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Conceptualizations of scaling sustainable practices tend to focus on the uptake of new technologies and practices, whereas the scaling or maintaining of convival practices with a long history has received less attention. In this article, we explore mainstreaming of cycling along three contemporary paths: the spread of e-bikes, bike sharing, and bike kitchens. We develop an analytical framework for assessing mainstreaming of sustainable practices and its impacts on conviviality - exploring which new groups are reached and new forms of usage opened up, as well as the impacts on accessibility, adaptability, and socio-ecological relations. Our analysis shows that the spread of e-bikes and bike sharing are associated with a certain loss of conviviality, while bike kitchens explicitly aim to maintain conviviality. The mainstreaming paths also widen and deepen the practice and notion of cycling. We conclude by reflecting on policy implications and how strategies for more convivial mainstreaming can be organized., QC 20240910

The transportation sector is the largest contributor to anthropogenic U.S. greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions. If the U.S. is to address climate change, a key mechanism will be through a transition to a decarbonized transportation sector. Given environmental externalities, it is clear that the private market will produce too little low-carbon transportation infrastructure. Policy-makers are attempting to overcome this scale problem by encouraging the build out of alternative transportation infrastructure. In this dissertation, I examine existing clean infrastructure policies — the spatial efficiency of infrastructure installed to-date, their effect on adoption of the new transportation mode, and their effect on other transportation modes.In the first chapter of this dissertation, I study the location of electric vehicle chargingstations. Absent policy, it is well understood that EV charging network size may be inefficient because of pollution and network externalities. This paper argues that there will also be spatial inefficiencies in the location of electric vehicle fast charging stations. I empirically test for the presence of a spatial inefficiency in the free market by comparing the location decisions of a vertically integrated firm that sells vehicles and provides a charging network to those of a non-vertically integrated charging network. I define a metric, enabled e-miles, that captures whether a charging station mitigates consumers’ range anxiety. I then combine estimates from a spatial demand model and a simulation of charging behavior to compare charging demand and enabled e-miles at charging stations in California. I find strong evidence in favor of a spatial inefficiency in the location decisions of non-vertically integrated charging providers. These findings show that EV policy should not be location-neutral, but should consider spatial inefficiencies as well as network size.In the second chapter of this dissertation, I examine whether the availability of h

In bike-sharing systems, the inventory level is defined as the daily number of bicycles required to optimally meet the demand. Estimating these values is a major challenge for bike-sharing operators, as biased inventory levels lead to a reduced quality of service at best and a loss of customers and system failure at worst. This paper focuses on using machine learning (ML) classifiers, most notably random forest and gradient tree boosting, for estimating the inventory level from available features including historical data. However, while similar approaches adopted in the context of bike sharing assume the data to be well-balanced, this assumption is not met in the case of the inventory problem. Indeed, as the demand for bike sharing is sparse, datasets become biased toward low demand values, and systematic errors emerge. Thus, we propose to include a new iterative resampling procedure in the classification problem to deal with imbalanced datasets. The proposed model, tested on the real-world data of the Citi Bike operator in New York, allows to (i) provide upper-bound and lower-bound values for the bike-sharing inventory problem, accurately predicting both predominant and rare demand values; (ii) capture the main features that characterize the different demand classes; and (iii) work in a day-to-day framework. Finally, successful bike-sharing systems grow rapidly, opening new stations every year. In addition to changes in the mobility demand, an additional problem is that we cannot use historical information to predict inventory levels for new stations. Therefore, we test the capability of our model to predict inventory levels when historical data is not available, with a specific focus on stations that were not available for training.

This paper discusses the bike-sharing system in the Czech Republic and selected neighboring states. The current problem of deteriorating air quality is driving cities to implement an efficient, more environmentally friendly approach. One of them is introducing a system of shared resources - shared bikes, scooters, cars, and others. Our goal is to address the issue of shared bikes, which are already widely used worldwide. However, it is necessary to point out that it is essential to have the bikes appropriately distributed in the stations, and their collection during the night at frequented stations must be ensured. The paper aimed is to analyze bike-sharing systems in the Czech Republic and foreign countries in Middle Europe, primarily in the Slovak Republic. The bike-sharing system in the Czech Republic and Slovak republic was analyzed mainly. The Poland bike-sharing system was added. The analysis of the bike-sharing providers was based on the available data. Based on the results, we can conclude that two (three) primary providers are in the selected states. These providers have different ways of bike storage. The vast difference is the number of bikes in the chosen town with the same population.

El Bike Sharing, o sistema de bicicletes compartides, és un sistema de transport públic en el qual les bicicletes estan disponibles per al lloguer temporal per part dels usuaris. Aquest servei permet que les persones agafin una bicicleta d'una estació determinada, la utilitzin per al seu desplaçament i després la tornin a llogar a una altra estació propera al seu destí o en el mateix punt de sortida. Durant els últims 15 anys, la ciutat de Barcelona ha presenciat un impressionant creixement en la implementació del Bike Sharing. L'empresa Bicing ha tingut un paper fonamental en aquest desenvolupament, establint una àmplia xarxa d'estacions de bicicletes que abasta tota la ciutat. Gràcies a aquesta iniciativa, els habitants de Barcelona tenen un fàcil accés a les bicicletes compartides en diverses ubicacions estratègiques. Aquesta extensa xarxa d'estacions ha permès als usuaris desplaçar-se de manera eficient i còmoda per la ciutat, fomentant un estil de vida actiu i sostenible. En aquest treball, s'estudiarà la viabilitat financera i social d'un sistema de Bike Sharing a l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, tenint en compte la seva expansió i els beneficis que comporta. Es dimensionarà la infraestructura i s'avaluarà la rendibilitat econòmica i social del projecte., El Bike Sharing, o sistema de bicicletas compartidas, es un sistema de transporte público en el cual las bicicletas están disponibles para el alquiler temporal por parte de los usuarios. Este servicio permite que las personas tomen una bicicleta de una estación determinada, la utilicen para su desplazamiento y luego la vuelvan a alquilar en otra estación cercana a su destino o en el mismo punto de partida. Durante los últimos 15 años, la ciudad de Barcelona ha presenciado un impresionante crecimiento en la implementación del Bike Sharing. La empresa Bicing ha tenido un papel fundamental en este desarrollo, estableciendo una amplia red de estaciones de bicicletas que abarca toda la ciudad. Gracias a esta iniciativa, los habitantes de Barcelona tienen un fácil acceso a las bicicletas compartidas en varias ubicaciones estratégicas. Esta extensa red de estaciones ha permitido a los usuarios desplazarse de manera eficiente y cómoda por la ciudad, fomentando un estilo de vida activo y sostenible. En este trabajo, se estudiará la viabilidad financiera y social de un sistema de Bike Sharing en Hospitalet de Llobregat, teniendo en cuenta su expansión y los beneficios que conlleva. Se dimensionará la infraestructura y se evaluará la rentabilidad económica y social del proyecto, Bike Sharing, or shared bicycle system, is a public transportation system in which bicycles are available for temporary rental by users. This service allows people to pick up a bicycle from a designated station, use it for their commute, and then return it at another station near their destination or at the same starting point. Over the past 15 years, the city of Barcelona has witnessed an impressive growth in the implementation of Bike Sharing. The company Bicing has played a fundamental role in this development, establishing an extensive network of bicycle stations throughout the city. Thanks to this initiative, the residents of Barcelona have easy access to shared bicycles at strategic locations. This extensive station network has enabled users to travel efficiently and comfortably across the city, promoting an active and sustainable lifestyle. In this study, the financial and social viability of a Bike Sharing system in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat will be examined, taking into account its expansion and the benefits it brings. The infrastructure will be dimensioned, and the economic and social profitability of the project will be evaluated.

Harbin, China, has a large population density and a large number of motor vehicles. To alleviate traffic congestion, based on the survey data of bike-sharing riders in the new and old urban areas of Harbin in May 2022, this paper uses an impact-asymmetric analysis and gradient enhancement decision tree to analyse the asymmetric relationship between bike-sharing travel environment elements and cyclists' satisfaction, and the optimisation strategy for the bike-sharing riding environment was obtained so that more residents can choose to ride. This research shows that the infrastructure of the motorway in the old urban area had the greatest impact on the overall satisfaction, while the travel quality of the shared bikes in the new urban area had the greatest impact on the overall satisfaction. In addition, due to the differences in urban environments and satisfaction, planning directions are different when satisfying cyclists in the new and old urban areas. The old urban area should emphasise cycling comfort and road coherence to provide a good travel environment; however, the new urban area should focus on the operation of shared bikes to meet the needs of cyclists. Therefore, future research should formulate refined improvement strategies for different regions.

In the last decade, bike sharing systems have emerged in cities to propose a sustainable and convenient way to realize last mile trips. They can be with (station-based bike sharing systems, SBBSSs) or without stations (free-floating bike sharing systems, FFBSSs). With a FFBSS, users can find the closest bike available in the city thanks to an app on their phone, rent it, realize their trip, and lock the bike anywhere in the city. The FFBSS offers more flexibility to users than the SBBSS but brings some specific challenges, such as the disorderly parking, the congestion of sidewalks, the large number of bike locations, and the complex redistribution operations. The scientific literature has addressed those challenges and the FFBSS operations. We review it by tackling three main subjects. The first one focuses on discretizing the bike locations by dividing the geographical area where a FFBSS is active into zones. This operation is necessary because the number of bike locations is higher with a FFBSS than a SBBSS. The second subject consists in forecasting the rental demand in each zone, helping to satisfy user demand and to improve the utilization rate of the system. The last topic focuses on redistribution models, to maintain a desired quantity of bikes at each zone by moving bikes from one place to another. We conclude by highlighting the research directions in the field of FFBSS operations identified in the literature.

Bike sharing is becoming increasingly popular around the world. However, there is little empirical evidence of the emerging free-floating bike sharing (FFBS) system, and even less from a product life cycle perspective. Based on actual urban transportation big data and related product life cycle data, this chapter takes Beijing FFBS system as a study case. By comparing the changes in the choice of transportation means of urban residents before and after the emergence of FFBS, and in combination with the evolution of the FFBS system, the real environmental impact of FFBS is dynamically observed and evaluated from a life cycle analysis (LCA) perspective. The results show that FFBS display desirable properties in reducing air waste in the form of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This reduction effect is mainly achieved by connecting to the public transportation system, hence substituting for the use of private cars. Yet, in comparison to the period prior to the emergence of FFBS (i.e., 2016), the excessive supply of FFBS resulted in an average annual increase of 0.38% in air waste as GHG emissions by daily transportation of urban residents in 2017 and 2018, with a cumulative increase of 0.102 million tons CO2,e. Since then, under increased government control, the scale of the FFBS system has gradually become reasonable and the operating efficiency has gradually improved. In 2019, air waste as GHG emissions were reduced by 0.065 million tons compared with 2016. Especially, according to the development plan of Beijing FFBS system, it is expected that the emission reductions will reach 0.16 million tons, a reduction rate of about 1.13%.

The sharing economy has acquired a lot of media attention in recent years, and it has had a significant impact on the transport sector. This paper investigates the existing impact and potential of various forms of shared mobility, concentrating on the case study of Wanneroo, Western Australia. We adopted bibliometric analysis and visualization tools based on nearly 700 papers collected from the Scopus database to identify research clusters on shared mobility. Based on the clusters identified, we undertook a further content analysis to clarify the factors affecting the potential of different shared mobility modes. A specially designed questionnaire was applied for Wanneroo’s residents to explore their use of shared mobility, their future behaviour intentions, and their perspectives on the advantages and challenges of adoption. The empirical findings indicate that the majority of respondents who had used shared mobility options in the last 12 months belong to the low-mean-age group. The younger age group of participants also showed positive views on shared mobility and would consider using it in the future. Household size in terms of number of children did not make any impact on shared mobility options. Preference for shared mobility services is not related to income level. Bike sharing was less commonly used than the other forms of shared mobility.

The market for shared mobility has seen massive growths in recent years. Pollution and congestion requires us to rethink how we move around and new technologies make sharing continuously easier and more convenient. Society is slowly moving towards a mindset that values access over ownership, and this is also the case for (urban) mobility. Research has shown that convenience is the most important factor for people to engage in shared mobility and the rising demand leads to all kinds of light electric vehicles popping up in our streets. Especially e-bikes gain market quickly, both in the form of publicly shared vehicles as well as within corporate fleets. But with operating shared mobility programs also come challenges, and keeping all those vehicles charged is definitely a major one. Free-floating vehicles are often charged by manually swapping its batteries, while dock-based schemes rely on its users connecting the charger after use of the service. Docking stations for e-bikes exist that combine locking the bike in a physical dock with charging its batteries, but they are often expensive, take up a lot of valuable (public) space and are bike-specific. Next to that, contacts suffer from breaking, mechanical wear and corrosion. The start-up TILER is currently developing a universal wireless charging solution for e-bikes, however the physical form of a charging tile with an accommodating kickstand is not considered as the ideal physical form to apply wireless charging to shared vehicles. Therefore, a graduation project was set up to explore alternative solutions and design a universal and convenient charger for shared electric bicycles. The result of this project is the TILER Click, a product that makes charging an integral part of retrieving and returning shared e-bikes from their hub. The easy alignment in combination with a simple yet efficient clicking mechanism make the TILER Click so simple to connect and disconnect that it is no longer an effort to charge the bi, Integrated Product Design

The COVID-19 pandemic poses an unprecedented challenge for the public transport system. The capacity of the transport system has been significantly reduced due to the imposition of social distancing measures to reduce the spread of the coronavirus. People remain skeptical about the use of public transport and prefer alternatives for their transportation as the likelihood of the virus spreading through public transport is high. Therefore, new avenues to increase the resilience of public urban mobility need to be explored. This research proposes the integration of the bike sharing system into the existing public transport system to compensate for public transport demand under the disruptive impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this, a two-part methodology is developed. The first part concerns the development of a mathematical model for the demand integration of the two systems. The demand for the public transport system, which cannot be serviced by the system due to the distancing measures (distance of 1.5 meters between passengers), is considered as unsatisfied demand and is the new additional demand for the bike sharing system. The second part concerns the development of an optimization model for the design and operation of a bike sharing system with features that can cope with the mobility needs of the pandemic. These features of the bike sharing system are the mixed fleet, i.e., the system will provide the mode options of bike and e-bike, and the hybrid in its design, i.e., the bike system will be a free-floating system while the e-bike system will be docked. The developed methodology is applied in the case study of the Milan city in Italy. The two studied systems are the subway system and the public bike sharing system of Milan. For the implementation of the developed methodology, three demand scenarios and fifteen designs that reflect the needs of the bike sharing system are created. The parameters that differ in the designs are the number and location o, Transport, Infrastructure and Logistics

A free-floating bike-sharing system (FFBSS) is a dockless rental system where an individual can borrow a bike and returns it anywhere, within the service area. To improve the rental service, available bikes should be distributed over the entire service area: a customer leaving from any position is then more likely to find a near bike and then to use the service. Moreover, spreading bikes among the entire service area increases urban spatial equity since the benefits of FFBSS are not a prerogative of just a few zones. For guaranteeing such distribution, the FFBSS operator can use vans to manually relocate bikes, but it incurs high economic and environmental costs. We propose a novel approach that exploits the existing bike flows generated by customers to distribute bikes. More specifically, by envisioning the problem as an Influence Maximization problem, we show that it is possible to position batches of bikes on a small number of zones, and then the daily use of FFBSS will efficiently spread these bikes on a large area. We show that detecting these zones is NP-complete, but there exists a simple and efficient 1-1/e approximation algorithm; our approach is then evaluated on a dataset of rides from the free-floating bike-sharing system of the city of Padova.

Most bike-sharing systems in cities aim to maximize demand, an approach that tends to inadvertently favor wealthier neighborhoods. Therefore, we developed a heuristic and data-mining-based method to weigh both Demand And/oR Equity (DARE) in the station distribution and allocation process of planning bike-sharing. Equity is measured using a deprivation index and the potential demand is estimated using structural equation models via the built and social environment. The DARE method was applied first to the BSS service area in Munich, Germany, and then, to the area surrounding Munich, demonstrating the method’s transferability. Incorporating equity resulted in disadvantaged areas being better served by bike-sharing stations while favoring ridership (demand) tended to cluster stations in the wealthier city center. This method allows decision-makers to build scenarios for allocating infrastructure based on their desired fairness criterion, and can also be applied to other shared modes or public transport.

Bike sharing has the potential to contribute to more sustainable urban mobility. Companies providing this service need to generate legitimacy for their venture when entering new cities. They may have to change formal and informal institutions in cities they want to operate. In this paper we explore how and why companies’ institutional strategies differ across cities. We compare strategies of emerging free-floating bike sharing companies in Shanghai and Amsterdam. These cities provide a counterintuitive starting point: Shanghai is a car-dominant city which has embraced bike sharing, whereas in Amsterdam – a typical cycling city – it was banned soon after its introduction. We find that companies use similar launching strategies, but different institutional strategies as they respond to varying spatial conditions consisting of local institutions (e.g. rules, norms and cultures) physical place specific elements (e.g. infrastructures and urban mobility challenges) and issues of power (e.g. support and resistance).

Cycling-based mobility services or 'Cycling as a Service' (CaaS) have recently expanded in number and scale in the Netherlands. In contrast to the contexts of most other CaaS studies to date, cycling has a high modal share and strong institutions in the Dutch context. However, these supportive features have not translated into straightforward success for CaaS providers. Instead, responses to CaaS providers have varied widely, from tolerance to opposition. In this study we employ a combined business model and transition perspective to investigate this variation and its implications for CaaS in Dutch urban mobility systems. We present value propositions derived from business models, and integrate these into Hoogma's fit-and-stretch strategy framework for emerging niches. This enables a comparison between technology design and value propositions, and an analysis of the CaaS niche's transitions potential. Our findings clarify the strategies used by niche actors to enter and operate within established cycling regimes.

We study multi-modal route planning in a network comprised of schedule-based public transportation, unrestricted walking, and cycling with bikes available from bike sharing stations. So far this problem has only been considered for scenarios with at most one bike sharing operator, for which MCR is the best known algorithm [Delling et al., 2013]. However, for practical applications, algorithms should be able to distinguish between bike sharing stations of multiple competing bike sharing operators. Furthermore, MCR has recently been outperformed by ULTRA for multi-modal route planning scenarios without bike sharing [Baum et al., 2019]. In this paper, we present two approaches for modeling multi-modal transportation networks with multiple bike sharing operators: The operator-dependent model requires explicit handling of bike sharing stations within the algorithm, which we demonstrate with an adapted version of MCR. In the operator-expanded model, all relevant information is encoded within an expanded network. This allows for applying any multi-modal public transit algorithm without modification, which we show for ULTRA. We proceed by describing an additional preprocessing step called operator pruning, which can be used to accelerate both approaches. We conclude our work with an extensive experimental evaluation on the networks of London, Switzerland, and Germany. Our experiments show that the new preprocessing technique accelerates both approaches significantly, with the fastest algorithm (ULTRA-RAPTOR with operator pruning) being more than an order of magnitude faster than the basic MCR approach. Moreover, the ULTRA preprocessing step also benefits from operator pruning, as its running time is reduced by a factor of 14 to 20.

Worldwide, there is a steady increase in urban populations. Urban agglomerations are currently developing. This brings with it greater demands on ensuring high-quality transport services and on building new traffic communication. The most serious problems for urban residents are caused by the high intensity of road traffic. Road transport brings with it negative consequences (noise, vibration, exhalation, pollution of the atmosphere, etc.), which brings further problems and the associated decrease in the quality of life of the population. City Logistics is a way to improve the traffic situation in urban and metropolitan areas. Minsk is the capital, largest and industrial city of Belarus, located in the center of Belarus. Transport problems in Minsk are deteriorating the environment and lowering people's satisfaction and quality of life. Nowadays, there are about two million people living in Minsk, which brings with it many traffic complications. The aim of this article is to propose appropriate measures for the capital city of Belarus – Minsk based on an analysis of current approaches to city logistics., Na celém světě dochází k neustálému nárůstu počtu obyvatel. Městské aglomerace se v současné době vyvíjejí. To s sebou nese vyšší nároky na zajištění vysoce kvalitních dopravních služeb a na budování nových dopravních komunikací. Nejzávažnější problémy obyvatel měst jsou způsobeny vysokou intenzitou silniční dopravy. Silniční doprava s sebou přináší negativní důsledky (hluk, vibrace, exhalace, znečištění ovzduší atd.), což přináší další problémy a s tím související snížení kvality života obyvatelstva. City logistika je způsob, jak zlepšit dopravní situaci v městských a metropolitních oblastech. Minsk je hlavní, největší a průmyslové město Běloruska, které se nachází v centru Běloruska. Dopravní problémy v Minsku zhoršují životní prostředí a snižují spokojenost a kvalitu života lidí. V dnešní době žijí asi dva miliony lidí v Minsku, což s sebou přináší mnoho dopravních komplikací. Cílem tohoto článku je navrhnout vhodná opatření pro hlavní město Běloruska - Minsk na základě analýzy současných přístupů v oblasti city logistiky.

Value co-creation requires a system that links actors together for mutual value creation. In our paper, we describe the development of such a system in the context of the new free-floating e-bike-sharing system (BSS) in Zurich, Switzerland. This BSS is based on the idea that users of the BSS co-create value by adapting their usage behavior such that the overall service level is maximized. This creates value for other users and reduces the provider’s costs for redistribution, but requires some kind of incentive system for influencing the user behavior. We describe a systematic approach of designing such a system by operationalizing the concept of value and value generation for the different actors: What exactly is the value that is to be created, and how can it be measured? By which activities is value created, and what are the options for stimulating these activities? Which design options maximize value creation? We found that this required combining two different research approaches: Empirical social research was necessary to understand user needs, value perception, motivational patterns in response to incentives, and communication needs. Operational research was necessary for assessing different options for the incentive system with respect to the value creation both for provider and users. By interlinking both research activities, we were able to design an incentive system that allows reducing the number of bikes by 30% without diminishing the service level. Users are offered a reward for dropping-off their bikes in dynamically changing reward zones whose locations are determined based on the bike distribution and the future demand pattern. These incentives lead to two distinct behavioral responses which were assessed and quantified in an extensive real-life field test during a period of 13 weeks. The impact of the measured behavioral change on service level and the required number of bikes was modeled via simulation.

We investigate the problem of user-based redistribution for free-floating bike sharing systems (BSS). We present a stochastic model of the bike dynamics and we show that the spatial distribution of bikes is correlated. This is specific to free-floating systems and it results in a substantially reduced service level. Offering incentives to users may stimulate them to change their behavior and usage pattern. We analyze drop-off incentives, derive an incentive methodology and study its potential. We show that by implementing a smart incentive system, the number of bikes for establishing a specific service level can be reduced significantly, even if only a minority of users participates. Under realistic behavioral assumptions, 30–50% reduction of bikes is achievable, which converts into substantial costs savings for the operator. Our research was carried out in the context of the development of the new e-bike sharing system “smide” in Zurich, launched in 2017. The incentive approach has been implemented and tested in a field test.

The growing pollution in cities and the increase in obesity and overweight suggest the use of active means of transport. One of these means is the bicycle sharing system, which has become extremely popular in recent years. Currently, hardly any study provides information about the users’ characteristics and the usage habits of the mentioned service in Spain. Therefore, this study is intended to categorize the ages of users of this system, as well as their frequency of use, the route characteristics, and average minutes of use of bicycles. Users’ average age was 46 years during the first period, from 2009 to 2012 (men 49; women 38.7), the difference between men and women being significant (t=83.06; p<0.001). The highest frequency of use begins and ends in the city centre (15,947 uses; 18.9%). Men between 50 and 69 years old and women between 30 and 49 years old are those who use bicycles the most. Coastal routes are the most popular in women. The average minutes of use in public bicycle trips were 36,1 (men 38,1; women 31,4), with statistically significant differences between genders (t84181=26,30; p<0,001)., La creciente contaminación en las ciudades y el incremento de la obesidad y sobrepeso aconsejan medios de transporte activos. Uno de los sistemas que está en auge en los últimos años es el de bicicletas compartidas de uso público. En la actualidad, en España, apenas existen estudios que aporten información sobre las características de los usuarios y los hábitos de utilización del servicio, por lo que con este estudio se pretende categorizar las edades de los usuarios del sistema de bicicletas compartidas, así como la frecuencia de uso, características de los itinerarios y media de minutos de uso de las bicicletas. La edad media de los usuarios, durante la primera etapa del 2009 al 2012, fue de 46 años (hombres 49; mujeres 38.7), siendo las diferencias significativas t=83,06; p <0,001. La mayor frecuencia de uso se inicia y finaliza en el centro de la ciudad (15.947 usos; 18.9%). Los hombres entre 50 y 69 años y las mujeres entre 30 y 49 años son los que más utilizan las bicicletas. Los itinerarios por la costa son los preferidos por las mujeres. La media de minutos de uso de los viajes de las bicicletas públicas fue de 36,1 (hombres 38,1; mujeres 31,4), siendo las diferencias estadísticamente significativas t84181=26,30; p <0,001.

Machine learning algorithms are used in the transportation field to successfully identify patterns and predict user?s behavior. This study aims to predict the demand of bike sharing services by means of this type of algorithms. The necessary input data and best parameters leading to optimal results will be identified, and a case study based in the bicing system in Barcelona, is going to be presented.

In this thesis, I analyze the impacts of the design and implementation of different environmental policy tools from a theoretical and empirical perspective: certificates providing information on the energy performance of buildings (chapter 1); urban road pricing schemes such as congestion charges (chapter 2); quantity-based policy tools to support production with non-polluting technologies (chapter 3).In chapter 1, co-authored with Luisa Dressler, we study how energy performance certificates (EPCs) impact the residential rental market. These certificates can help solve information asymmetries between landlords and tenants about the thermal quality of dwellings for rent, which, in turn, is expected to facilitate investment aimed at improving dwellings' energy performance. However, disclosure of EPCs is often incomplete, which hampers their effectiveness in relieving such information asymmetries. Moreover, even when a certificate is available, landlords do not always disclose it. This contradicts the so-called information unraveling result, according to which all landlords should disclose quality information unless it is costly to do so: in such a setting, information eventually unravels. Using a cross-sectional dataset of residential rental advertisements from the Belgian region of Brussels, we empirically evaluate incentives to disclose energy performance ratings. We find that two fundamental assumptions underlying the unraveling result are not confirmed in our setting: firstly, tenants value energy performance of rental property only when dwellings are of very high quality; secondly, tenants do not appear to rationally adjust their expectations when faced with dwellings that withhold their energy performance rating. Finally, we formulate specific policy advice for reforming EPC mechanisms to increase disclosure rates.In chapter 2, I study how urban congestion pricing impacts the use of sustainable mobility options such as bike sharing, presenting evidence from the, Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Most transition studies are historical in nature and fail to arrive at prospective conclusions about future potential. In this paper we develop a new prospective transition framework, which revolves around the interplay between business models and socio-technical contexts. By looking at the dynamics of increasing returns, industry structure and the role of institutions, we analyze the upscaling potential of innovative bike sharing business models as introduced in Dutch cities over the past ten years (two-way station-based, one-way station-based, one-way free floating, and peer-to-peer sharing). We find that station-based business models are well institutionalized but harder to scale up, while the recent one-way free-floating model has the greatest scaling potential if institutional adaptations and geo-fencing technologies are successfully implemented. Peer-to-peer sharing is likely to remain a niche with special purpose bikes.

The Mobility on Demand (MOD) Sandbox Demonstration Program provides a venue through which integrated MOD concepts and solutions – supported through local partnerships – are demonstrated in real-world settings. For each of the 11 MOD Sandbox Demonstration projects, the MOD Sandbox Independent Evaluation includes an analysis of project impacts from performance measures provided by the project partners, as well as an assessment of the business models used. This report constitutes the Evaluation Plan for the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) Integrated Fare Systems -From Transit Fare to Bike Share Sandbox project. It includes the following chapters: project overview; evaluation approach and process; evaluation schedule and management; and data collection & analysis plan.

Los servicios de préstamo de bicicletas permiten a los usuarios acercarse a una estación y depositar o retirar bicicletas. Uno de sus inconvenientes es que la disponibilidad no está garantizada como puede ser en otros medios como autobús o metro. Se analizará el comportamiento del sistema propio de Bilbao (Bilbon Bizi) empleando técnicas de Machine Learning para reconocer patrones de uso. Generando una red neuronal que, en base a datos anteriores, prediga la disponibilidad para el día siguiente. El entrenamiento de la red neuronal es posible gracias al acceso a catálogos de datos abiertos que contienen datos de disponibilidad esenciales para este proyecto. Éstos son públicos y la mayoría de sus usos son la creación de proyectos de analítica de datos como este. Finalmente, intentando mejorar la experiencia del usuario, se implementará este algoritmo de predicción en una aplicación de consulta que utiliza otros métodos menos precisos., Bizikleta mailegu-zerbitzuei esker, erabiltzaileak geltoki batera hurbildu daitezke eta bizikleta hauek hartu edo utzi. Beste garraiotan (autobusa, metroa...) erabilgarritasuna bermatuta egon daiteke, baina zerbitzu honetan ez da hori gertatzen, hau izanik haren desabantailetako bat. Proiektu hau aurrera eramateko ezinbestekoa da datu irekien katalogoak erabiltzea, hauek baitituzte erabilgarritasunarekin erlazionatutako datuak. Katalogo hauek publikoak dira eta datuen analitikarekin erlazionatutako proiektuek erabili ohi dituzte. Bilboko berezko sistemaren (Bilbon Bizi) portaera aztertuko da, Machine Learning tekniketaz baliatuz erabilera-patroiak ezagutzeko. Datu historikoak erabiliz, hurrengo eguneko erabilgarritasuna iragarriko duen sare neuronala sortuko da. Azkenik, erabiltzaileen esperientzia hobetzeko asmoz, algoritmo hau mugikorreko aplikazio batean inplementatuko da., Bike sharing services let users get to a station and take or return bikes. It has a main drawback, availability is not guaranteed as it can be in other means such as bus or metro. Access to open data catalogs containing availability data is crucial for this project. These are public and most of their uses are the creation of data analytics projects like this one. The behavior of Bilbao's system (Bilbon Bizi) will be analyzed using Machine Learning techniques to recognize patterns of use. A neural network will be generated and, based on previous data, will predict availability for the next day. Finally, trying to improve the user experience, this prediction algorithm will be implemented in an application that uses less accurate methods.

This research looks into the internet bike rental (a newly-emerged bike sharing system) with the aim of demonstrating its development in Hangzhou and identifying the potential solutions that could alleviate the current issues it encounters. The theoretical frameworks of Strategic Niche Management (SNM) and Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) are applied to analyze the breakthrough of the internet bike rental in Hangzhou. On the basis of these two frameworks, this research starts from the analysis of the external environment (landscape and regime) of the internet bike rental to identify the factors that could either stimulate or impede its development. Then, this research looks deep into the development of the internet bike rental to analyze the (niche) internal processes, identify the issues it currently encounters and provide suggestions to address these issues.

Bakalářská práce se zabývá zavedením systému City-Bike ve městě Liberec. Jedná se o systém sdílení jízdních kol, které jsou umístěny ve stanicích po celém městě. Nejprve autor analyzuje systém City-Bike v České republice a zahraničí. Dále se zabývá infrastrukturou v Liberci. Na základě dotazníkového průzkumu autor navrhuje systém v Liberci a posuzuje možnost zřízení ve městě., The bachelor thesis deals with the establishment of the City-Bike system in the city of Liberec. This is a system of sharing bicycles, which are located in stations throughout the city. First, the author analyzes the system of City-Bike in the Czech republic and abroad. It also deals with the infrastructure in Liberec. On the basis of questionnaire survey the author proposes a system in Liberec and assesses the possibility of establishing in the city., Dopravní fakulta Jana Pernera, Student obhájil bakalářskou práci a zodpověděl otázky státní zkušební komise.

Through over forty-five years of development, bike sharing is not a fangle in Europe. But it becomes a popular topic in China in recent two years. The Chinese startups exert IoT technologies and GPS modular in shared bikes and launched the world’s first station-less bike sharing system. This new bike sharing system gains in popularity and develops dramatically all across China. In addition, the leading bike sharing service providers such as Mobike, got over $300 million investment since the start of 2017, which caught the attention of the public. More and more venture capitalists want to touch this new tempting pie. This paper mainly focuses on investigating what are the roles of this new bike sharing system in urban mobility in China especially in Shanghai and its influences in the society. Meanwhile, the socio-technological innovations of the new bike sharing are explored together with the application of different theoretical frameworks, such as Porter’s Five Forces and system thinking. This paper also tempted to fill up the gap in the literature that describing the missing part of smart bike sharing business - using the station less bike sharing business model, involving a discussion of its pros and cons. In order to give more detailed insights about the new bike sharing industry, we choose the world’s first station-less bike sharing service company - Mobike, as our case study object to investigate the revolutionary bike sharing system in Chinese major cities, specifically in Shanghai - the representative megacity of China. Conclusions and future development suggestions are provided at the end of this paper so that the stakeholders could have some references for further development of bike sharing industry.

Bike sharing systems can be found in an ever-increasing number of cities around the world. In many of these cities, bike sharing system have been very successful. In Lund, one of the objectives of the bike sharing system, Lundahoj, was to get car commuters to change travel mode to bike sharing in combination with public transport and thus decrease the emission of green house gases. The aim of this study is to investigate if this objective can be met and also to see what factors influence people to choose to use a bike sharing system. A literature study was done to see what results could be expected and a Logit-modelling was performed to estimate a theoretical value. This was then compared to measured values for Lundahoj. In Lund, Lundahoj only replaced 2 % of car commuting journeys compared to 7 – 20 % in other cities and 14 % using the Logit-model. This combined with the low user number shows that the effect on the emissions of green house gases is miniscule. This study shows that time, money, configuration and integration with public transport services like shared subscription and traveling apps are important factors for choosing to use bike sharing systems. Furthermore, there are social aspects, like image, safety and social norms, that are also crucial to get people to switch to bike sharing

Práce se zabývá racionalizací systému Rekola ve městě Pardubice. Jako podklad slouží analýza bike sharing systémů v evropských městech podobných městu Pardubice z pohledu rozlohy, počtu obyvatel a výškových rozdílů. Dalším zdrojem pro samotný návrh je i analýza prostředí Pardubic a dotazníkové šetření u aktuálních i možných budoucích uživatelů tohoto systému. Cílem práce je posoudit výhodnost tohoto systému pro město Pardubice a doporučit či zamítnout tento systém i pro Pardubice., The thesis deals with the rationalization of the Rekola system in the city of Pardubice. The analysis of bike sharing systems in European cities like Pardubice is based on the area, population and height differences. Another source for the proposal itself is the analysis of the Pardubice environment and a questionnaire survey for current and potential future users of this system. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the advantage of this system for the city of Pardubice and to recommend or reject this system for Pardubice., Dopravní fakulta Jana Pernera, Student obhájil diplomovou práci a zodpověděl všechny otázky zkušební komise.

Ever since the rise of the industrial revolution, one of the greatest challenges for governments relates to the variety of traffic problems that have emerged in urbanized areas (Buchanan, 2015; Headicar, 2015). A vastly growing and promising worldwide spread transport policy is the development of urban bike sharing programmes. These programmes can be found in cities all over the world and have been proven to contribute to: a modal shift towards the use of more sustainable transportation modes, a reduction in externalities of non-sustainable modes, an increase in the accessibility of urban regions and a decrease in bicycle parking and traffic congestion (e.g. DeMaio, 2009; Fishman et al., 2014). These systems provide the public with shared use of a bicycle fleet for a small fee, making cycling a possible mode choice at any location throughout an urban region (Shaheen et al., 2010a). There is currently only one bike sharing system found in the Netherlands: the Public Transport bicycle (PT-bicycle). This system is found at medium to large railway stations where the PT-bicycle can be used for the last leg of the journey (NS, 2015). Although this system is very successful, it does not provide the variety of trip options and flexibility that urban bike sharing systems offer in other countries. Its success does indicate however that there is indeed a demand for bicycles at locations where the privately owned bicycle is not available. This raises the question whether there is a market for destination-based bike sharing systems in the Netherlands which are not limited to train stations, and what such a system should look like. Since commuting and business travel highly contribute to urban traffic congestion and emissions in the Netherlands, it is important to increase the use of sustainable modalities for these travel motives. The objective of this research is therefore to provide recommendations for bike sharing system design in order to introduce the service as an attracti, Technology, Policy and Management, Engineering, Systems and Services, SEPAM

Urban areas are in need of efficient and sustainable mobility service and it seems that one of the options that arouses more interest are public bicycles systems, which in the last decade have been promoted in cities all over the world almost exponentially, surpassing the 500 bike-sharing programs worldwide. This has resulted in a continuous evolution of these systems, which, due to their recent appearance, have practically gone ahead of the works focused on their study. This thesis intends to develop an agent-based simulation model to emulate a bikesharing system, in order to allow the optimization of the main strategic and tactical system variables, such as the total number of bicycles, the number of reposition equipment, the size of the stations and the occupancy after being repositioned, that is, its balanced occupancy. The model will be applied and validated with the parameter values of the system currently applied in Barcelona and an improved scenario will be posed to analyze the performance of a better hypothetical solution for balanced occupancy as an example of the simulator potential. The simulation is coded in Matlab® environment, using the paradigm of Object Oriented Programming, which aims to ease its use, understanding and expansion, following the open-source philosophy, which has proliferated in recent years. The document contains the description of the model and the performance of the program, its structure, and its validation. In addition, the source code can be found attached for its free download and use.

Effcient and clean urban mobility is a key factor in quality of life and sustainability of towns and cities. Traditionally, cities have focused on cars and other fuel-based vehicles as transport means. However, several problems are directly linked to massive car use, particularly in terms of air pollution and traffc congestion. Several works reckon that vehicle emissions produce over 90% of air pollution. One way to reduce the use of fuel-based vehicles (and thus the emission of pollutants) is to create effcient, easily accessible and secure bike lane networks which, as many studies show, promote cycling as a major mean of conveyance. In this regard, this paper presents an approach to design and calculate bike lane networks based on the use of open data about the historical use of a urban bike rental services. Concretely, we model this task as a network design problem (NDP) and we study four di erent optimisation strategies to solve it. We test these methods using data of the city of Valencia (Spain). Our experiments conclude that an optimisation approach based on genetic programming obtains the best performance. The proposed method can be easily used to improve or extend bike lane networks based on historic bike use data in other cities.

In this paper, we deal with the Bike sharing Rebalancing Problem (BRP), which is the problem of driving a fleet of capacitated vehicles to redistribute bicycles among the stations of a bike sharing system. We tackle the BRP with a destroy and repair metaheuristic algorithm, which makes use of a new effective constructive heuristic and of several local search procedures. The computational effort required for the neighborhood explorations is reduced by means of a set of techniques based on the properties of feasible BRP solutions. In addition, the algorithm is adapted to solve the one-commodity Pickup and Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem with maximum Duration (1-PDVRPD), which is the variant of the BRP in which a maximum duration is imposed on each route. Extensive computational results on instances from the literature and on newly-collected large-size real-world instances are provided. Our destroy and repair algorithm compares very well with respect to an exact branch-and-cut algorithm and a previous metaheuristic algorithm in the literature. It improves several best-known solutions, providing high quality results on both problem variants., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

In 2015 bike-sharing has become a viable transportation mode in the urban core of many large cities worldwide. Notably lacking is research on the bike-sharing/transit connection. Bike-sharing provides an excellent solution to the “first-last mile” problem experienced by transit networks but data is difficult to collect due to the independent operation of each network. This thesis proposes an optimization algorithm of user mode choice based on minimizing cost. Required system characteristics for this optimization program are at least two bike-sharing market areas, transit links between the areas and a realistic potential for the vehicle network to become congested. The results show the optimal mode choice by Origin-Destination (OD) pair. This model was applied to trips from downtown Pasadena to downtown Los Angeles in California. These two areas are expected to have a bike-sharing system as soon as 2016 operated by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (METRO). Based on congestion from 1x to 4.25x the free-flow time, bike-sharing provides increasing value to commuters between these two areas. The simple parameters of this application including value-of-time and cost of use could be easily updated to reflect a deeper consideration of user cost.

With technology constantly improving, modern highways can nowadays be built through terrains where construction used to be either technically infeasible or too costly. While this results in faster connections and shorter commuting times, it leaves the abandoned historic routes behind without any use. This workshop was aimed at developing solutions for the requalification of abandoned highway sections, focusing on the example of the Autostrada del Sole which bypasses the little town of Vado, Bologna. A concept of converting the section into a Sole Park - a park which offers both relaxation and amusement elements - was developed in order to attract visitors from the neighboring villages and the high-speed highway. Within this context, potential locations for lookouts were identified, giving stunning vistas of the Tuscan-Emilian landscape.

Práce se zabývá návrhem systému City Bike pro město Hradec Králové. Jako podklady jsou zpracované analýzy stávajících systémů City Bike ve světě a v ČR, dále prostředí města Hradec Králové po stránce cyklistické dopravy. Dalším podkladem je dotazníkové šetření u potencionálních zákazníků., The thesis proposes solution of City Bike system for Hradec Králové city. As supporting documents are processed analysis of existing City Bike systems in the world and in the Czech Republic, as well as analysis of the city Hradec Králové regarding its cycling enviroment. Another basis is a questionnaire survey among potential customers., Katedra technologie a řízení dopravy, Student obhájil svou diplomovou práci a zodpověděl otázky kladené v rozpravě.

Bike sharing is a service, spread over the world and often finds recognition by being made available to almostanyone, providing affordable access in urban space and becoming an alternative to motorized transportationand vehicles.But does bike sharing now answer our needs and desiresin our every day practice in town? Are there possibilitiesto enhance the sharing experience?How to adress the ones that do not make use of the service yet?By keeping close sight to users throughout my project and involving them into my process, it helped me understandhow they want to make use of the bicycles and the service to meet their expectations.These understandings and keyfindings I translated towardsbike sharing and its conclusion defines my proposal.Resulted is a link to StorStockholms Lokaltrafik and bike sharing, a “muscle driven individual public tranportalternative” to the already established public networksystem in Stockholm‘s urban space.Driven by values such as accessibility, flexibility and reliability, I envisoned in a fictional collaboration with SL, the SL Cykel.The SL Cykel covers a Product Service System, embededin the tbana areas and accessed by SL‘s smart card.Based on different modes of traveling, this proposal is meant to be a self-regulating system, which encouragesits customer to become active part in the service and its flexibility.

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Standing, C., Jie, F., Le, T., Standing, S., & Biermann, S. (2021). Analysis of the use and perception of shared mobility: A case study in Western Australia. Sustainability, 13(16), article 8766. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168766