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PURPOSE: To determine the optimal induction chemotherapy regimen for younger adults with newly diagnosed AML without known adverse risk cytogenetics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One thousand thirty-three patients were randomly assigned to intensified (fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and idarubicin [FLAG-Ida]) or standard (daunorubicin and Ara-C [DA]) induction chemotherapy, with one or two doses of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO). The primary end point was overall survival (OS). RESULTS: There was no difference in remission rate after two courses between FLAG-Ida + GO and DA + GO (complete remission [CR] + CR with incomplete hematologic recovery 93% v 91%) or in day 60 mortality (4.3% v 4.6%). There was no difference in OS (66% v 63%; P = .41); however, the risk of relapse was lower with FLAG-Ida + GO (24% v 41%; P < .001) and 3-year event-free survival was higher (57% v 45%; P < .001). In patients with an NPM1 mutation (30%), 3-year OS was significantly higher with FLAG-Ida + GO (82% v 64%; P = .005). NPM1 measurable residual disease (MRD) clearance was also greater, with 88% versus 77% becoming MRD-negative in peripheral blood after cycle 2 (P = .02). Three-year OS was also higher in patients with a FLT3 mutation (64% v 54%; P = .047). Fewer transplants were performed in patients receiving FLAG-Ida + GO (238 v 278; P = .02). There was no difference in outcome according to the number of GO doses, although NPM1 MRD clearance was higher with two doses in the DA arm. Patients with core binding factor AML treated with DA and one dose of GO had a 3-year OS of 96% with no survival benefit from FLAG-Ida + GO. CONCLUSION: Overall, FLAG-Ida + GO significantly reduced relapse without improving OS. However, exploratory analyses show that patients with NPM1 and FLT3 mutations had substantial improvements in OS. By contrast, in patients with core binding factor AML, outcomes were excellent with DA + GO with no FLAG-Ida benefit.

Data gathered during recent NASA missions to Mars, particularly by the Rovers Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity, have provided important insights into the past history and habitability of the Red Planet. The Mars science community, via input through the National Research Council (NRC) Planetary Science Decadal Survey Committee, also identified the prime importance of a Mars sample return (MSR) mission to further exploration of the Red Planet. In response, the Mars 2020 Mission (Mars 2020) Science Definition Team (SDT) (Mustard et al., 2013) was chartered by the NASA Mars Exploration Program to formulate a new rover mission that would take concrete steps toward an eventual sample return. The SDT recommended that the 2020 rover should select and cache scientifically compelling samples for possible return to Earth. They also noted that organic contamination of the samples was a significant and complex issue that should be independently investigated by a future committee. Accordingly, NASA chartered the Mars 2020 Organic Contamination Panel (OCP).

© Copyright 2014, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Data gathered during recent NASA missions to Mars, particularly by the Rovers Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity, have provided important insights into the past history and habitability of the Red Planet. The Mars science community, via input through the National Research Council (NRC) Planetary Science Decadal Survey Committee, also identified the prime importance of a Mars sample return (MSR) mission to further exploration of the Red Planet. In response, the Mars 2020 Mission (Mars 2020) Science Definition Team (SDT) (Mustard et al., 2013) was chartered by the NASA Mars Exploration Program to formulate a new rover mission that would take concrete steps toward an eventual sample return. The SDT recommended that the 2020 rover should select and cache scientifically compelling samples for possible return to Earth. They also noted that organic contamination of the samples was a significant and complex issue that should be independently investigated by a future committee. Accordingly, NASA chartered the Mars 2020 Organic Contamination Panel (OCP). The OCP was charged with evaluating and recommending sample contamination requirements for the proposed Mars 2020. A further task was to assess implementation approaches in support of the investigation of broad scientific questions concerning the history and habitability of Mars. Central to these objectives would be the ability to reliably differentiate indigenous martian organic molecules from terrestrial contamination in any future samples returned from Mars. Early on during its deliberations, the OCP recognized that the scientific and planetary protection (PP) objectives of MSR are intimately linked, in that both rely heavily on measurements of organic molecules in the returned samples. In each case, a key aspect of the problem is being able to recognize and interpret organic molecules as indigenous to Mars against a potential background of Earthsourced contamination. It was within

An overview has been presented as to how dietary allowances for vitamins have been established and utilized in the U.S. Military Nutritional Standards. Research on human vitamin requirements have permitted, in addition, the development of laboratory tests for the assessment of vitamin nutritional status. The procedures are reliable and practical for use in individual evaluations or in military nutrition surveys. Suitable guidelines have been developed for interpreting dietary and biochemical nutrition data. Periodic nutrition surveys can be used to determine the nutritional status of military personnel and to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of the food served and consumed. The results can be used as guidance for recommending any indicated corrective actions or adjustments in the nutritional standards of the military services. (Author), Proceedings of International Meeting on 'Food for the Armed Forces' (3rd), US Army Natick Development Center, Natick, MA, 15-18 Oct 75, Technical Rept. 76-42-OTD p95-115.

Clinical and histopathologic toxicity studies were conducted on fourteen fat emulsions including Lipomul, Intralipid, Lipofundin and cottonseed or soybean oil emulsions prepared commercially or experimentally for intravenous use. These emulsions were administered to rabbits and/or rats in a daily dose of 2.0 to 3.0 gm. of fat per kg. of body weight. Clinical studies included observation of the animals' general reaction to the infusion, local reaction at the site of injection, variation in body weight, and weekly hemograms and urinalyses. The animals were sacrificed at least ten days after infusion and a detailed necropsy was performed. No gross lesions could be attributed to the fat emulsion. However, histopathologic examination revealed the deposition of intravenous fat pigment in the liver and spleen of every animal. The most pigment was found in animals given cottonseed oil emulsions and the least in animals given emulsion SR-151. Lipoid granulomas were observed in all test animals except those given emulsion SR-141. Mild hepatic fibrosis was observed in animals receiving Lipofundin. Adverse clinical reactions in rabbits included death in two animals, produced by Lipofundin K399, and hyperpyrexia, anorexia, decreased water intake, weight loss, and decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit following infusion. The best performance in rabbits was obtained with Intralipid 293011 and in rats with SR-4734-107A. Although Lipofundin was well tolerated by rats, in general, soybean oil-egg yolk phosphatide-glycerol type emulsions produced the least adverse physiologic and histopathologic changes in the test animals. (Author), Pub. in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition v16 n1 p62-7 Jan 1965 (Copies not available to DDC or Clearinghouse customers).