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NASA’s Endurance sounding rocket (yard No. 47.001) will launch from Ny Ålesund, Svalbard in May 2022 on a solid fueled Oriole III-A launch vehicle. Its ∼19 minute flight will carry it to an altitude of ∼780 km above Earth’s sunlit polar cap. Its objective is to make the first measurement of the weak “ambipolar” electric field generated by Earth’s ionosphere. This field is thought to play a critical role in the upwelling and escape of ionospheric ions, and thus potentially in the evolution of Earth’s atmosphere. The results will enable us to determine the importance to ion escape of this previously unmeasured fundamental property of our planet, which will aid in a better understanding of what makes Earth habitable. Endurance will carry six science instruments (with 16 sensors) that will measure the total electrical potential drop below the spacecraft, and the physical parameters required to understand the physics of what generates the ambipolar field. The mission will be supported by simultaneous observations of solar and geomagnetic activity.

NASA’s Endurance sounding rocket (yard No. 47.001) will launch from Ny Ålesund, Svalbard in May 2022 on a solid fueled Oriole III-A launch vehicle. Its ∼19 minute flight will carry it to an altitude of ∼780 km above Earth’s sunlit polar cap. Its objective is to make the first measurement of the weak “ambipolar” electric field generated by Earth’s ionosphere. This field is thought to play a critical role in the upwelling and escape of ionospheric ions, and thus potentially in the evolution of Earth’s atmosphere. The results will enable us to determine the importance to ion escape of this previously unmeasured fundamental property of our planet, which will aid in a better understanding of what makes Earth habitable. Endurance will carry six science instruments (with 16 sensors) that will measure the total electrical potential drop below the spacecraft, and the physical parameters required to understand the physics of what generates the ambipolar field. The mission will be supported by simultaneous observations of solar and geomagnetic activity.

ObjectivesOptimizing glycemic control in pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) is essential to minimizing long-term risk of complications. We used the T1D Exchange database from 58 US diabetes clinics to identify differences in diabetes management characteristics among children categorized as having excellent vs. poor glycemic control.MethodsAmong registry participants 6-17 yr old with diabetes duration ≥ 2 yr, those with excellent control [(A1c <7%)(53 mmol/mol) (N = 588)] were compared with those with poor control [(A1c ≥ 9% )(75 mmol/mol) (N = 2684)] using logistic regression.ResultsThe excellent and poor control groups differed substantially in diabetes management (p < 0.001 for all) with more of the excellent control group using insulin pumps, performing blood glucose monitoring ≥ 5 ×/d, missing fewer boluses, bolusing before meals rather than at the time of or after a meal, using meal-specific insulin:carbohydrate ratios, checking their blood glucose prior to giving meal time insulin, giving insulin for daytime snacks, giving more bolus insulin, and using a lower mean total daily insulin dose than those in poor control. After adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors, diabetes management characteristics were still strongly associated with good vs. poor control. Notably, frequency of severe hypoglycemia was similar between the groups while DKA was more common in the poorly controlled group.ConclusionsChildren with excellent glycemic control tend to exhibit markedly different diabetes self-management techniques than those with poor control. This knowledge may further inform diabetes care providers and patients about specific characteristics and behaviors that can be augmented to potentially improve glycemic control.

Primarily documents Meredith Rolfe Campbell's service in the WASP (Women Airforce Service Pilots) in 1943 and her experiences in New York immediately following. Campbell briefly discusses her childhood in rural Montana, including her father's jobs, the first time she saw a plane, and her early desire to fly. She summarizes her experiences as a teacher in White Sulphur Springs and efforts to earn her pilot's license. Campbell describes working at an airport in Tucson, Arizona, (probably Davis-Monthan), learning about the WASP program, and her supervisor signing off on hours she hadn't flown so she could be eligible to join. She discusses meeting Jacqueline Cochran, being turned down because of a dental problem, and working at Flying Training Command headquarters in Fort Worth, Texas, until she could get it fixed. Notable subjects from her time at Fort Worth include General Barton Yount, gender discrimination, pranks, and meeting baseball player "Red" Rolfe and actor Bill Holden. " Topics from her training at Avenger Field include: the Fifinella logo; uniforms; flying the B-26; fellow WASP; Yankee Doodle Pilot; typical training tests; ground school; social activities; her flight accident; parachuting out; Assen Jordanoff's Flying and How to Do It!; her injuries and treatment; being moved back to another class; and getting washed out. " Campbell also discusses her activities following her service. Topics include: moving to New York City; working for the Jordanoff Aviation Corporation; writing captions for Time magazine; being offered a part in Dark Victory; and the overcrowding of New York City once the war ended. She also shares her reasons for leaving the city and moving to Longview, Oregon; moving to San Diego, California, with her second husband; starting a WASP exhibit at the San Diego Aerospace Museum; and a fallout with her fellow WASP because of it. Other topics include: Amelia Earhart; WASP reunions and publications; what she loves about

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-109)., Includes abstract.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-109)., Includes abstract.

Primarily documents Meredith Rolfe Campbell's service in the WASP (Women Airforce Service Pilots) in 1943 and her experiences in New York immediately following. Campbell briefly discusses her childhood in rural Montana, including her father's jobs, the first time she saw a plane, and her early desire to fly. She summarizes her experiences as a teacher in White Sulphur Springs and efforts to earn her pilot's license. Campbell describes working at an airport in Tucson, Arizona, (probably Davis-Monthan), learning about the WASP program, and her supervisor signing off on hours she hadn't flown so she could be eligible to join. She discusses meeting Jacqueline Cochran, being turned down because of a dental problem, and working at Flying Training Command headquarters in Fort Worth, Texas, until she could get it fixed. Notable subjects from her time at Fort Worth include General Barton Yount, gender discrimination, pranks, and meeting baseball player "Red" Rolfe and actor Bill Holden. " Topics from her training at Avenger Field include: the Fifinella logo; uniforms; flying the B-26; fellow WASP; Yankee Doodle Pilot; typical training tests; ground school; social activities; her flight accident; parachuting out; Assen Jordanoff's Flying and How to Do It!; her injuries and treatment; being moved back to another class; and getting washed out. " Campbell also discusses her activities following her service. Topics include: moving to New York City; working for the Jordanoff Aviation Corporation; writing captions for Time magazine; being offered a part in Dark Victory; and the overcrowding of New York City once the war ended. She also shares her reasons for leaving the city and moving to Longview, Oregon; moving to San Diego, California, with her second husband; starting a WASP exhibit at the San Diego Aerospace Museum; and a fallout with her fellow WASP because of it. Other topics include: Amelia Earhart; WASP reunions and publications; what she loves about flying; and religion.