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We demonstrated the bandwidth broadening of terahertz waves detected by heterodyne electro-optical sampling by implementing a ridge waveguide structure in a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystal. Such an approach effectively reduces absorption loss, eases the phase matching condition and enhances the nonlinear interaction length through the optical confinement effect. As a result, we have more than doubled the bandwidth and improved the signal-to-noise ratio compared with an equivalent approach in a bulk LiNbO3 crystal. Heterodyne electro-optic sampling in a ridged-waveguide structure is only marginally dependent on the probe beam wavelength, suggesting its potential as a versatile method for broadband terahertz detection.

Neural mechanisms behind stereopsis, which requires simultaneous disparity inputs from two eyes, have remained mysterious. Here we show how ultrafast mirror-symmetric photomechanical contractions in the frontal forward-facing left and right eye photoreceptors give Drosophila superresolution three-dimensional (3D) vision. By interlinking multiscale in vivo assays with multiscale simulations, we reveal how these photoreceptor microsaccades—by verging, diverging, and narrowing the eyes’ overlapping receptive fields—channel depth information, as phasic binocular image motion disparity signals in time. We further show how peripherally, outside stereopsis, microsaccadic sampling tracks a flying fly’s optic flow field to better resolve the world in motion. These results change our understanding of how insect compound eyes work and suggest a general dynamic stereo-information sampling strategy for animals, robots, and sensors.

The emergence of the vortex beam with orbital angular momentum (OAM) has provided intriguing possibilities to induce optical transitions beyond the framework of the electric dipole interaction. The uniqueness stems from the OAM transfer from light to material, as demonstrated in electronic transitions in atomic systems. In this study, we report on the OAM transfer to electrons in solid-state systems, which has been elusive to date. Using metamaterials (periodically textured metallic disks), we show that multipolar modes of the surface electromagnetic excitations (so-called spoof localized surface plasmons) are selectively induced by the terahertz vortex beam. Our results reveal selection rules governed by the conservation of the total angular momentum, which is confirmed by numerical simulations. The efficient transfer of light’s OAM to elementary excitations in solid-state systems at room temperature opens up new possibilities of OAM manipulation.

Objectives: To evaluate the predictive ability of four clinical frailty indexes as regards one-year rapid cognitive decline (RCD — defined as the loss of at least 3 points on the MMSE score), and one-year institutional admission (IA) and mortality respectively; and to measure their agreement for identifying groups at risk of these severe outcomes. Design: One-year follow-up and multicentre study of old patients participating in the SAFEs cohort study. Setting: Nine university hospitals in France. Participants: 1,306 patients aged 75 or older (mean age 85±6 years; 65% female) hospitalized in medical divisions through an Emergency department. Measurements: Four frailty indexes (Winograd; Rockwood; Donini; and Schoevaerdts) reflecting the multidimensionality of the frailty concept, using an ordinal scoring system able to discriminate different grades of frailty, and constructed based on the accumulation of identified deficits after comprehensive geriatric assessment conducted during the first week of hospital stay, were used to categorize participants into three different grades of frailty: Gl — not frail; G2 — moderately frail; and G3 — severely frail. Comparisons between groups were performed using Fisher's exact test. Agreement between indexes was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa coefficient. Results: All patients were classified as frail by at least one of the four indexes. The Winograd and Rockwood indexes mainly classified subjects as G2 (85% and 96%), and the Donini and Schoevaerdts indexes mainly as G3 (71% and 67%). Among the SAFEs cohort population, 250, 1047 and 1,306 subjects were eligible for analyses of predictability for RCD, 1-year IA and 1-year mortality respectively. At 1 year, 84 subjects (34%) experienced RCD, 377 (36%) were admitted into an institutional setting, and 445 (34%) had died With the Rockwood index, all subjects who expenenced RCD were classified in G2; and in G2 and G3 when the Donini and Schoevaerdts indexes were used No significant diffe

Background: Dementia is a serious, chronic, and costly public health problem. Prior studies have described dementia as increasing length of hospital stay, but so far no explanations have been proposed. Methods: To identify early markers for prolonged hospital stay in demented elderly inpatients, 178 community-dwelling or institutionalized subjects aged 75+, hospitalized through an emergency department in 9 teaching hospitals in France, were analyzed. Prolonged hospital stays were defined according a limit adjusted for Diagnosis Related Group. All patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment at admission. Logistic regression multifactorial mixed model was performed. Center effect was considered as a random effect. Results: Of the 178 stays, 52 were prolonged. Most concerned community-dwelling patients (86%). Multifactor analysis demonstrated that demographic variables had no influence on the length of stay, while diagnosis of delirium (OR 2.31; 95% CI 1.77-2.91), walking difficulties (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.62-2.43) and report by the informal caregiver of moderate or severe burden (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.19-1.86) or low social quality-of-life score (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.03-1.40), according to the Zarit's Burden Inventory short scale (12 items) and the Duke's Health Profile respectively, were identified as early markers for prolonged hospital stays. Conclusion: At the time of the rising incidence of cognitive disorders, these results suggest that preventive approaches might be possible. In a hospital setting as well as in a community-dwelling population, more specific, specialized and coordinated care, using the expertise of multiple disciplines appears as a probable effective measure to limit prolonged hospital stay. Such approaches require (i) clear patient-oriented goal definition, (ii) understanding and appreciation of roles among various health care and social disciplines and, (iii) cooperation between partners in patient's management. However, the cost- and health

There has recently been a surge of new laser-based techniques for generating intense, few-cycle terahertz (THz) pulses, thus opening new applications, such as studying the nonlinear optical properties of various materials at THz frequencies. Simultaneously, innovative solutions for broadband THz detection were found, allowing one to sense matter in the THz range with high temporal resolution. In this paper, we will review the properties and characteristics of recently developed intense THz sources, with a particular eye on their potential applications, such as ultrafast THz nonlinear spectroscopy.

We use an open-aperture Z scan technique to show how intense few-cycle terahertz pulses can experience a nonlinear bleaching of absorption in an n-doped semiconductor due to terahertz-electric-field-driven intervalley scattering of electrons in the conduction band. Coherent detection of the transmitted terahertz pulse wave form also allows the nonlinear conductivity dynamics to be followed with subpicosecond time resolution. Both the Z scan and time-domain results are found to be in agreement with our theoretical analysis.

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Overland monthly and Out West magazine. / Volume 21, Issue 124, Page(s) 438-444, (dlps) volume: ahj1472.2-21.124, (dlps) article: ahj1472.2-21.124:17, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

An analytical study of the electroshock circuit configurations of the diver using electrically operated tools was attempted considering normal and failed modes of various diver equipments, including arc cutting and welding, and ac-powered hand tools. While the 1-dimensional modeling techniques used do not permit exact solutions, certain conclusions regarding the relative magnitude and importance of the various circuit elements are believed to lead to a better understanding of the underwater electroshock problem. (Author)

[1] XVIII: Vista general tomada de la Portilleria llamada del Cacerón, camino de Baldemorillo; a el Levante a Medidía/Asselineau lo litg.º. - [2] VII: Vista general de Sn. Lorenzo y parte del Escorial de à bajo, tomada desde la Cruz bulgo de la orca à el Labante/Pic de Leopol lo litgº. - [3] XI: Vista general de Sn. Lorenzo, tomada de la cercanía del campo santo a el norte/Asselineau lo litg.º.- [4] VII: Vista del Rl. Monasterio de Sn. Lorenzo por la parte de Levante, donde hicieron los voluntarios Realtas. de Madrid la parada y primerª guardia a S.M. el Iº de Octubre de 1824 /Asselineau lo litg.º. - [5] VI: Vista del patio de los Evangelsitas del Rl. Monasterio de Sn. Lorenzo/ Asselineau lo litg.º. - [6] II: Vista del interior del templo del Rl. Monasterio con el monumento el día de jueves santo / F. Blanchard lo litº. - [7] X: Vista del interior del templo del Rl. Moansterio de Sn. Lorenzo / V. Alexis lo litogº . - [8] [s.n.]: Vista del interior del coro del Rl. Monasterio de Sn. Lorenzo / Asselineau lo litg.º. - [9] III: Vista de la sacristia del Rl. Monasterio de Sn. Lorenzo, en ocasión de adorar S.S. M. M. la Santa Forma. / Asselineau lo litg.º. - [10] IV: Vista del panteón de nuestros augustos Reyes en el Rl.Monasterio de Sn. Lorenzo / Pic de Leopol lo litº. - [11] IX: Vista de la Casa de Campo, de abajo del príncipe, y ahora del Rey Nuestro Señor en el Real Sitio de S. Lorenzo. - [12] VIII: Vista de la casa de Campo de arriba, como estaba anteriormente en Sn. Lorenzo del Escorial., [1] XVIII: Vista general tomada de la Portilleria llamada del Cacerón, camino de Baldemorillo; a el Levante a Medidía/Asselineau lo litg.º. - [2] VII: Vista general de Sn. Lorenzo y parte del Escorial de à bajo, tomada desde la Cruz bulgo de la orca à el Labante/Pic de Leopol lo litgº. - [3] XI: Vista general de Sn. Lorenzo, tomada de la cercanía del campo santo a el norte/Asselineau lo litg.º.- [4] VII: Vista del Rl. Monasterio de Sn. Lorenzo por la parte de Levante, donde hicieron los voluntarios Realtas. de Madrid la parada y primerª guardia a S.M. el Iº de Octubre de 1824 /Asselineau lo litg.º. - [5] VI: Vista del patio de los Evangelsitas del Rl. Monasterio de Sn. Lorenzo/ Asselineau lo litg.º. - [6] II: Vista del interior del templo del Rl. Monasterio con el monumento el día de jueves santo / F. Blanchard lo litº. - [7] X: Vista del interior del templo del Rl. Moansterio de Sn. Lorenzo / V. Alexis lo litogº . - [8] [s.n.]: Vista del interior del coro del Rl. Monasterio de Sn. Lorenzo / Asselineau lo litg.º. - [9] III: Vista de la sacristia del Rl. Monasterio de Sn. Lorenzo, en ocasión de adorar S.S. M. M. la Santa Forma. / Asselineau lo litg.º. - [10] IV: Vista del panteón de nuestros augustos Reyes en el Rl.Monasterio de Sn. Lorenzo / Pic de Leopol lo litº. - [11] IX: Vista de la Casa de Campo, de abajo del príncipe, y ahora del Rey Nuestro Señor en el Real Sitio de S. Lorenzo. - [12] VIII: Vista de la casa de Campo de arriba, como estaba anteriormente en Sn. Lorenzo del Escorial., Vega. Origen de la litografía, La BNE conserva además un volumen con la serie completa de 88 estampas (ER/3188), Litografías realizadas por Asselineau, Pic de Leopol, Blanchard y Alexis, bajo la dirección de José de Madrazo, según pinturas de Fernando Brambilla, El orden de la encuadernación de las estampas no coincide con la numeración en romanos, Pertenece a la Colección de las vistas de los Sitios Reales. Las vistas de San Lorenzo, constan de 18 estampas

Contiene: Real Sitio de San Ildefonso ([30] h. de grab.) -- Real Sitio de San Lorenzo ([18] h. de grab.) -- Real Sitio de Aranjuez ([27] h. de grab.) -- Vistas de Madrid, 1833 ([13] h. de grab.), Port. con escudo real, Cada parte con port. propia, Litografías realizadas por varios autores bajo la dirección de José de Madrazo, según pintura de Fernando Brambila

Background: Dementia is a serious, chronic, and costly public health problem. Prior studies have described dementia as increasing length of hospital stay, but so far no explanations have been proposed. Methods: To identify early markers for prolonged hospital stay in demented elderly inpatients, 178 community-dwelling or institutionalized subjects aged 75+, hospitalized through an emergency department in 9 teaching hospitals in France, were analyzed. Prolonged hospital stays were defined according a limit adjusted for Diagnosis Related Group. All patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment at admission. Logistic regression multifactorial mixed model was performed. Center effect was considered as a random effect. Results: Of the 178 stays, 52 were prolonged. Most concerned community-dwelling patients (86%). Multifactor analysis demonstrated that demographic variables had no influence on the length of stay, while diagnosis of delirium (OR 2.31; 95% CI 1.77-2.91), walking difficulties (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.62-2.43) and report by the informal caregiver of moderate or severe burden (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.19-1.86) or low social quality-of-life score (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.03-1.40), according to the Zarit's Burden Inventory short scale (12 items) and the Duke's Health Profile respectively, were identified as early markers for prolonged hospital stays. Conclusion: At the time of the rising incidence of cognitive disorders, these results suggest that preventive approaches might be possible. In a hospital setting as well as in a community-dwelling population, more specific, specialized and coordinated care, using the expertise of multiple disciplines appears as a probable effective measure to limit prolonged hospital stay. Such approaches require (i) clear patient-oriented goal definition, (ii) understanding and appreciation of roles among various health care and social disciplines and, (iii) cooperation between partners in patient's management. However, the cost- and health

Objectives: To evaluate the predictive ability of four clinical frailty indexes as regards one-year rapid cognitive decline (RCD — defined as the loss of at least 3 points on the MMSE score), and one-year institutional admission (IA) and mortality respectively; and to measure their agreement for identifying groups at risk of these severe outcomes. Design: One-year follow-up and multicentre study of old patients participating in the SAFEs cohort study. Setting: Nine university hospitals in France. Participants: 1,306 patients aged 75 or older (mean age 85±6 years; 65% female) hospitalized in medical divisions through an Emergency department. Measurements: Four frailty indexes (Winograd; Rockwood; Donini; and Schoevaerdts) reflecting the multidimensionality of the frailty concept, using an ordinal scoring system able to discriminate different grades of frailty, and constructed based on the accumulation of identified deficits after comprehensive geriatric assessment conducted during the first week of hospital stay, were used to categorize participants into three different grades of frailty: Gl — not frail; G2 — moderately frail; and G3 — severely frail. Comparisons between groups were performed using Fisher's exact test. Agreement between indexes was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa coefficient. Results: All patients were classified as frail by at least one of the four indexes. The Winograd and Rockwood indexes mainly classified subjects as G2 (85% and 96%), and the Donini and Schoevaerdts indexes mainly as G3 (71% and 67%). Among the SAFEs cohort population, 250, 1047 and 1,306 subjects were eligible for analyses of predictability for RCD, 1-year IA and 1-year mortality respectively. At 1 year, 84 subjects (34%) experienced RCD, 377 (36%) were admitted into an institutional setting, and 445 (34%) had died With the Rockwood index, all subjects who expenenced RCD were classified in G2; and in G2 and G3 when the Donini and Schoevaerdts indexes were used No significant diffe