de manejo: laboreo tradicional (LT), laboreo reducido (LR) y no laboreo (NL). La sequía provocó una reducción de la producción de vainas de haba del 41 % en LR, y del 9 % en LT y el NL. El tipo de laboreo influenció el contenido de nitrógeno del suelo, siendo mayor en NL que en LT. El tratamiento de exclusión de lluvia tuvo, por el momento, un efecto marginalmente significativo sobre el contenido en carbono orgánico de los suelos superficiales, siendo ligeramente superior en los su elos del tratamiento de exclusión de lluvia. Los resultados cultivo sugieren que en el LR sería necesario ejercer un mayor control de malas hierbas para poder mantener los beneficios agronómicos de este tipo de laboreo en un contexto de sequía.

PALB2 loss-of-function variants confer high risk of developing breast cancer. Here, we present a systematic functional analysis of PALB2 splice-site variants detected in ~113,000 women of the large-scale sequencing project BRIDGES (Breast Cancer After Diagnostic Gene Sequencing; https://bridges-research.eu/). Eighty-two PALB2 variants at the intron-exon boundaries were analyzed with MaxEntScan. Forty-two variants were selected for the subsequent splicing functional assays. For this purpose, three splicing reporter minigenes comprising exons 1-12 were constructed. The 42 potential spliceogenic variants were introduced into the minigenes by site-directed mutagenesis and assayed in MCF-7/MDA-MB-231 cells. Splicing anomalies were observed in 35 variants, 23 of which showed no traces or minimal amounts of the expected full-length transcripts of each minigene. More than 30 different variant-induced transcripts were characterized, 23 of which were predicted to truncate the PALB2 protein. The pathogenicity of all variants was interpreted according to an in-house adaptation of the ACMG/AMP (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology) variant classification scheme. Up to 23 variants were classified as Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic. Remarkably, three ±1,2 variants (c.49-2A>T, c.108+2T>C and c.211+1G>A) were classified as variants of unknown significance since they produced significant amounts of either in-frame transcripts of unknown impact on the PALB2 protein function or the minigene full-length transcripts. In conclusion, we have significantly contributed to the ongoing effort of identifying spliceogenic variants in the clinically relevant PALB2 cancer susceptibility gene. Moreover, we suggest some approaches to classify the findings in accordance with the ACMG/AMP rationale.

[EN] The Biological Reference Collections of the Institut de Ciències del Mar (Figure 1) were created in response to the need to catalogue and have at hand specimens that could act as referents of the marine fauna studied by the scientists of the former Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras, who were known from the 1960s to the 1990s as Pesqueres. The main geographic study area was then the Mediterranean coast, and the preferential zoological groups were the species of fisheries interest. From the beginning, however, great importance was given to biological diversity, because the departments of Zoology, Botany, Microbiology and Genetics of the University of Barcelona have always given a high degree of importance to the study of biological diversity and its relationship with the environment (ecology). […], [ES] Las Colecciones Biológicas de Referencia (CBR) del Institut de Ciències del Mar (figura 1) fueron creadas a partir de la necesidad de catalogar y tener a mano ejemplares de referencia de la fauna marina que los científicos, del entonces llamado Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras (Pesqueras coloquialmente por la comunidad científica barcelonesa de los años 60 a 90 del siglo pasado), estudiaban. El área de referencia preferente era, naturalmente, el mar de las costas mediterráneas, y los grupos zoológicos preferentes, las especies de interés pesquero. Desde el primer momento, no obstante, se le dio mucha importancia a la diversidad biológica, muy probablemente por la influencia que la Universidad de Barcelona daba (y da) al estudio de lo que ahora llamamos biodiversidad (zoológica, botánica, microbiológica…) y al estudio de sus interacciones con el ambiente (ecología). […], [CAT] Les Col·leccions Biològiques de Referència de l’Institut de Ciències del Mar (figura 1) van ser creades a partir de la necessitat de catalogar i tenir a mà exemplars de referència de la fauna marina que els científics del llavors anomenat Institut d’Investigacions Pesqueres (Pesqueres col·loquialment per la comunitat científica barcelonina dels anys 60 a 90 del segle passat) estudiaven. L’àrea de referència preferent era, naturalment, el mar de les costes mediterrànies, i els grups zoològics preferencials, les espècies d’interès pesquer. Des del primer moment, no obstant, es va donar molta importància a la diversitat biològica, molt probablement per la influència que la Universitat de Barcelona donava (i dóna) a l’estudi del que ara anomenem biodiversitat (zoologia, botànica, microbiologia…) i a l’estudi de les seves interaccions amb l’ambient (ecologia) […]