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In this chapter we examine the value held by national languages, here Swedish, in the scholarly career trajectories in non-Anglophone countries. To this end, we analyse the language policies of Swedish higher education institutions and the narrated perceptions of two international recruits. Adopting Pierre Bourdieu’s distinction between scientific and academic capital, we argue that Swedish language skills constitute a vital asset in processes of accruing power in Sweden’s scientific world. Hence, as we maintain, English is not all that matters, despite internationalization being high on the agenda., QC 20220113Part of book: ISBN 978-90-04-50790-6

This article analyses the relationship between human capital and career outcomes using the case of highly skilled young Latvians and Romanians in Sweden. As a non-English-speaking country with regulated labour markets, the Swedish case provides a contrast to previous studies on EU10 to EU15 mobility that usually focus on English-speaking receiving countries with less regulated labour markets. Thirty-eight semi-structured interviews are analysed from a life-course perspective to map the education and career trajectories before and after their mobility. Three career trajectories are found: match, re-skilling, and de-skilling. Most young migrants tend to prioritize general, rather than country specific, human capital investments, which negatively affects their career outcomes. The results highlight the importance of individual human capital investment choices as well as structural opportunities in receiving countries for understanding the relationship between human capital and career outcomes for young EU-migrants.

Emerging from discussions within gender, contextual embeddedness, and migration, this research addresses the issue of the labor market integration of highly educated migrant women in Sweden. The thesis seeks to broaden the understanding of the gender gap in entrepreneurship by contextualizing the decisions of starting a business, analyzing the different strategies employed by migrant women to develop their businesses as well as the role of entrepreneurship in their lives in relation to gender norms. The study uses the life course approach and methods as well as a gendered multi-context framework (Welter et al., 2014) to investigate the following research questions: 1) Under what circumstances do migrant women turn to entrepreneurship in their life course and what are the associated changes on their career? 2) How do they mobilize social ties across different spatial contexts and business stages? 3) How do migrant women make sense of entrepreneurship in relation to gendered societal norms from the country of origin and destination? The results suggest that complex temporal, spatial, social, and institutional dynamics condition the decision to start a business, and the different strategies employed. Furthermore, entrepreneurship appears as a way to challenge and overcome gender norms.

With support of data from longitudinal studies of two generations of teacher cohorts, this article aims to contribute to the discussion on teacher shortages, teacher drop-out and (re) recruitment of teachers. The following questions are highlighted: How much of their working time do individuals devote to work as a teacher, within the school system and in the education system as a whole? How do they view their future as a teacher? To what extent can we see that statements about the future career are translated into actual action? Do the generations differ in any of the aspects described above, and if so in what way? The results of the studies show, firstly, that the horizons for action of different teacher generations do not differ significantly. The majority of teachers in both cohorts consider their future teaching career as positive. Secondly, intentions of leaving the profession do not seem to be realized to the extent that they are pronounced. Despite predictions of future dropouts, most teachers remain in the profession. Over time, we also see that those who quit the profession remain in the school world. In other words, the effectiveness of teacher education can be seen as relatively good.

This article discusses a range of significant issues for consideration by music higher education institutions when preparing their students for a portfolio career in music. Drawing on insights from a review of literature undertaken as part of an Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Making Music Work: Sustainable portfolio careers for Australian musicians, the article explores the dynamic structure of the music sector and the ways in which musicians are undertaking a portfolio of roles in order to ensure financial and creative sustainability. In particular, the article focuses on five career and educational issues of importance: enterprise and entrepreneurship, mobility, digitisation, gender parity, and health and wellbeing–when preparing graduates for a portfolio career reality.

Public health professional education and workforce capacity is emerging as an area of scholarly interest. Studies in Australia and internationally have principally been confined to normative descriptions of educational programs and workforce profiles. There has been little consideration of the actual experiences of those learning to become public health professionals and how this might shape the formation of identities and capacities.This study investigated the subjective experiences of professionals from predominantly clinical backgrounds as they made the transition to the field of public health practice. Conducted as a real-time longitudinal qualitative case study, the research traced twenty-one self-selecting participants across a three-year work-based program offered by a state health system and its new university partner. The study sought to explore participants' understandings of their learning and professional identities as they navigated across multiple sites of practice to achieve program outcomes as multidisciplinary public health professionals destined for senior health service positions.The principal method of inquiry was an iterative series of in-depth interviews with participants over a three-year period, which produced a set of unfolding biographical narratives of their experiences in entering and participating in the Program. With temporality built into the research method, a diachronic analysis was used to seek patterns of change and continuity within and across participants' biographies for interpreting processes of learning and professional formation.A key finding was that becoming a public health professional in this context defied a simple developmental model of professional learning and identity. Rather, it was a complex personally mediated process of engaging in liminal identities and possible selves connected to former professional careers, program affordances and perceived areas for claiming legitimacy in the field of public health.The study

The primary aim of this study is to understand the factors that influence and affect high-skilled immigrant social practices and adjustment within an occupational unit located in the U.S. The secondary aim is to contribute to the body of knowledge in the process of transforming public perceptions from that of classifying immigrants almost exclusively in low skilled sectors to acknowledging the diversity of skill among the foreign-born. Through research with foreign-born faculty, located at a research university, this study focuses on career trajectories with special attention to domains of connection. Research findings indicate that their visibility as foreign-born is complex. Foreign-born faculty are no longer counted in university data when they have naturalized; however, many are recognized and counted as adding to minority quotas (such as Black, Latin@, and Asian). Foreign-born faculty who participated in this study, referred to as study collaborators for their engagement in the research process, often described who they were and what they did in relation to their occupation rather than their countries of birth and/or settlement--expressing a range of social connection(s) and incorporation strategies. The guiding question for this research is: "What variables influence domains of connection for foreign-born faculty?" In order to answer this question, 48 life history interviews were used to understand how foreign-born faculty constructed their career paths from early educational experiences to selecting teaching and/or research positions in their chosen field--both of which are connected to their subsequent/on-going immigration decisions. Research findings indicate two major career trajectories as they intersect with immigration, 1) being trained and professionally developed in the U.S. or 2) securing employment in the U.S. after being trained and professionally developed abroad. Three domains of connection are identified: political, lifestyle, and professional.

A qualitative grounded theory approach is utilized to study the academic and career trajectories of twenty African American male collegiate students living in San Bernardino, California. There is limited research that explores the positive educational experiences of young adult African American males. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to fill a much needed gap in the literature by providing research on a population of students who are rarely examined from a strengths based approach. Prosocial Development and Achievement Theory explains the major social processes of members of the present study as it relates to their academic and career trajectories. Themes that emerged from the data include constructive hardship and counteraction, conditioned construction of masculinity, and community and family support. Participants were able to utilize adverse experiences as motivation for success. They also sought to negate the recurrence of negative patterns, and counteract negative stereotypes. Participants demonstrated an ability to overcome pressures to adopt a veneer of toughness apart from its potential use to survive the challenges of their community. Additionally, variations of community and family support were important to achievement and life adjustment. Implications for research and practice in field of Family Science are discussed.

Several studies have analyzed the impact of obesity on occupational standing. This study extends previous research by estimating the influence of body mass on occupational attainment over three decades of the career using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. In a series of covariance structure analyses, we considered three mechanisms that may alter the career trajectories of heavy individuals: (1. employment-based discrimination, (2. educational attainment, and (3. marriage market processes. Unlike previous studies, we found limited evidence that employment-based discrimination impaired the career trajectories of either men or women. Instead, we found that heavy women received less post-secondary schooling than their thinner peers, which in turn adversely affected their occupational standing at each point in their careers.

A series of projects were undertaken on the inter-relationship between career trajectories and decision-making in large organizations. The projects compared and contrasted the results from similar sized industrial and defense organizations. In following a number of individuals through to Director level, or the defense equivalent, it was noted that there was a complete change in the level of decision-making capability. The level dropped dramatically in many of the cases examined. As a consequence, the focus shifted from individuals to organizations since the problem was not personal but was related to the organization itself. A number of studies also were made of large high technology companies and the effect of a significant technology change on their survival. In one study, 5 out of 27 companies survived one change, with further depletion of their ranks with a second change. The conclusion reached from this and other studies is that the survival rate over the periods required for defense systems is on the order of 5 percent. This paper examines the reasons behind this survival rate, both for the survivors and the nonsurvivors, and develops a model based on the need to survive, changes in technology, and long-term obligations., Presented at the International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (ICCRTS) (5th) held in Canberra, Australia, on 24-26 Oct 2000. Prepared in cooperation with the Software Engineering Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white.